Mary’s mom _______ her not to make friends with the man, but she never listened.

   A. advised      B. demanded     C. suggested       D. wanted

It is illegal for a public official to ask people for money ____ favors to them.

A. in preference to                                 B. in place of

C. in agreement with                                 D. in exchange for

“Mom, can I bake some bread?” We were 15, my best friend, Hanna, and I, determined to try our hands at creating some beautiful bread.

       “It’s not worth the trouble,” my mother said. “It takes lots of time and makes a big mess. Our bakery bread is delicious without all that effort.”

Begging was useless. Mom’s “no” meant “No!”

But several weeks later, opportunity knocked: My parents were going out for the evening. I immediately invited Hanna to be my partner in bread-baking crime.

We studied the recipe. That was easy. “Mix oil into flour then beat in four of the eggs, one at a time, with remaining sugar and salt.”

We were not good at breaking eggs. I tried to learn from my mother.

“Gradually add eight cups of flour. When dough (面团) holds together, squeeze it.”

We took turns working like that. “Is the dough ‘holding together’?” we asked each other.

I remembered my neighbor’s instructions: “If it’s too sticky, add some flour; if too dry, add water.”

We added water. Then more flour. Then more water. By then, the mass of our dough had grown very much.

“Place dough on floured surface and squeeze till smooth,” the recipe instructed.

We took turns burying our hands in the damp dough, pinching, squeezing, and feeling it leak between fingers.

“Clean and oil bowl, then return dough to bowl. Cover and let dough rise in warm place for 1 hour.”

This was good news --- we’d have a break. On dirtied kitchen chairs, we dreamed about our beautiful bread. “See?” we would tell my mom. “Isn’t it worth the work?”

Hanna and I couldn’t help glancing at the rising process every few minutes. But nothing was happening.

“Maybe something will happen in the hot oven,” I said.

Unfortunately, when we removed the loaves from the oven, they were like hard stones.

Mom was right; it takes time and effort. It sometimes makes a mess. But still it feels good, somehow, to be part of that long, ongoing chain of bread bakers. Since that night, both Hanna and I have learned to do it right.

To the writer, what her mother said was __________.

A. law                   B. rubbish                    C. advice                      D. warning

Which of the following can best describe the children’s feelings while making their first bread?

       A. Confident; hopeful; disappointed.          B. Curious; hopeful; disappointed.

       C. Interested; excited; satisfied.                   D. Worried; satisfied; proud.

Which of the following did the writer do without instructions?

A. Placed dough on floured surface.            B. Added eight cups of flour to eggs.

C. Returned dough to a cleaned bowl.          D. Placed the dough into the hot oven.

The passage mainly tells us ______________.

       A. the process of making bread                   B. the conflict between mother and daughter

       C. the first experience of making bread        D. the way of doing housework

Testing has taken the place of teaching in most public schools. Pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They know that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the questions at the end of the chapter and then read the text quickly for the answers. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks, has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard to say proudly and openly that they teach to the test.

Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon（现象）. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some methods of assessment（评价） to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to teach the students in the opposite way. First one looks at a test. Then one chooses the skills needed not to master reading, but to do well in the test. Finally, the test skills are taught.

The ability to read or write might suggest the ability to do reasonably well on standardized tests. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparations for a test of a skill with the acquisition（习得）of that skill. Too many discussions of basic skills make this misunderstanding because people are tested rather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught.

Recently, many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple words, the phenomenon of students with grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are quite good at test taking and filling in workbooks. However, they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the details but can’t see or understand the whole. They are taught to be so concerned with grades that they have no time to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary.

The author mentions Erica’s performance in her study in order to show_________.

A. her cleverness in test taking                          B. the good way to take tests

C. the improper way of teaching                        D. the best way to read textbooks

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The teachers are curious about teaching to the test.

B. Skills in general are not only useless but often mislead students.

C. Ability to read and write has nothing to do with ability to do well in tests.

D. Preparations for a test of a skill do not mean the acquisition of that skill.

In the author’s opinion, __________.

A. some good methods of assessment should take the place of tests

B. more attention should be paid to the nature and quality of what is taught

C. students should not be concerned with grades but do more reading and thinking

D. students needn’t learn grammar skills because they are useless for understanding

By “crisis of comprehension” (in Paragraph 4) the author means many students ______.

A. are too much concerned with grades

B. fail to understand the real goal of education

C. lack proper practice in grammar drills

D. do well on tests but can’t understand what they read

书面表达

你班最近就“中学生课余时间上网的利弊”召开了一次主题班会，同学们各抒己见，畅所欲言，作为班长，请你根据下列信息，作总结性发言。

_____ of the students who took part in the military training is 450.

A. A number            B. A lot            C. Lots                     D. The number

It is the first time that I ______________ such a beautiful scene.

   A. saw       B. see        C. had seen        D. have seen

His disabled legs _______ him to a wheelchair all his life.

A. condemned     B. fastened        C. applied        D. cast

One in five humans ___       access to safe drinking water by 2080．

       A．is said lacking            B．is said to lack

       C．are said to lack               D．are said lacking

He asked me      with me.

A. what the matter is                   B. what the matter was

C. what’s the matter                    D. what was the matter