The Book of Life

     So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species（物种）, and that’s just a small number of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other living things coveting the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of grass is growing by the roadside or what kind of bird just flew by.

     A soon-to-be-started Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of Web-based Encyclopedia （百科全书）of Life（EoL）. The project aims to list every species on Earth in a single, easy-to-use reference guide.

To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases （数据库） that already exist. And eventually, in special sections of the site, non-scientists with specialized knowledge will come to help. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input what birds they’ve seen and where. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it.

      As the EoL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature （以……为特色）special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems in their neighborhoods. Another convenient feature of the EoL is that you’ll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interests, age, and knowledge.

       It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed up that Process.

60. The Web-based EoL aims to__________ .

A. find out what covers the earth         B. list all living things on Earth

C. work out the number of birds          D. save the existing plants

61. One characteristic of the EoL is that__________ .

A. it is run by school students                                   B. it focuses on different types of grass

C. it provides different levels of information              D. it allows non-scientists to review its data

62. In the last paragraph, "that process" means__________ .

A. analyzing species      B. creating a new tool    C. collecting data   D. describing species

That’s all I have to say. Is there anything you’d like to______ ，Terry？

A. talk           B. require        C. add           D. deliver

      Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.

     Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.

      Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.

      Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.

      Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.

68. The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals________.

A. are not tall enough             B. like the lower leaves only

C. are not clever enough        D. can get the lower leaves easily

69. To defend themselves, oak trees use________.

A. chemical means                     B. physical means

C. bitter chemicals                     D. sandy materials

70. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?

A. Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.

B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.

C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.

D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.

71. What would be the best title for this passage?

A. Plants and Animals            B. How Plants Defend Themselves

C. Attacks and Defenses       D. How Animals Eat Plant Leaves

Always read the __ on tile bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.

A. explanations     B. instructions   C. descriptions     D. introductions

During the years of depression(萧条), food and money were very hard to find and people had to trade things with each other.  

One day I was   36   some potatoes from Mr Miller. I noticed a small poor boy hungrily   37   a full basket of   38    green peas. Then I was  39   to see that Mr Miller sold the boy a bag of peas   for just a marble (弹球).

Mrs Miller, who had been standing nearby,    40   and told me that Mr Miller loved to  trade with the three boys in the village for peas, tomatoes, and other things  41   he didn’t really need any marbles. I left the stand, smiling to myself,   42   by this man.

   Several years went by. One day I learned that Mr Miller had died. I took part in the funeral(葬礼),  43   three young men . They came over to Mrs Miller, hugged her, kissed her on the cheek, spoke with her and moved on,   44   their eyes.

Our 45   came to meet Mrs Miller. I mentioned 46   she had told me about the 47 . She told me,“Those three young men above were the boys I told you about. They just told me   48  they appreciated the things Jim‘traded’with them. Now, at last, they came to pay their debt.”  

 “We’ve 49   had a great deal of the wealth in this world,” she added, “but right now, Jim would consider himself to be the  50   man.”

Then she gently lifted the   51   fingers of her husband. Resting underneath were three red marbles.

At that time I realized that we would not be  52    by our words, but by our kind  53  . It is said that it takes a minute to find a    54   person, an hour to appreciate him, a day to love him, but an entire life to  55   him.

                                                                                              James Barry

36.A.buying                 B. selling                      C.borrowing                 D. hunting

37.A.glaring at                  B. glanced at                 C. staring at                  D.watched at

38. A. picking fresh      B.freshly picked            C. picked freshly           D.fresh dried

39. A. astonished           B. amazed                    C. annoyed                   D.worried

40.A.turned over           B.going over                 C. came over                D.coming over

41.A.but                       B. otherwise                 C. or                                D. although

42.A.suspected              B.impressed                  C.regreted                    D.embarrassed

43.A.saw                      B.discovering                C.finding                   D.seeing

44.A.closing                 B.wiped                       C.cleaning                    D.wiping

45.A. time                    B. chance                     C. turn                         D. decision

46.A. the story             B. the proverb           C. the legend                  D. the joke

