The traffic slowed down because of the heavy snow in Yushu County, presenting a new ____ to the recovery from the earthquake．

A．suffering            B．disaster                  C．damage                D．challenge

— Did Peter fix the computer himself?

   — He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers.

A. has it fixed     B. had fixed it      C. had it fixed       D. fixed it

Mary: I think you should call Tom and say sorry to him.

    Ted:           ! It was his fault.

A. No way        B. No possible        C. No chance     D. Not at all.

When friends come to visit us in the evening, they spend their time telling us they are in a hurry and looking at their watches. It isn’t that our friends are all very busy, it is just that we haven’t got a television. People think that we are very strange. “But what do you do in the evening?”，they are always asking. The answer is very simple. Both my wife and I have hobbies. We certainly don’t spend our evenings staring at the walls. My wife enjoys cooking and painting and often attends evening classes in foreign languages. This is particularly useful as we often go abroad for our holidays. I collect stamps and I’m always busy with my collection. Both of us enjoy listening to the music and playing chess together.

   Sometimes there are power cuts and we have no electricity in the house. This does not worry us, we just light candles and carry on with what we were doing before. Our friends, however, are lost---no television!---So they don’t know what to do. On such evenings our house is very full ---they all come to us. They all have a good time. Instead of sitting in silence in front of the television, everybody talks and plays games.

The couple have not got a television, because     .

      A. they are not rich enough         

       B. they are strange people

      C. they enjoy spending evenings in their own ways

      D. they don’t know what to do when there are power cuts

Both of them are interested in     .

       A. learning languages  B. traveling 

       C. staying home alone                D. watching people play games

At night when there is no electricity, the couple       .

       A. have to stare at the walls B. can do nothing but sit in silence

       C. will have many visitors  D. have to go out for candles

The best title for this passage is _____.

       A. Why Do We Need a Television?      B. Candle! But No Electricity!

       C. Different Friends, Different Hobbies.  D. We Go Without Televisions!

假如你叫李明，学习成绩优异，家境贫困，无力承担你进入大学学习的费用。但你却有幸成为某慈善机构的资助对象。现在，你已被一所重点大学所录取，请你给该慈善机构的负责人王女士写一封感谢信。信的内容包括：

目前的生活和学习情况；

大学毕业后的人生方向；

表达感激之情。

注意：1．信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

      2．应包括以上要点，可适当发挥；

3．词数：100词左右。

Dear Ms Wang,

I’m Li Ming. Two years ago, I received your letter and schooling fees.                       

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

                                                         Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

In his apartment there are two rooms, _____ is used as a living room.

A. larger one             B. the larger of which

C. the largest one          D. the largest of which

The first time I ________ here, it was the year of 1980; this is the third time that I _________ to Chongqing.

A. came; had visited             B. had come; visited     

C. came; have visited            D. had come; have visited

Jack ______ the bus as soon as it stopped; and then to his joy he met an old friend of his on that bus.

A. got on B. got into      C. got off       D. got out of

The story carries a strong message, _______ that will hopefully touch all who read it.

 A. any                        B. one                          C. it                             D. each

I keep hammering this because I keep seeing people who don’t do it.

1. Look up English to Elvish.

2. Look up the Elvish word in the best Elvish dictionary you have, and, preferably, find out the context（上下文） in Tolkien’s language dictionary.

3. Change the word to suit rules of grammar: singular or plural, mutations, verb tenses, etc.

You cannot leave out any of these steps. If you do, you’re almost certain to have errors. Why you have to do step 2:

Languages never match up one- to-one. English and Elvish are closer than usual, but there are still problems. And English has strange idioms: why are there no baths or beds in public bathrooms or restrooms? You can’t translate literally（逐字地）. You have to understand the meaning behind each word.

In Elvish this is even more true, since our dictionaries contain more or less questionable reconstructions, and words that Tolkien later threw away or replaced. Find the best one you can.

Consider the word “fair”. We tend to use it to mean “just”. Tolkien tends to use it to mean “beautiful”. In Elvish, these are two entirely different words. So when you look up “fair”, you’ll have to go to the Elvish dictionary to see that you’ve got the right one.

Consider the nightmare（噩梦） of He left the bar. Is “left” the opposite of “right” （which also has two meanings） ? Is “bar” extruded steel（型材钢）, or something to do with law? You have to know what words mean in both languages.

And you’d be amazed at how many people ignore step 3, forgetting that language is more than a string of words, and there are rules about how to fit those words together. You can’t simply look up the word “I” and use it everywhere. Sometimes you need “me” or “my”. There’s a reason it takes a while to learn a language: you have to learn the rules.

It drives me completely mad when people give a questionable translation they insist is right because “it’s in the dictionary”. A dictionary is a tool, a resource. but its entries（词目）should not be mistaken for a finished product. They are raw materials.

The underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refers to         .

A. consulting the dictionaries when translating between languages

B. finding out the true meaning in context

C. ignoring the rules of grammar

D. leaving out some of the three steps the author mentions

According to the author, you have to do step 2 because         .

A. you have to understand the meaning behind each word

B. Elvish and English are quite different in forms

C. there are no baths or beds in public bathrooms

D. Elvish has some words which are hard to find

Grammar is also very important because it         .

A. helps fit the words together

B. takes a while to learn a language

C. is a rule to obey

D. is often forgotten in translating

In the last paragraph, the author shows         .

A. his impatience to those who insist their wrong translation is right

B. his puzzle to the questionable translation

C. the importance of the correct use of dictionaries

D. the mistaken entries in the dictionaries

The passage is mainly about how to         .

A. learn a foreign language with a dictionary

B. avoid errors when looking up a dictionary

C. understand the meaning of a strange word

D. use a dictionary to translate between languages