Autumn blues? Let the sunshine in.
     Falling leaves, withering flowers, cold winds, faint sunshine. 1_____ Spirits can be low.
     People who suffer from "the autumn blues" often are extremely exhausted, lack energy, need more sleep,
feel increased appetite and gain weight.
     "The exact cause of this condition, often called seasonal depression or seasonal affective disorder (SAD),
is not known yet," says Chen Jue, associate professor at Shanghai Mental Health Center. "But recent studies
indicate that weather change is influential and strongly suggest that this condition is caused by changes in the
availability of sunlight."
     One theory is that with decreased exposure to sunlight, the biological clock that regulates mood, sleep,
and hormones is delayed, running more slowly in winter. 2_____. Another theory is that brain chemicals that
transmit information between nerves may be altered (改变) in individuals with SAD. It is believed that exposure
to light can correct these imbalances.
     "3_____ Remember, spring always lives in your heart," Chen says.
     Here are some tips to deed with autumn depression.
     ·Go outdoors and get some sunlight. Move around. Fresh air and exercise improve the respiratory (呼吸)
system and blood circulation and regulate the nervous system. Thus, exercise is calming and relieves one's
mood.
     ·Relax at work. Stretch, breathe deeply. Take a tea break. Think of your next vacation.
     ·4_____ Chocolate and sugar raise the spirits.
     ·Look at bright colors, such as red and orange. Color therapy improves mood.
     ·Listen to your favorite music. You can dance to it, or just lie on a cozy couch, reading a novel.
     ·5_____ Blooming plants are cheering. ·Call friends or family when you feel lonely or depressed. Recall
some happy memories.

A. Exposure to light may reset the biological clock
B. Decorate your room and work space with flowers.
C. It is a sad season, but you can try to make it happy.
D. That is the way you can use to lighten yourself.
E. Keep a chocolate bar in your pocket.
F. For many people late autumn can be a season of gloom and depression (抑郁).
G. Autumn always gives us a beautiful scene.

     The human body is a living machine, and, like all machines, it needs "fuel" (燃料) to supply it with energy.
This is provided by the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy?
     The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise
the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1℃. The number of calories people need per day is different. Also, the
number of calories you use at any one moment normally depends on the activity you are in.For example, you
need more calories for standing than for sitting, more for running than for walking, and so on.
     The energy in food is in the form of three kinds of chemical materials-carbohydrate (碳水化合物), protein
(蛋白质) and fat. Carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm, protein 4.0 Cal/gm, and fat 8.8 Cal/gm. Each food
contains different amount of these materials, as the round pictures show. 
                                       

1. The amount of calories supplied by equal amounts of milk, rice, and peanuts is the largest in the case of
    _____.

A. milk
B. rice
C. peanuts
D. rice or peanuts

2. Choose one statement from among A-D that agrees with the passage and the pictures above.

A. You need more calories for swimming than for mountain climbing.
B. Food contains energy in the form of carbohydrates, proteins and fuel.
C. Different people need different amounts of energy depending on their age, sex and the activities they are in.
D. 3 grams of milk provides 16.6 calories because carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm, protein 4.0 Cal/gm and
     fat 8.8 Cal/gm.

3. This article mainly tells us _____.

A. all the energy is in food
B. the human body needs energy
C. the number of calories depends on your activity
D. we must only eat peanuts to get calories

     Nobody has ever succeeded in their attempt to stay young and live a very long life. 1_____ But is this
really true?
     Dr Aubrey de Grey thinks that we can stop people getting old and that in about 20 years, people will
be able to live to be 1,000 years old! 2_____    
     In Dr Grey's opinion, getting old is a problem that can be solved. 3_____ If we can cure this disease,
we can stop the aging process. We can also make people have young bodies again.
     Dr Grey believes that science will soon be able to stop the causes of aging so that a person's body
won't get weak and won't suffer from the typical diseases of old age.
     Dr Grey compares the human body to a house. As the house gets older, some things must be repaired.
Broken hearts must be replaced. The same thing can happen with the human body, he thinks. We can use
stem cell technology to grow new, healthy tissue to replace the old, damaged one. We can also try to remove
disease-causing molecules in our bodies. 4_____. 
     5_____ However, they admit that Dr Grey's ideas have not yet been proved wrong. Dr Grey is convinced
that his opinions are realistic and that his research is very important. If aging is a disease, he says, we must
try to cure it.

