I don't really work here；I _______ until the new secretary arrives.

A. just help out    B. have just helped out     C. am just helping out   D. will just help out

We thought of selling this old furniture, but we've decided to ______ it. It might be valuable.

A. hold back to　 B. hold on to　　　   C. hold up to　　       D. hold in to

Helen devoted herself ________to her research and became a top scientist in the field of applied physics．

  A．seriously        B．extremely           C．entirely           D．strictly

The definition of the standard kilogram is almost entirely wrong. Getting that definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.

Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use — quantities such as speed or electric power. All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined according to natural properties（属性）that are beyond human control.

For example, the standard second (time) is defined as a specific number of vibration（振动）of a type of radiation sent out by atoms of a special metal. The standard metre (length), in turn, is defined as the length of the path light travels under certain conditions.

Not so the kilogram. This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder（铂—铱合金筒）locked away in a container maintained by the International Bureau of Weights & Measures in Sevres, France, near Paris. Official bodies around the world have copies of the cylinder.

Embarrassingly, the last time the copies were brought to Sevres for a checkup in the 1980s, officials found that some copies had gained about 20 parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the 1940s. This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.

Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram according to basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic（电磁的）force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity. A project of the latter type at the laboratories in Gaithersburg, Md., hopes eventually to define mass by means of electrical units.

So far, none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit. They require the very accuracy of measurement and control of experimental conditions. The slightest influence — even a tiny change in weather — can ruin results. You’ve got to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking — but extremely important — research.

Compared with other basic units, the kilogram is ____.

    A. as accurate as other basic units        

B. not universally accepted in the world

    C. not defined according to natural properties

    D. defined in the same way as other basic units

The author introduced the examination of copies of a platinum-iridium alloy cylinder in the 1980s to indicate that ____.

    A. the causes of weight changes had been found

    B. such kind of checks had been carried out regularly

    C. the changes in weight challenged the definition of the kilogram

    D. the consequences of such changes were great in research

According to the passage, to define the weight of mass by means of electrical units ____.

    A. is the only way to redefine the kilogram scientifically

    B. has been accepted as the only possible redefinition project

    C. is not as complicated as people understand

    D. has been considered by some scientists as a better approach

Which of the following cannot be concluded from the passage?

A. Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future

B. Some scientists are trying to redefine the kilogram according to basic physical quantities.

C. The redefining of the standard kilogram is quite complicated and can be affected by a number of factors.

D. A number of experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.

   Recently, much more emphasis has been put ______ developing the students’ creativity.

    A. onto         B. in               C. over         D. on

书面表达（满分35分）

据报道，几位慈善人士最近几年一直在资助五名贫困大学生，但是，这些学生从来没有表达过他们的感激之情，所以这几位慈善人士决定停止资助。此事在社会上引起了广泛的争论，某英文报为此在读者中展开了调查。请你以“Do They Have to Say Thanks?”为题，根据下列表格中所列信息及要求用英语写一篇短文，投到该报的“Readers ' Letters”栏目。

注意：1．词数：100左右；      2．参考词汇：捐赠donate .

—How did your mathematics exam go？

—I thought I           ，but in fact I fell behind in the class.

A. should have been the top 10  B. could have been the top 10

C. may have been the top 10 D. need have been the top 10

He was tired of their_________ (play) a trick on people who can’t speak properly.

完形填空

I had my first job at the age of thirteen , when a friend of my mother who owned a bookshop hired me for six hours a week to help her in the shop . I was very  36   to earn my own pocket money and my parents   37 interfered (干涉) with how I spent it , even when I was spending it  38  .They believed that by earning money ,spending it ,and learning from the  39  ,I would become more mature (成熟的)and  40  in how to handle work ,relationships with others ,and money.

Like many  41  parents ,my parents also let me and my brothers do things about which they  42  a great deal .When I was sixteen ,for example ,after I finished high school and before I entered university ,I wanted to spend the summer months traveling around  43   .My mother was against the idea of my traveling alone at such a young age, but my father felt that it would be a great  44  for me .In the end , my father won the  45  on the condition that I limited my traveling to France ,my mother’s home, where I had many uncles, aunts and cousins  46  through the country who could  47  shelter and help if I needed them .

