People with disabilities make up a large part of the population．It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities．About half of these disabilities are “developmental", i．e．, they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc．Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i．e．, accidental or caused by outside forces．

       Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long．Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable．Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment．Unfortunately, these basics are often not available．Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability．

       In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（违反；侵犯）of civil rights．Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes．

       Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently．It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed．About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level．

       Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society．For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships．

       Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society．

1．A “developmental" disability ______．

       A．develops very slowly over time

       B．is caused by forces

       C．occurs in youth and affects development

       D．is getting more and more severe

2．Most disabled people used to die early because ______．

       A．disabilities destroyed major bodily functions

       B．they were not very well looked after

       C．medical techniques were not available

       D．they were too poor to get proper treatment

3．In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, ______．

       A．more laws should be passed

       B．public attitudes should be changed

       C．government should provide more aids

       D．more public facilities should be set up

4．Which of the following cannot be inferred（推断）from the passage ?

       A．Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life．

       B．The public tends to look down upon the disabled people．

       C．The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them．

       D．Discriminatory laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others．

5．The best title for this passage might be ______．

       A．Handicaps（不利条件；障碍；）of People with Disabilities

       B．The physical difficulties of the Disabled

       C．The Causes for Disabilities

       D．Medical Treatments for Disabilities

The quality of drinking water in Shanghai will meet European Union standard by 2010 and, a decade later, citizens in Shanghai will drink the best water in the world．

       These were the goals set out by the Shanghai Water Authority．With the city’s population expected to increase only slightly and the economy to boom by 2020, Chen Yin, and official with the water authority, said Shanghai’s water consumption will not increase from its present amount．

       Zhang Yue, director of the Urban Construction Division under the Ministry of Construction, said, “Shanghai is the first city in the country to publicize these ambitions．They will not be easy to achieve．”

       He said water saving will help keep the sustainable development of China’s economy．

       Saving one cubic meter of water means saving the city’s infrastructure（基础设施）costs by 10,000 Yuan．Last year, Shanghai saved 300 million cubic meters of water either from readjustment of industrial structure or the employment of new technology．

       “The aim is to arouse public awareness of the seriousness of water shortages,” Chen said．“The abundant surface water and amount of rain of the city are so misleading that they result in improper use of water．”

       Shanghai lacks drinkable water．The Huangpu River, which supplies 80 percent of the city’s drinkable water, is nearing exhaustion．

       The city, therefore, has been exploring new sources from the Yangtze River and growing forests along it to conserve quality water．

       Besides penning regulations, the authority is popularizing technology among the public to efficiently cut the amount of water used．

       At present, the city has 600，000 family toilets, each using 13 liters of water per flush．These are to be renovated（整修）to use only 9 liters of water per flush．

       The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households – at a cost of 40 Yuan each．

       In three years, all the toilets will be renovated, which saves the city nearly 15 million Yuan every year in water conservation．

       Another task the city is engaged in is the treatment of sewage（污水）to improve the water environment．

       At present the city can only treat 44 percent of its daily 5．04 million tons of waste water．To meet the total demand, 27 more sewage treatment factories are to be established with an estimated investment of 18 billion Yuan．

1．People in Shanghai get their daily water mainly from _______now．

       A．the underground                                  B．the rain

       C．the Yangtze River                                 D．the Huangpu River

2．According to the passage, some people have the wrong opinion of using water because      ．

       A．the renovating of family toilets will save plenty of water

       B．about half of waste water has been treated already

       C．advanced technology makes people use water as much as possible

       D．there is plenty surface water and large amount of rain at present

3．The authority is renovating the first 200 toilets for households to          ．

       A．make people’s living more convenient

       B．improve people’s living standards

       C．ease employment pressure

       D．meet the total demand of water

4．Which group of measures are all mentioned in the passage to save water?

       a．improve drinking water quality

       b．change some industrial structure

       c．introduce or use some new technology

       d．speed the economic development of Shanghai

       e．renovate some family toilets

       f．build more sewage treatment factories

       A．a, b, c, d                                             B．b, c, e, f

       C．b, c, d, e                                             D．a, b, e, f

5．We can infer from the passage that_____________．

       A．the boom of economy will need a larger amount of water in the future

       B．citizens today in Shanghai drink the best quality of water in the world

       C．not everyone today in Shanghai is aware of water shortage

       D．all the family toilets will be renovated to save water within 3 years

Many Chinese students studying abroad like to stay with host families to learn their language and culture. Nowadays, many Shanghai white-collar workers have received native English-speaking   1    （national） students as their host families, too, in order to learn English from them．

       It is usually free for foreign students to stay in a host family in Shanghai, but he/she must take   2   the responsibility of teaching English to at least one certain members of the family．Miss Li has always worried about her   3   （limit） English．“I never knew what to say to an English-speaking person,” said she．She has taken a number of English courses, but   4   has proved to be useful．Last year, she saw  5    advertisement recruiting（征募） host families for foreign students, and that was how Carey （from Chicago, US） came to her home．Carey is actually not a student, but a manager．She stays in Li's apartment for free,  6    has to teach Li oral English for 1 hour every day．“She could hardly speak Chinese at the beginning, and we had to guess   7   each other meant through gestures, ”said Li．

       Two months later, they could talk to each other   8   gesticulating（做手势）．Now, Li can communicate with any English-speaking person freely．About one hundred Shanghai families have received foreign boarding students, and the figure   9   （rise）．However, foreign boarding students can only help improve oral English, but   10   examination skills．

根据提供的首字母和中文填入相应的单词

1．He wandered around Tibet for about twp months．His experience is u_______．（难以置信）

