“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.” said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.

　　In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with（设法处理） the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn’t get the job done.

　　Stress that you can manage may also boost immune(免疫的) function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects believed they had control over the outcome. In the second, they weren’t in control: They had to sit through a gory(血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those who did go on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that's the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.

　　Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones（荷尔蒙）. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,” says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.

“Sustained stress is not good for you,” says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity(长寿), “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.”

1. The passage is mainly about ________.

A. the benefits of manageable stress

B. how to avoid stressful situations

C. how to cope with stress effectively

D. the effects of stress hormones on memory

2. The underlined word “shun” (Line 1, Para.1) most probably means________.

A. cut down on

B. stay away from

C. run out of

D. put up with

3. We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that ________.

A. people under stress tend to have a poor memory

B. people who can’t get their job done experience more stress

C. doing challenging work may be good for one’s health

D. stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs

4. Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that ________.

A. a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body

B. stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain

C. short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function

D. a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stress

．— Hi, Maria! I got the first place in the exam. 

— ______!  Everyone knows you cheated and you just copied Tony’s.

A. Congratulations   B. Come on    C. Good luck     D. Cheer up

       Stand over there ________ you’ll be able to see it better.

       A. or       B. while  C. but     D. and

It was a pity that the great writer died with his work _______.

       A. to be finished                                                     B. finished                   

       C. unfinished                                                          D. not having been finished

The price went up and down        .

       A．coming the living standard     B．the living standard came

       C．the living standard was coming      D．came the living standard

Findings from a new study were presented at a recent meeting of the American Psychosomatic Society. Researchers in the United States studied one hundred thousand women during an eight-year period, beginning in nineteen ninety-four. All of the women were fifty years of age or older. The study was part of the Women’s Health Initiative organized by the National Institutes of Health.

The women were asked questions that measured their beliefs or ideas about the future. The researchers identified each woman’s personality eight years after gathering the information.

The study found that hopeful individuals were fourteen percent less likely than other women to have died from any cause. The hopeful women were also thirty percent less likely to have died from heart disease after the eight years.

Hilary Tindle from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pennsylvania was the lead author of the report. She said the study confirmed earlier research that linked optimistic feelings to longer life.

The researchers also gathered information about people’s education, financial earnings, physical activity and use of alcohol or cigarettes. Independent of those things, the findings still showed that optimists had less of a chance of dying during the eight-year period.

Some women who answered the questions were found to be cynically hostile, or highly untrusting of others. These women were sixteen percent more likely to die than the others. They also were twenty-three percent more likely to die of cancer.

The study also found that women who were not optimistic were more likely to smoke and have high blood pressure or diabetes. They were also more likely not to exercise.

Professor Tindle says the study did not confirm whether optimism leads to healthier choices, or if it actually affects a person’s physical health. She also says the study does not prove that negative emotions or distrust lead to bad health effects and shorter life. Yet there does appear to be a link that calls for more research.

1. What’s the purpose of carrying out the study?

A. To gather information for the National Institutes of Health.

B. To find out the relationship between women’s personality and their health.

C. To decide who is more likely to enjoy happier life.

D. To identify each woman’s personality 8 years after gathering the information.

2. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. It’s uncertain whether optimism affects a person’s physical health.

B. Negative emotions do cause shorter life.

C. The connection between personality and health has been established.

D. The more optimistic you are, the longer life you may enjoy.

3. According to the passage, who is more likely to die of cancer?

A. A woman who has high blood pressure or diabetes.

B. A woman who doesn’t exercise.

C. A woman who has poor physical health.

D. A woman who always doubts what others say.

4. Which of the following is true?

A. American Psychosomatic Society organized the new study.

B. Women who were optimistic were less likely to smoke.

C. More questions were given than those measuring women’s beliefs or ideas.

D. Hopeful women were 16% less likely to die from heart disease.

Bill, often regarded as one of the best students in his class, ____ to be the student who cheated in the exam.

A. came out                 B. let out                      C. sent out 　　    D. turned out

Peter was sure that__________he drank any more of this good red wine he would fall asleep.

       A．if           B．when         C．as          D．since

第二节：完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

       It was raining. I went into a café and asked for a coffee.   21   I was waiting for my drink, I realized there were other people in the place, but I sensed   22  . I saw their bodies, but I couldn’t feel their souls   23   their souls belonged to the   24  .

    I stood up and walked between the tables. When I came to the biggest computer, I saw a thin, small man   25   in front of it. “I’m Steve,” he finally answered after I asked him a couple of times what his name was. “I can’t talk with you. I’m   26  ,”he said. He was chatting online and,   27  , he was playing a computer game—a war game. I was   28  .

    Why didn’t Steve want to talk with me? I tried   29   to speak to that computer geek(怪人),   30   not a word came out of his mouth. I touched his shoulder, but no reaction(反应). I was   31  . I put my hand in front of the monitor, and he started to shout, “   32  !”

    I took a few steps back, wondering if all those people in the café were looking at me. I   33  , and saw nobody showed any interest.

      34  , I realized that the people there were having a nice conversation with their machines, not with people. They were more   35   having a relationship with the   36  , particularly Steve. I wouldn’t want to   37   the future of human beings if they preferred sharing their lives with machines   38   with people.

    I was worried and sank in my thoughts. I didn’t even   39   that the coffee was bad,   40   Steve didn’t notice there was a person next to him.

21. A. Before                    B. Since                       C. Although                  D. While

22. A. pain                          B. loneliness                 C. sadness                     D. fear

23. A. because                   B. when                       C. until                        D. unless

24. A. home                         B. world                    C. Net                          D. Café

25. A. sleeping                         B. laughing                   C. sitting                   D. learning

26. A. busy                          B. thirsty                   C. tired                        D. sick

27. A. first of all                  B. just then                   C. at the same time     D. by that time

28. A. surprised                    B. delighted                  C. moved                         D. frightened

29. A. once                          B. again                       C. first                         D. even

30. A. but                                B. so                            C. if                          D. or

31. A. excited                   B. respected                  C. afraid                       D. unhappy

32. A. Shut up                         B. Enjoy yourself       C. Leave me alone      D. Help me out

33. A. walked about              B. walked out            C. raised my hand        D. raised my head

34. A. From then on             B. At that moment      C. In all                       D. Above all

35. A. interested in            B. tired of                    C. careful about            D. troubled by

36. A. computer                   B. soul                         C. shop                        D. geek

37. A. tell                                B. plan                         C. imagine                    D. design

38. A. other than                  B. instead of                 C. except for                 D. as well as

39. A. pretend                   B. understand             C. insist                        D. realize

40. A. as if                          B. just as                   C. just after                  D. even though

 — Don’t forget to take the message to my teacher.

    — ____.

    A. Yes, I will                           B. No, I won’t

    C. I don’t think so                     D. Sorry, I wouldn’t