47.A. marbles               B. men                         C. debt                         D. life

48.A.why                    B. how                         C. when                       D. what

49.A. ever                    B. always                         C. never                       D.seldom

50.A. honest                 B. happiest                   C. coldest                         D. richest

51.A. lifeless                B. regretless                  C. useless                         D. hopeless

52.A. thought               B. touched                    C. remembered             D. affected

53.A.deeds                   B. things                      C. remarks                    D.rewards

54.A. strict                   B. honest                      C. special                            D. learned

55.A.ignore                  B. forget                      C. recognize                 D.remind

A new weapon is on the way in the fight against smoking in Europe. Soon when smokers buy cigarettes, they might see a shocking photo of a blackened lung or a cancer patient staring back at them from the packet.

       Some boys may think of smoking as cool and sexy. Their friends won’t agree when they see their packets of cigarettes lying on the table.

The European Union announced on October 22, that it had chosen 42 photos that showed the damage cigarettes could do to the body. It called on member nations to put these pictures on packets to discourage young smokers.

To catch the attention of teenagers, the special packets warn of long-term medical dangers, like cancer. Short-term effects, like bad skin, are also on the list.

“The true fact of smoking is disease, death and horror. That is the message we should send to the young,” said David Byrne, an EU health official. “Hopefully these pictures will shock students out of their love for cigarettes.”

The EU head office hoped the pictures would work better than current written warnings on packs of cigarettes. The warning included “smoking kills” and “smoking can lead to a slow and painful death.”

So far, Ireland and Belgium have shown interest in the photos. Canada has used similar pictures and warnings on cigarette packs since 2000. The country has recently seen a fall in the number of smokers.

According to studies, smoking is the single biggest cause of avoidable death in EU. Every year more than 650,000 smokers die, more than one person a minute.

20．What would be the best title for the text?

       A. New Ways to Stop Smoking.                         B. Pictures to Shock Smokers.

       C. New Packers of Cigarettes.                            D. Dangers of Smoking.

21．Which of the following is NOT the true face of smoking?  

       A. Disease.                   B. Death.                      C. Horror.                    D. Happinese.

22．We can learn from the test that _______.

       A. The EU countries have put the new warning method into practice

       B. only a small number of the EU countries have used the new warning method

       C. the new warning method has worked in some EU countries

       D. countries in the EU still use the old warning method

23．Which country is most successful in stopping smoking?

       A. Ireland.                    B. Belgium.                  C. Canada.                    D. EU

24．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggests that ________.

       A. It’s hard to stop smoking in EU

       B. deaths caused by smoking could have been avoided

       C. smoking is the biggest cause of deaths in EU

       D. EU has the largest number of deaths caused by smoking

A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them.

 A student of music needs as long and arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm----????????two entirely different movements. Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner's responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts（使面对）student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with fanatical but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.

19. In writing this passage, the purpose of the author is ___________.

   A. to tell us we use different sense at paints and music

   B. to recommend music needs more technique

   C. to inform us that to become a musician needs long and arduous training

   D. for the students who are to go in for music

20. If you are a string performer, you have to _____________.

   A. use your left hand to draw the bow and the right to move up and down

   B. have your both hands perform the same movements.

   C. own technique, musical knowledge and understanding

   D. practice more and more without any training

21. The problem of getting clear texture is that ____________.

  A. confronts student conductors

  B. the student conductors have to know every note and how it should sound and how to control the sounds fanatically.

 C. the sounds are too easy to control

 D. the composer’s work cannot be seen on the wall.

22. According to the passage, _______________.

 A. a composer cannot perform the music at all.

 B a composer has to utterly depend on student conductors

 C. student conductors need more training and knowledge on music to be great artists.

 D. Great artists are thoroughly at home in the language of music.

The suit’s finished, ___?

A.doesn’t it       B. isn't it      C. haven't it     D. hasn't it

The doctor __ my father not to smoke again.

A. allowed for   B. let    C. advised    D.made

Because the children keep interrupting her whenever she reads a book, she is always _____ her place.

A. loosing B. missing C. losing  D. looking for