What do literary greats Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Burns have in common? They both lived and wrote in Edinburgh, along with many other big names in the field of literature. This fact helped UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) award the city the title of world's first City of Literature on October 14.

Edinburgh left a lasting impression on Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930). Although he was born there he went to school in England but returned home for medical school. After graduating he moved to London and began writing his Sherlock Holmes stories. His inspiration for the character came from one of his professors at university. Holmes' methods were so clever that they actually furthered the advance of the study of criminology (犯罪学).

Robert Burns (1759-1796) is still regarded as Scotland's national poet, more than 200 years after his death. He is celebrated all over the world through translations of his work and the annual Burns Night supper on his birthday. One of his songs, "My Love is Like a Red Red Rose" ranks among the finest love songs ever written and "Auld Lang Syne" (友谊地久天长) is sung all around the world．

As one of the first literate societies in Europe, the Scottish Parliament passed the world's first compulsory (义务) education law in 1496. By the 1790s, almost all Scots could read． Visitors to Scotland often observed that even the lowest members of society had copies of Burns' poems and other books.

Edinburgh was awarded the title of world's first City of Literature because _____.

       A．the first award ceremony of literature was held there

       B．many literary greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Burns were born there

       C．it left a deep impression on many literary greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

       D． many literary greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Burns often wrote about it

Arthur Conan Doyle was remembered mainly for his _____.

       A．detective stories   B．love poems and songs  

       C．contribution to the study of criminology       D． clever writing skill

In honour of Robert Burns, _____.

       A．"My Love is Like a Red Red Rose" and "Auld Lang Syne" are sung all around the world

       B．his works are translated into many languages every year

       C．a celebration is held more than 200 years after his death

       D． a celebration is held every year on his birthday

In the last paragraph, the writer mainly discussed _____.

       A．the impression of visitors to Scotland

       B．how Burn’s poems are popular in Scotland

       C．the possible history reasons for many literary greats in Scotland

       D． how the world’s first compulsory education law was made

The second runway of Hong Kong International Airport was officially ____ on May 26,1990.

A. put into effect         B. made use of 

C. taken notice of        D. put into use

To read newspaper before going to bed seemed to me a rule ____.

A. to never break  B. never to have broken 

C. never to be breaking  D. never to be broken

We have been told that under no circumstance_____ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

A.may we use   B.we may ring   C.we could borrow  D.did we answer

_____ good, these cookies sell well.

A.Smelled    B. Smelling  C. Being smelled D. To smell

There were many students and teachers at the party yesterday. I looked for two seats to sit down with my friend, Tim, but there were ____.

A. neither   B. nothing    C. none      D. no

In salad bars the waiter does not bring you salad. You have to____ yourself, usually to as much as you want.

A. bring   B. serve  C. help D. supply

--- Do you know Uncle Tom is crazy about gardening?

    ---Sure. He ____ his flowers in the garden now.

A. may be watering    B. must be watering

C. could look after   D. ought to watch

There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air pollution. Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a “greenhouse effect”— conserving heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water.

Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature — a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report drafted by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very possible). Perhaps, if we are lucky enough, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now. Driven by economic profits, people neglect the damage on our environment caused by the “advanced civilization”. Maybe the air pollution is the price the human beings have to pay for their development. But is it really worthwhile?

As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution _______.

A. cause widespread damage in the countryside

B. affected the entire eastern half of the United States

C. had damaged effect on health

D. existed merely in urban and industries areas

As to the greenhouse effect, the author __________.

A. share the same view with the scientist.

B. is uncertain of its occurrence

C. rejects it as being ungrounded

D. thinks that it will destroy the world soon

The word “offset” in the second paragraph could be replaced by _________.

A. slip into   B. make up for　　 C. set up    D. catch up with

It can be concluded that ____________.

A. raising the world’s temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earth

B. lowering the world’s temperature merely a few degrees would lead major farming areas to disaster 

C. almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade

D. the world’s temperature will remain constant in the years to come

This passage is primarily about __________.

A. the greenhouse effect        　    B. the burning of fossil fuels

C. the potential effect of air pollution  　D. the likelihood of a new ice age

He traveled to many mountain villages and saw many poor children out of school. This experience _______ his life.

       A. would change                            B. had changed

C. was to change                             D. was changing