A. At the same time, people's bodies will stay young and healthy.
B. Scientists succeed in solving the problem of aging long ago.
C. A lot of scientists think his ideas not realistic.
D. When our bodies change as we get older, this is like a disease.
E. New deadly diseases may also be cured, if we can stop the aging process.
F. It seems that everybody must get old and die.
G. In this way, a person could easily live to be 1,000 years old.

     Car sharing is another way to drive green that's gaining in popularity, especially in urban areas. People who
may not drive every day but still want a car to run errands (差事) or drive on weekends benefit most from car
sharing. Car sharing is usually run by a service like Zipcar, though there are non-profit (非营利的) and
informal car sharing services. Members pay a monthly fee and have access to an entire fleet of cars when they
need one. The cars are parked in fixed spots around the city, so members only need to make a reservation, and
then go to the pickup spot.
     Car sharing has major environmental benefits because it reduces the number of cars on the road. Members
don't drive just because they are in a car. They plan trips, and if they don't need a car, they don't use one. Still,
a car is available to them if they need to make a big trip to the grocery store, pick someone up at the airport or
if they want to go to the beach for the day. Members also benefit by having access to a car without any of the
headaches of ownership. They usually don't have to pay for the gas, insurance or maintenance (保养), and the
monthly membership fee is less than a typical car payment. So if you really want to go green but aren't ready to
totally give up a car yet, car sharing may be the way to go.
     If you still need to get around, but want to go even greener than sharing a car, share a bus!

1. The author intends to tell us that car sharing ______.

A. has become the most popular way to go to work
B. has become the best way to cut living costs
C. is becoming more and more popular in cities
D. is becoming popular both in urban and rural (乡村的) areas

2. We can conclude from the passage that ______.

A. Zipcar can't help you if you are running urgent errands
B. Zipcar, different from other services, aims green driving with no profit
C. Zipcar is a company supplying car sharing service for a monthly payment
D. Zipcar is a company providing formal car sharing free

3. The second paragraph mainly tells us ______.

A. why people will share a car
B. why car sharing benefits the environment
C. why car sharing is cheaper than owning a car
D. why a car is available to members

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. Car sharing has become a new trend (趋势).
B. Car sharing can save you the headaches of ownership.
C. Bus sharing is even greener than car sharing.
D. Zipcar is the largest company offering car sharing services.

     The Japanese government has launched a campaign encouraging people to go to bed and get up extra early
in order to reduce household carbon dioxide emissions.
     The Morning Challenge campaign, made public by the Environment Ministry, is based on the premise (前提)
that exchanging late night electricity for an extra hour of morning sunlight could significantly cut the nation's
carbon footprint.
     A typical family can reduce its carbon dioxide footprint by 85kg a year if everyone goes to bed and gets up
one hour earlier, according to the campaign.
     The amount of carbon dioxide emissions potentially saved from going to bed an hour early was the
equivalent of 20 percent of annual emissions from household lights, "Many Japanese people waste electric
power at night time, for example by watching TV until very late," a ministry spokesperson told The Daily
Telegraph.
     "But going to bed early and getting up early can avoid wasting electrical power which causes carbon
dioxide emissions. If people change their lifestyle, we can save energy and reduce emissions." The campaign
also proposes that people take advantage of an extra hour of morning sunlight by improving their lifestyles in
general by running, doing yoga and eating a nutritious breakfast.
     It is the latest measure dealing with climate change by the Japanese Environment Ministry, which is faced
with the challenge of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 25 per cent from 1990 levels within the next
decade.
      It was the same government department that started the high profile (姿态) Cool Biz campaign five years
ago, which encourages workers to wear short-sleeved shirts and offices not to turn air con lower than 28
degrees during the summer.

1. What does Morning Challenge claim is the purpose of its campaign?

A. To promote a healthier lifestyle.
B. To encourage people to watch less TV.
C. To reduce household carbon dioxide emissions.
D. To show the sense of responsibility of the Japanese government.

2. The Japanese government has to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the next ten years by _____ on
the 1990 levels.

A. 20%
B. 25%
C. 85%
D. 28%

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?

A. The Japanese government is the first government to deal with the environmental problem.
B. Carbon dioxide emissions are more serious in Japan than in any other country.
C. The Japanese Environment Ministry is responsible for climate change.
D. The purpose of Cool Biz campaign is similar to that of the Morning Challenge.