Three years later ,my younger brother decided to  48  a year off after his first year in university and travel through the United States and the Caribbean. Again my mother was very worried and not  49  to see my brother leave school, but my father encouraged him and my brother spent a (n) 50   year working his way on trains and ships to  51  his passage to different ports and cities, and discovering many fascinating places and people.

These kinds of experiences are probably  52  for children in many countries but in the US they are fairly common. Most parents start  53  their children at a young age to do small things by themselves .By the time they have finished high school, many American kids have already had  54  jobs and traveled around the US or other countries on their own , have selected the university they plan to attend , maybe even have decided on their future  55 ,and so on .

A．anxious       B. worried        C. proud        D. nervous

A. never          B. ever          C. always           D. even

A. carefully       B. foolishly        C. seriously        D. honestly

A. work          B. mistakes       C. others       D. books

A. strict          B. reasonable       C. polite           D. responsible

A. American      B. Japanese      C. Chinese           D. British

A. helped          B. supported        C. shared           D. worried

A. Asia          B. Africa         C. Europe           D. Oceania

A. journey         B. experience       C. chance           D. possibility

A. argument      B. game           C. discussion       D. plan

A. sending out    B. giving out        C. carrying out     D. spreading out

A. promise       B. decide         C. provide          D. serve

A. leave         B. make           C. take             D. prepare

A. angry         B. eager          C. sorry            D. sad

A. unusual       B. hard           C. strange          D. busy

A. accept        B. earn           C. find          D. search

A. welcome      B. fit             C. necessary        D. rare

A. bringing        B. forcing     C. pushing          D. protecting

A. part-time      B. full-time         C. good             D. well-paid

A. life           B. career       C. hope        D. benefit

We now think of chocolate as sweet, but once it was bitter. We think of it as a candy, but once it was a medicine. Today, chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or just a snack. Sometimes it is an ingredient in the main course of a meal. Mexicans make a hot chocolate sauce called mole and pour it over chicken. The Mexicans also eat chocolate with spices like chili peppers.

Chocolate is a product of the tropical cacao tree. The beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys say “Ugh!” and run away. Workers must first dry and then roast the beans. This removes the bitter taste.

The word “chocolate” comes from a Mayan word. The Mayas were an ancient people who once lived in Mexico. They valued the cacao tree. Some used the beans for money, while others crushed them to make a drink.

When the Spaniards came to Mexico in the sixteenth century, they started drinking cacao too. Because the drink was strong and bitter, they thought it was a medicine. No one had the idea of adding sugar. The Spaniards took some beans back to Europe and opened cafes. Wealthy people drank cacao and said it was good for the digestion.

   In the 1800s, the owner of a chocolate factory in England discovered that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao. It quickly became a cheap and popular drink. Soon afterwards, a factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate. Later on, another factory mixed milk and chocolate together. People liked the taste of milk chocolate even better.

   Besides the chocolate candy bar, one of the most popular American snacks is the chocolate chip cookie. Favorite desserts are chocolate cream pie and of course an ice cream sundae with hot fudge sauce.

It was ______that discovered sugar could remove the bitter taste of cacao.

A. the workers in the chocolate factory     B. the Spaniards 

C. the people in England                D. the owner of a chocolate factory.

According to the passage which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Nobody had the idea of adding sugar until the sixteenth century.

B. The word “chocolate” comes from a Mexican word.

C. The beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys like them.  

D. Workers must dry and roast the beans to remove the bitter taste.

It can be inferred from the passage that___________.

   A. chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or a candy bar 

B. Mexicans like chocolate very much        C. chocolate is a product of the cacao tree

D. people liked the taste of chocolate mixed with milk

Which is the right time order of the events regarding chocolate?

   a. Chocolate became a cheap and popular drink in England.

   b. A factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate.

   c. The Spaniards started drinking cacao.

   d. It was found that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao.

   e. A factory mixed milk and chocolate together.

   A. a-b-c-d-e    B. c-d-e-b-a            C. c-d-a-b-e            D. c-d-b-e-a