The story of printing is a long and complex one. Before the invention of printing, the spread of knowledge depended either on word of mouth or handwriting. Both took time and errors happened easily. 2000 years ago in the Western Han Dynasty, stone-tablet rubbing(拓印) was common for spreading Confucianism or Buddhism. This led in the Sui Dynasty (581-618) to the use of carving writing or pictures on a wooden board, which became known as block printing(木版印刷).

The first book with an exact date of printing appeared in China in 868. In the Tang Dynasty (618-907), this technology was gradually introduced to Korea, Japan, Vietnam and the Philippines.

Block printing reached its golden age during the Song dynasty (960-1279) as the government encouraged the publication of large numbers of books. Yet block printing had its drawbacks. All the boards became useless after the printing was done and a single mistake in carving could ruin a whole block. In the Song Dynasty, a man named Bi Sheng carved individual characters on pieces of fine clay(粘土). Then he hardened the clay by a slow baking process, resulting in pieces of movable type.

Movable type printing has a very important position in the history of printing, for all later printing methods such as wooden type, copper type and lead type printing all developed on the basis of movable clay types. During the 13-14th centuries, This technology spread to Korea, Japan, Vietnam and Europe. Later, German Johann Gutenberg invented movable type made of metal in the 15th century.

48. The main idea of this passage is about ____.

A.    the advantages of China’s printing

B.    the history of movable type writing

C.    the development of China’s printing

D.    the spread of China’s printing

49. The underlined word in the third paragraph probably means____.

A. features     B. benefits    C. disadvantages   D. styles

50. According to the passage, which of the following is right in order of time?

① lead type printing  ② copper type printing  ③movable clay type printing  ④ wooden type printing  ⑤block printing    ⑥ stone-tablet rubbing

A. ①⑥③④   B. ⑥⑤③④  C. ④⑥③①   D. ⑥④②⑤

第二节；书面表达（满分25分）

假设你叫李平，你的美国笔友 来信询问你的五一假期安排。请根据表格中的信息给他回信，说明你的计划和理由。

注意：词数 100左右

----- Now that you like the portable personal computer so much, why not buy one? It is of great use to your work.

  ---- Well, I can’t afford _____ computer at present．

A. a such cheap              B. so expensive a 

C. so an expensive            D. so cheap

. People always hate betting on football. __________ to our joy, our legal authority took action at length.

A．Ever　　　    B．Little           C．Much　　　　D．Even

Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ________ so much fried chicken just now.

A． shouldn’t eat                     B.  mustn’t have eaten   

C .  shouldn’t have eaten               D.  mustn’t eat

It was not until I started my own career that I realized      precious time I had wasted before.

       A. so                     B. how                         C. what                 D. that

Why People Get Tattoos

Jack lay, quiet and unmoving, for thirty minutes while a stranger repeatedly stabbed (刺) him with sharp needles, causing blood to pour steadily out of his leg. Jack was getting a tattoo. His friend Tony had  recently gotten a tattoo, and Jack was so impressed by it that he decidedto get one too. Peer pressure, media influence, and personal expression are some of the common reasons for wearing tattoos today.

The desire to be accepted by one’s friends or peers can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group. Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group. Some of these groups wear only brand–name clothes. Others wear tattoos. When a person’s friends are all doing something, that person is more likely to do the same thing.

The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America. A wide variety of media images (人物，图像) show tattoos－people appearing in commercials selling expensive cars, famous sports heroes with tattoos in magazines, fashion models wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colorful patterns. These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value.

Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelings－in other words, to show their individuality (个性). A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders. A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a person's life.

As you can see, there are many reasons why young North Americans get tattoos. A tattoo can be part of a group's uniform, a sign of fashion or an expression of individuality. The decision to get a tattoo is most often a result of the influence of friends or media or the desire to express oneself. For Jack, it was a mixture of all three.

45. Jack has got tattoos in order to ______.

      A. show his great bravery      B. gain a special experience

       C. make himself more healthy      D. be different from others

46. According to the passage, media images are linked to ______.

       A. traditional lifestyle   B. social position    C. cultural background    D. public interest

47. We can infer from the passage that ______.

       A. some people get tattoos out of pressure   

       B. tattoo is related to religious belief

       C. getting tattoos costs a lot of money 

       D. most people with tattoos are artists

48. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP: Central Point     P: Point     Sp: Sub – point (次要点)    C: Conclusion

第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分40分）

第一节：完成句子（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

       阅读下列各小题，根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。

71．I still wonder what it was _______ （令他失望） badly．Shall we go and comfort him? （let）

72．Eventually they all accepted his proposal that the meeting _______ （推迟）．（put）

73．We are kept _______ （了解） what is happening in the world by reading newspapers and watching TV．（inform）

74．Barack Obama will deliver a speech to 1000 local youths during his visit to Shanghai, _______ （大多数学生来自） Fudan University and Tongji University, （belong）

75．The 2010 Shanghai World Exposition _______ （举办） with the "Better City, Better Life" as the theme will be the biggest ever event, （hold）

76．_______ （刚下飞机） the plane than he found himself surrounded by the reporters .（get）

77．_______ （她不理解） what I meant really worried me a lot．（figure）

78．Recently I _______ （忙于） writing my academic paper．I will need at least three days to finish it．（occupy）

79．It is already 12:30 now, but dad hasn't come back．He _______ （肯定遇到） the traffic jam on his way home．（catch）

80．_______ （没有认识到） the mistakes in his test paper, he didn't do well in the exam．（aware）

Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands.’’ Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.’’ He is said to be “undersized.’’ with“short legs’’ and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description — it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：Other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose — and that is the point.

It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812, Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry：Doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.’’

Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s … face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently ….” To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?’’ said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.

Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.

51. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is ____   _______   ____.

A. far from the historical facts                   B. based on the Russian history

C. based on his selection of facts                 D. not related to historical details

52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because _________.

A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms

B. the Tsar's peace terms were hard to accept

C. the Russians stopped his military movement

D. he didn’t have any more army to fight with

53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?

A. To walk out of the room in anger.           B. To show agreement with him.

C. To say something about the Tsar.             D. To express his admiration.

54. Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _____   ______   ____.

A. ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests

B. fond of showing off his iron will

C. determined in destroying all of Europe   

D. crazy for power and respect

55. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A. A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings.

B. A writer may write about a hero in his own way.

C. A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.

D. A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.

. Common people always hold the view       the experts say is right.

       A. what that         B. that what           C. that         D. all which