IV. 写作 （共两节， 满分40分）

第一节 基础写作（共1小题， 满分15分）

以下是一位学生对英国出版社英语教材的反馈意见表，请根据要求写一篇英语短文，寄回英国出版社。

第一节  基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）

 [写作内容]

根据以上图片写一篇英语文章描述图片内容，并包括如下内容要点：

 [写作要求]

只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。

 [评分标准]

句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。

  Man is a land animal, but he is also closely tied to the sea. Throughout history the sea has served the needs of man. The sea has provided man with food and a convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Today, nearly two—thirds of the world’s population live within 80 kilometers of the sea coast.

    In the modern technological world, the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive. Resources on land are beginning to be used up. The sea, however, still can be hoped to supply many of man’s needs.

    The list of riches of the sea yet to be developed by man’s technology is immense. Oil and gas explorations have been carried out for nearly 30 years. Valuable amounts of minerals exist on the ocean floor ready to be mined.

    Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of fish and shellfish (贝类动物) is an ancient skill practised in the past mainly by Oriental people.

    Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents and waves offer possible use as a source of energy.

    Technology is enabling man to explore ever more deeply under the sea. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible.

    The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. Experts believe that by the year 2020 the problems that prevent us from exploiting fully the food, minerals, and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved.

1. The major things that the sea offers man are ______.

   A. fish and oil                           B. minerals and oil

   C. warm temperature and ocean currents       D. the food, energy sources, and minerals

2. The sea serves the needs of man because ______.

   A. in provides man with food              B. it offers oil to man

   C. it supplies man with minerals            D. all of the above

3. We can conclude from this passage that ______.

   A. the sea resources have largely been used up

   B. the sea, in the broad sense, has not yet been developed

   C. the problems that prevent us from using the food, minerals, and energy sources of the

     sea have already been solved.

   D. by the year 2000 , the technology will be good enough to exploit all the sea resources

4. The underlined words Oriental people in the fourth paragraph probably mean ______.

   A. the people in Asia                  B. African people

   C. European people                   D. American people

5. The best title for this passage is ______.

   A. Sea Harvest                       B. Sea Food

   C. Technology for Exploiting the Sea     D. Man and the Sea

第二节 读写任务

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

【阅读材料】

  I am a 19-year-old girl named Gina. When I was 17, I gave blood for the first time. It was a little scary because I don’t like needles and I am afraid of looking at my own blood.

   The blood drive was in the high school gym. I determined to help because I had read the poster about how much one pint(品脱：计量单位) of blood could do for someone else.

After signing a form, I lay in the chair. When I waited for the nurse to get to me, one girl I didn’t know well noticed my nervousness and sat next to me, telling me what a good thing we were doing for someone else. It took a long time to get a pint. But somehow, I suddenly felt like an adult when my first blood donation was finished. I had overcome my fear in order to do something selfless that would benefit others.

Now ,I still donate blood. The Red Cross calls and invites me to blood drives, and I always try to go. It’s not scary any more. It’s something you do for others, without getting anything in return.

[写作内容]

 国外的很多青少年都把献血视为步入成年的标志。请你在看完所写的短文后，就“献血的意义”这个主题写一篇短文，说说你对献血的看法，内容要点包括：

以约30个词概括短文的要点；

然后以约120个词写一篇短文，至少包括以下内容要点：

现在社会上人们对献血有哪些不同的看法；

你自己对于献血持什么样的态度， 为什么；

你认为献血对于青少年思想成长的意义。

【写作要求】

  可以利用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用阅读材料中的句子。

Poverty is not first thing that comes to mind when you think of Japan. After all, there are no children begging on the streets in major cities here. You do not often see Japanese citizens publicly letting out their complaints over the country’s economic decline. But senior government researcher Aya Abe says Japan has the fourth-highest rate of child poverty among developed countries.

She says she sees that poverty in schools where students admit to only bathing once a week. Some cannot afford to buy pencils for class.