     A new weapon is on the way in the fight against smoking in Europe. Soon when smokers buy cigarettes,
they might see a shocking photo of a blackened lung or a cancer patient staring back at them from the packet.
     Some boys may think of smoking as cool and sexy. Their friends won't agree when they see their packets
of cigarettes lying on the table. The European Union announced on October 22, that it had chosen 42 photos
that showed the damage cigarettes could do to the body. It called on member nations to put these pictures on
packets to discourage young smokers. To catch the attention of teenagers, the special packets warn of
long-term medical dangers, like cancer. Short-term effects, like bad skin, are also on the list.
     "The true fact of smoking is disease, death and horror. That is the message we should send to the young,"
said David Byrne, an EU health official. "Hopefully these pictures will shock students out of their love for
cigarettes."
     The EU head office hoped the pictures would work better than current written warnings on packs of
cigarettes. The warning included "smoking kills" and "smoking can lead to a slow and painful death."
     So far, Ireland and Belgium have shown interest in the photos. Canada has used similar pictures and
warnings on cigarette packs since 2000. The country has recently seen a fall in the number of smokers.
According to studies, smoking is the single biggest cause of avoidable death in EU. Every year more than
650,000 smokers die, more than one person a minute.

1. What would be the best title for the text?

A. New Ways to Stop Smoking.
B. Pictures to Shock Smokers.
C. New Packers of Cigarettes. 
D. Dangers of Smoking.

2. We can learn from the test that _____.

A. The EU countries have put the new warning method into practice
B. only a small number of the EU countries have used the new warning method
C. the new warning method has worked in some EU countries
D. countries in the EU still use the old warning method

3. Which country is most successful in stopping smoking?

A. Ireland.
B. Belgium.
C. Canada.
D. EU

4. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggests that _____.

A. It's hard to stop smoking in EU
B. deaths caused by smoking could have been avoided
C. smoking is the biggest cause of deaths in EU
D. EU has the largest number of deaths caused by smoking

     A snow leopard roars in the high mountains of Asia. A black rhinoceros gallops across the plains of Africa.
A grizzly bear hunts for fish in a North American river. A mother blue whale and her calf glide through the
deep waters of the ocean.
     All of these animals share the Earth with us. They fascinate us with their beauty, their grace, and their
speed. We love observing their behavior, and learning more about their habits. But just loving them is not
enough. All of these animals are endangered. Many of them have died, and without special care, they may
someday disappear from the Earth.
     Why is it important to care for animals like these？One reason is to protect the balance of life on Earth.
Another reason is the beauty of the animals themselves. Each species of animal is special. Africa was once
filled with an abundance of wild animals. But that is changing fast. One of these animals, the black rhinoceros,
lives on the plains of Africa. It has very poor eyesight and a very bad temper！Even though the black rhino is
powerful, and can be dangerous, its strength can't always help it to escape hunters. Some people think that the
rhino's horn has magical powers, and many hunters kill rhinos for their valuable horns. This has caused the
black rhino to be placed on the endangered species list.
     The elephant seems to represent all that is strong and wild in Africa. It once had no natural enemies, but is
now endangered-killed for its ivory tusks.
      The fastest land animal, the cheetah, also lives in Africa. It,too, is becoming extinct as people take over
more and more of the land that is the cheetah's natural habitat.
      Imagine Africa without the powerful rhino, the gentle, intelligent elephant, or the lightning quick cheetah.
Once they are gone, they are gone forever.

1. The best title for this passage would be "______".

A. Do what we can
B. Gone forever
C. Help animals
D. Live or die

2. Why has the black rhino been placed on the endangered list according to the passage?

A. Because its eyesight is poor and its temper is bad.
B. Because it has a horn.
C. Because it is believed that its horn has magical power.
D. Because people think it is powerful and dangerous.

3. Which of the following does NOT support the main idea of the article?

A. Ocean-dwelling animals are in danger of extinction as well.
B. Beautiful birds like the great green macaw are also becoming extinct.
C. Wherever people are careless about the land, there are endangered species.
D. The elephant seems to represent all that is strong and wild in Africa.

