Brazil is a federation that consists of twenty-six states and one federal district. The biggest majority of Brazil’s population belongs to the Christian religion and almost all of them are Catholics. This is something Brazil inherited(继承) being Portugal’s colony(殖民地).

Historically, the country was a colony claimed by people from Portugal and this made Portuguese the official language. The Portuguese reached Brazil in 1500 and until that moment it was inhabited by semi-nomadic(半游牧的) people. The Portuguese changed Brazil into a country of slaves until 1800, when Maria I of Portugal came to live to Brazil. The Queen did not stay long in Brazil, but during the 20 years of royal presence a lot of changes occurred: commercial ports to United Kingdom were opened; Brazil stopped being isolated(孤立) from other countries. So at the moment of getting the independence on the 7th of September, 1822, Brazil already had the potential to develop. The Brazilian Empire, Pedro I, abolished slavery in 1888 in the face of Princess Isabel. A lot of European people started coming to Brazil and the industry of the country started working. In the 19th and the 20th century as it has been said above foreign people immigrated(移民) to Brazil and basically 5 million European and Japanese people became the residents of Brazil. The beginning of the 20th century was especially marked by the immigration of a lot of Asian people: Japanese, Korean and Chinese immigrants. As a matter of fact Japanese people do not immigrate a lot, and the fact that the Brazilian-Japanese people are the largest Japanese minority in the world does astonish greatly.

The majority of the cultural inherits of Brazil are actually Portuguese, due to the fact that Brazil was Portugal’s colony for a very long time. The southern states mainly consist of European population and the north and the northeast consist of a mixed population including Africans, Amerindians and Europeans. Most of this population is Roman Catholic. No other country in the world has the same amount of Catholics. The modern tendency of Brazil is the growing number of people calling themselves Protestants. Around 7.4% of the population don’t believe any god. Some Brazilians, especially in the northern states are mixed Africans who prefer following the traditional African religions. Only 1.8% of the population chose Buddhism, Islam or Judaism.

Though Brazil always tried to maintain democracy, it was failed several times by the dictatorship（独裁） of Getulo Vargas. This fact could not affect the political situation in the country.

61. Brazil was ruled by Portuguese about ______.

A. 22 years        B. 300 years      C. 322 years       D. 328 years

62.Who might block the development of Brazil?

A. Maria I     B. Pedro I     C. immigrants    D. Getulo Vargas

63. The writer mainly tells us the ______ of Brazil in the passage.

A. religion     B. history     C. culture    D. political situation

64．Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Brazil was isolated from other countries when Maria I stayed there.

B. The industry of the country started working in 1888.

C. Brazil has the largest population of Catholics in the world.

D. Some people in Brazil don’t believe any god.

65. It can be inferred that Brazil is a country with ________.

A. western culture  B. modern culture   C. traditional culture   D. mixed culture

SECTION B

Directions：Read the following passage．Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit．Write your answers on your answer sheet.

According to the sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer (赠与) leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge (显现) as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

     Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent（可靠的）evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually (actually) any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

     Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive (有表现力的) leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective（集体的）well beings of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize (将……减到最少) tension and conflict among them.

      Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who prevent attaining the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate（培养）a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in achieving group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

81. How are leaders usually chosen? (不超过12个单词)

__________________________________________________________

82. What do expressive leaders generally focus on? （不超过5个词）

__________________________________________________________

83. What kind of person may be considered a leader according to the writer? (不超过17个单词)

__________________________________________________________

84. What does the passage mainly discuss? （不超过8个词）

__________________________________________________________

My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ______ half of it.

    A. was missing   B. missed           C. had missed     D. will miss

 There are also those _____ hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death on purpose.

    A. who                   B. from whom          C. /                         D. for whom

A good teacher should leave some time for the students to _________ the knowledge.

   A. introduce     B. receive       C. digest  D. accept

 It’s always difficult being in a foreign country , ____ when you can’t speak the local language .

A. generally       B. terribly         C. basically       D. especially

                                    When TV news programs report wars or disasters, the editors rarely use the most horrifying pictures of dead or wounded victims because they don’t want to upset their viewers. Even so, viewers are usually crowded in advance that they may find some of these scenes disturbing, so they can look away if they choose. But the men and women whose job is to record those scenes—the TV cameramen—have no such choice. It is their duty to witness the horrors of the world and record them, no matter how terrible and unpleasant they may be. Consequently, it is one of the most dangerous, exposed and emotionally taxing jobs the world has to offer.

Today, the demand for their work is rising. The explosion of satellite broadcasting and 24-hour news in recent years has created a demand for TV information. But major broadcasters and the TV news agencies——such as Reuters and WTN-have never had enough staff to meet the worldwide demand for up-to-date pictures, so increasingly they turn to “freelance” TV cameramen.

These freelance cameramen are independent operators tied to no particular organization. They will work for any company which hires them, be it for just a few hours or for several weeks in a war zone. But if the freelance cameraman is injured in the course of the job, the TV company is not responsible for him. The freelancer must survive on his own.

TV will always need hard, vivid moving pictures which are fresh, but these companies feel uncomfortable with large numbers of employees on their books, explains Nick Growing, once a foreign editor for Britain Channel 4 News and now a BBC news presenter.

By hiring freelancers, they can buy in the skills they need only when they need them. It also enables them to contract out the risk, he says.

69.TV news agencies turn to freelance cameramen in order to         .

A. buy pictures which are the most touching to the senses

B. look for pictures that are of fine qualities

C. get first-hand information and pictures

D. save expense and avoid risks

70. The freelance cameramen        .

A. need to contract out risks of work for TV companies

B. have better skills than other cameramen

C. have to take risks in the course of work

D. are tied to many TV news agencies

71.According to this passage, some major broadcasters and TV news agencies       .

A. are responsible for the freelancer if he is injured

B. are not willing to employ many cameramen

C. have employed enough cameramen

D. are very kind to freelancers

72.The author of this passage shows his          the freelance cameramen.

A. respect for                                            B. sympathy for

C. anger to                                                      D. admiration to

请在答题纸上按下列所给词的正确顺序组成完整的句子。（每小题2分，共10分)

76. we/ body language/use /to strangers/we/when/introduced/are.

                                                              .

77. every culture/to/greet/has/developed/a/ way/formal/strangers.

                                                               .

78. If/someone/our/right hand/busy/is/greeting/it/cannot/a/weapon/be/holding.

                                                               .

79. American/youths/each other/often/greet/with/expression/ “Give me five！”

                                                              .

80. Body/language/fascinating/for/is/everyone/to/study.

                                                              .

Hurry up, _______ you will miss the early bus.

A. otherwise   B. if      C. and  D. but

—Have you ever ridden a horse ?

       —No, but I _____ a camel when I visited Egypt last year.

A. was riding      B. have ridden     C. rode            D. had ridden