“They may not be on the streets begging or they may not be turning into criminals, but it’s there. It’s just that we have to open our eyes and see,” Abe said.

Abe owes the increase in child poverty to the country’s changing demographics(人口统计), struggling economy and high social security premiums(保险费). She says fewer people live in three-generation households, where the parents and grandparents work. The number of single mothers has increased. The salary for young fathers has declined with the economic downturn. Social security premiums have increased in the last 20 years, putting families on the threshold of poverty.

Abe says studies conducted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD ) point to rising poverty in Japan before the global economic crises in 2008. But the Japanese government and public refused to acknowledge it until then - in part, because of the shame associated with poverty.

“It was, what should I say, very unpopular for Japanese media to say anything about Japanese poverty,” said Abe. “Even though OECD announced it and OECD Japan announced it in Japanese, it didn’t make it into the articles.”

Abe says new Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama has taken one important step to help alleviate (减缓) the problem. Next year, his Democratic Party of Japan plans to double monthly child care allowances given to families.

But Abe wants the government to expand its financial help even more. She wants it to simplify the process to apply for public assistance and provide educational grants for students struggling to pay for tuition at high schools and colleges. The country now only offers loans.

Abe says the government must act quickly because she says the problem will only get worse in the next few years.

1. The passage is intended to _________.

   A. report the result of the studies conducted by OECD

   B. tell us about the increase in Japanese child poverty

   C. prove that Japan is no longer a developed country

   D. introduce Aya Abe, a senior government researcher

2. It seems to be hard to associate Japan with poverty because _______.

   A. no children are seen begging in the streets of main cities in Japan

   B. its citizens never complain about the country’s economic decline

   C. it is one of the few wealthiest countries in the world

   D. its government and public refused to acknowledge it

3. According to Abe, several things contribute to the rising child poverty except________.

   A. high social security premiums

   B. the increase of the number of single mothers

   C. the decrease of the salary for young fathers

   D. the expansion of three-generation households

4. Why was it unpopular for Japanese media to say anything about Japanese poverty?

A.The Japanese public didn’t think it true.

B. It was forbidden by the Japanese government.

C. The Japanese public regarded it shameful to be poor.

D. OECD Japan had already announced it in Japanese.

5. What of the following is NOT the author’s suggestion for alleviating this problem?

   A. Doubling monthly child care allowances given to families.

   B. Expanding government’s financial help even more.

   C. Providing educational grants for poor students.

   D. Simplifying the process to apply for public assistance

Now let’s compare the Chinese diet with the Western diet. Some say that the Western food is better than the Chinese food. Do you think so?

    First, let’s make a standard(标准) of the better diet. We don’t have to care much about the shape, the colour and the taste of the food. We say the one that has more nutrition, is easier to be digested and absorbed(吸收) by the body and then makes us more energetic should be the better. In this way, I believe, our Chinese food should be better than the Western food. Why?

    I think the Western food contains too much fat and sugar. I know both fat and sugar are a kind of nutrition we need in our body, but too much of them will make your body harmed. That’s why so many westerners get ill when young. Besides, westerners have to use knives, forks and spoons to help them have their meals. It seems that they couldn’t have their meals without force.

    But in Chinese food we have those mainly from plants including their seeds, leaves and roots together with a little meat such as chicken, fish, pork, mutton and so on. With so much plant food we can get enough calories as it is rich in fiber, protein, calcium and fat. With a little meat we can make our body even stronger. Besides, we use chopsticks, bowls and plates to help us have our meals. All of these make us harmonious to nature and everybody around us. So I say our Chinese food makes us wise, happy, healthy and wealthy.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