4. How does the writer feel about the fate of endangered animals?

A. Disinterested.
B. Concerned.
C. Optimistic.
D. Confused.

1. _____
     With the development of society, unwanted sound is the most widespread nuisance (厌恶的事) in America.
But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Day and night,
at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one escapes
being affected by this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes
and the body still responds-sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the night.
2. _____
     The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building
up inside us. Indeed, because irritability (易怒) is so obvious, legislators (立法人员) have made public
annoyance the basis of many noise limit programs. But the more unnoticeable and more serious health hazards
(harm and danger) associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention.
3. _____
     Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair
warning that other things may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health. Of many
health hazards to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals. The
other hazards are harder to pin down (说清). For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of
noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more susceptible among us may experience noise as
a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise that causes annoyance and irritability in health
persons may have serious consequences for these already ill in mind or body.
4. _____
     Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of effects on the unborn child when
mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngsters exposed
to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest.
5. _____
     Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is because the link between noise and
many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to
dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of
hearing loss as only an occupational hazard.

A. Noise affects us from birth even embryo (胚胎) to death.
B. Less attention to more unnoticeable and serious hazards in spite of the most common annoyance caused by
    noise.
C. The reasons for there being no greater alarm about these dangers.
D. Noise is more a real and present danger than a nuisance to people's health.
E. How much do we know about annoyance caused by noise?
F. How much do we know about the possible hazards to people's health caused by noise?

     Wondering how many calories the banana cream pie on your plate has? Some Japanese have a novel way
to find out: Photograph it with a cellphone and send the image to an expert. With cellphones becoming
common in Japan and rising concern over expanding waistlines, health-care providers will allow the
calorie-conscious people to send photos of their meals to nutritionists (营养学家) for advice.
      Public health insurance offices in Osaka in Western Japan have launched the service on a trial basis. About
100 cardiac (心脏病的) patients signed up in the first year, followed by diabetes and obesity patients in the
second."Japanese have been getting fatter, especially men in their 20s and 30s. There is concern over what they
learned about nutrition when they were younger," the Osaka official, Satomi Onishi, said."We're hoping that this
program can help us deal with the problem."
     Osaka is using a system developed by Asahi Kasei Corp. The system is operating among about 150
health-care providers and local governments around the country Nutritionists can work with photos from one
day's meals to several weeks' worth. Results come back in three days. People can also log on a website to get
further information.
     Dr Yutaka Kimura has developed a similar system at Kansai Medical University's Hirakata Hospital, also in
Osaka. Five patients have taken part in the programme, which costs $37 to join and $21 per month. Patients
photograph meals over the course of three to seven days, and a nutritionist e-mails advice to them. "Patients
used to fill in meal logs, but people tend to forget things or underestimate (低估) their portions (份)," Kimura
said. "Photographing meals and e-mailing them can be easier and get more accurate results."
     As Japanese have turned to bigger portions and more meat and fried foods, obesity and related illnesses
such as high blood pressure have become a rising concern. The Health Ministry estimated last year that more
than half of Japanese men and about one in five women between 40 and 70 years old were at the increased
risk of heart disease, type II diabetes and other diseases because of obesity. With the Health Ministry hoping
to see a 25% reduction in the number of people at the risk of these diseases by 2015, Osaka officials hope the
cellphone program will help.

     Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for "sport." Progress in this direction
is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take part realize the cruelty
and destruction.
     The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too young to develop proper judgments
through independent thought are led along way away by their gunning parents. They are subjected to
advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and guncarrying as a way
of putting redder blood in the veins (血管). They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring
the chase and the kill. In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how
to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate (刺激) a desire to own a gun. Wildlife
is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wildland habitat (栖息地). Habitat loss will
continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting? There
doesn't seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved.
     Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem
to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring
the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
     Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or
right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe
what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony
of dying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human-
character, then perhaps we should encourage war.

1. According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because _____.

A. they have little knowledge of it
B. it helps to build human character
C. it is too costly to stop killing wildlife
D. they want to keep wildlife under control

2. The underlined word "agony" in the last paragraph probably means _____.

A. form
B. condition
C. pain
D. sadness

3. According to the text, the films children watch at school actually _____.

A. teach them how to deal with guns safely
B. praise hunting as character-building
C. describe hunting as an exercise
D. encourage them to have guns of their own

4. It can be inferred from the text that the author seems to _____.

A. blame the majority of people
B. worry about the existence of wildlife
C. be in favour of war
D. be in support of character-building