      A. The taste of the Chinese food.

      B. The taste of the Western food.  

      C. The comparison between the two kinds of food.     

D. The tastes of both of the two kinds of foods.

2. Which is the standard of measuring a diet?

      A. Quantity of nutrition in the food.

      B. Whether it is easy to be digested and absorbed.

      C. Whether it can offer us enough energy.      

      D. All of the above.

3. Which is the writer’s attitude towards diet according to the passage?

A. Western food should be better because it contains much fat and sugar.

B. Western food should be better because contains much calories.

C. Chinese food should be better because it doesn’t contain too much fat or sugar

D. Chinese food should be better because it doesn’t have much nutrition.

4. According to the passage, which statement is true?

A. The standard (标准) of a better diet depends on the shape, color and the taste of the food.

B. Fat and sugar in the food do harm to our body.

C. Westerners use knives, chopsticks and spoons to help them have meals while Chinese use bowls, forks and plates.

D. Chinese food and the way Chinese have meals show Chinese are more harmonious with nature.

    I must have been about fourteen then, and I put away the incident from my mind with the easy carelessness of youth. But the words, Carl Walter spoke that day, came back to me years later, and ever since have been of great value to me.

    Carl Walter was my piano teacher. During one of my lessons he asked how much practicing I was doing. I said three or four hours a day.

     "Do you practice in long stretches（一段时间）, an hour at a time?"

     "I try to.”

     "Well, don't,” he exclaimed. “When you grow up, time won't come in long stretches. Practice in minutes, whenever you can find them five or ten before school, after lunch, between household tasks. Spread the practice through the day, and piano-playing will become a part of your life."

When I was teaching at Columbia, I wanted to write, but class periods, theme-reading, and committee meetings filled my days and evenings. For two years I got practically nothing down on paper, and my excuse was that I had no time. Then I remembered what Carl Walter had said. During the next week I conducted an experiment. Whenever I had five minutes unoccupied, I sat down and wrote a hundred words or so. To my astonishment, at the end of the week I had a rather large manuscript（手稿）ready for revision, later on I wrote novels by the same piecemeal（零碎的） method. Though my teaching schedule had become heavier than ever, in every day there were idle moments which could be caught and put to use. I even took up piano--playing again, finding that the small intervals of the day provided sufficient time for both writing and piano practice.

    There is an important trick in this time--using formula: you must get into your work quickly. If you have but five minutes for writing, you can't afford to waste it in chewing your pencil. You must make your mental preparations beforehand, and concentrate on your task almost instantly when the time comes. Fortunately, rapid concentration is easier than most of us realize.

     I admit I have never learnt how to let go easily at the end of the five or ten minutes. But life can be counted on to supply interruptions. Carl Walter has had a tremendous influence on my life. To him I owe the discovery that even very short periods of time add up to all useful hours I need, if I plunge in without delay.

1. What is the best title of this passage?

   A. Concentrate on Your Work                    B. A Little at a Time

C. How I Became a Writer                              D. Good Advice

2. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The writer owes great thanks to his teacher for teaching him to work in long stretches.

B. Carl Walter has had a great influence on the writer’s life since he became a student.

C. The writer didn't take the teacher's words to heart at first.

D. Rapid concentration is actually more difficult than most people imagine.

3. The underlined part "counted on" can he replaced by____.

A. enriched             B. concentrated            C. valued                D. expected

4. We can infer that the writer           . 

    A. has new books published each year however busy his teaching is

    B. is always tired of interruptions in life because his teaching schedule is always heavy

    C. has formed a bad habit of chewing a pencil while writing his novels

    D. makes mental preparations beforehand, so he’s devoted to work instantly

. —What fine weather! Would you like to go out for a walk? 

—__________.

A. Look out.                             B. What can I do for you? 

C. That sounds a good idea.        D. I don’t agree.

 Was it ______ his daughter with her work _____ the man spent the whole evening at home?

   A. to help, that    B. help, when    C. helping, that    D. helped, which      

. — Why does the Lake smell terrible?

—Because large quantities of water______. 

A. has polluted                                  B. have been polluted

C. has been polluted                           D. is being polluted

 Many people hope to have a _____ job, especially during the financial crisis.

   A. professional     B. premier     C. primitive     D. permanent