2．With the test a_________,（临近） the atmosphere in the class is getting tense．

3．She has the qualification for being a________ （录取）to the college．

4．This scheme enables you to b________ （预算） cost through fixed monthly payments．

5．Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher．In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher r_______．（阶层）

6．Cycling is highly b__________（有益）to health and the environment．

7．The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, and there was frost on the ground, c______ （证明） that fall had arrived in Canada．

8．It’s said that the building is m_________ （模仿） after the great pyramid．

9．She considers teaching a w_________（值得的） job．

10．People say Vancouver is Canada’s most beautiful city, s_______（包围） by mountains and the

根据中文意思，用所学词组写出正确的英语形式

1．忏悔之后他觉得好过一点，并且能轻松入睡了。

       After confession he feels a little better and can sleep ______　______．

2．她在学习以提高自己的代数水平。

       She was studying to ______　______ her algebra．

3．财务负责人必须说明交给他的钱是怎样用的。

       The treasurer has to　______　______ the money paid to him．

4．它还可指冲突或不和，常涉及暴力行动。

       It can also _______ ________ a conflict or disagreement, often involving violence

5．什么，应该量入为出？——我们虽然穷，哈里，可我们还没穷到那么糟糕呢。

       Live within our means? ――Ｗe may be poor, Harry, but we are not that 　______　______．

假如你叫王芳，准备参加学校举办的“我给市长提建议”英语作文大赛。请你结合下表提示，用英语给市长（Mayor）写一封信。

       写作要求：

       只能用5句话表达全部的内容。

My best friend is Cocoa, and I live in a senior-citizen apartment．Cocoa is a ten-year-old dog and I am a sixty-nine-year-old lady, so you can see we both qualify as   1  citizens.

 He is a   2  companion．He does many amusing things that make me  3  , and when that happens, he is so delighted  4  he just keeps it up.

 But one afternoon, Cocoa started acting strangely．I was sitting on the floor playing with him,  5  he started pawing and smelling at the right side of my  6  ．He had never done anything like this ever before, and I told him, “No.” To Cocoa, one “no” is usually  7 , but not that day．He stopped briefly, and then  8   ran toward me, throwing his entire weight at the right side of my chest．He crashed into me and I cried in   9  , falling down to the floor．Soon after this, I felt a lump （肿块）．I went to my doctors, and after X-rays  10   and lab work were done, they told me I had cancer.

 When cancer starts, a  11   of calcium （钙） builds．Then the lump or cancer attaches itself to this wall．When Cocoa jumped on me, the force of the impact broke the lump away from the wall．This made it possible for me to  12   the lump.

 I had a complete mastectomy （乳房切除术） and the cancer has not  13  to any other part of my body．The doctors told me if the cancer had gone undetected even six more months, it would have been too  14  .

 Was Cocoa  15   of just what he was doing? I’ll never really know．What I do know is that Cocoa not only shares his life with me, he has also made sure that I will be around to share my life with him!

1．A．good                     B．standard              C．senior                 D．great

2．A．wonderful             B．tiring                   C．hungry                D．bad

3．A．leave                     B．cry                     C．laugh                  D．jump

4．A．as                         B．when                  C．and                     D．that

5．A．when                    B．then                    C．though                D．as

6．A．chest                    B．body                   C．shoulder              D．arm

7．A．right                     B．good                   C．enough                D．unexpected

8．A．hurriedly               B．rudely                 C．slowly                 D．suddenly

9．A．pain                      B．surprise               C．trouble                D．danger

10．A．experiments         B．researches           C．tests                   D．papers

11．A．wall                    B．cancer                 C．body                   D．number

12．A．watch                 B．have                    C．get                      D．notice

13．A．ran                     B．kept                    C．entered                D．spread

14．A．common             B．late                     C．much                  D．early

15．A．ashamed              B．aware                  C．afraid                  D．tired

People can call 911 when they need help．The police will come quickly．This phone number should be used only  1  an emergency．But there have been some problems with people using the 911 phone number． 2  than half of the calls made to it are an accident．These accidental calls are not real emergencies.

Calling 911 when you do not need  3  can be very bad．It wastes the time of the people answering the calls．It can even force someone  4 has a real emergency to wait before  5  （get） the help they need.

Many accidental 911 calls come from cellphones．Sometimes keys on the phone  6  （push） and the call goes through without the owner of the phone knowing that he has called an emergency number．People are trying to find  7  way to solve this problem.

They are testing a new program that might help solve the problem of accidental 911 calls．This program will make  8  （call） of 911 calls push another key on the phone  9  it is a real emergency．People hope that this change  10  （reduce） the number of accidental 911 calls going through.

A long time ago, before there was any money （coins or paper money）, people got the things that they needed by trading or exchanging．Salt was one of the first items used to exchange for other items．Later, some of the common things that were used for exchanging were tea leaves, shells, feathers, animal teeth, tobacco, and blankets．Around 3000 BC, barley, a type of grain, was used for exchanging.

The world’s first metal money was developed by the Sumerians who melted silver into small bars all weighing the same．This was around 1000 BC．About three hundred years later, people started using coins as official money．

Around 640 BC, people in the ancient kingdom of Lydia （ which was in Turkey） created special coins of exact with and purity （纯度）．They were made of gold and silver and were stamped with a lion’s head.

Later, other empires such as Greece, Persia, and Rome adopted the concept of coins and started developing their own in many different shapes and different metals.

Around the year 1000, the Chinese started using paper money．The Chinese were the first to use paper money．The Europeans discovered this thanks to Marco Polo who went to China in 1295．the Chinese had different values for the paper notes which were made by the Chinese government.

Around 1661, Sweden became the first European country to make paper money．Until 1850, the Spanish dollar was the coin most widely used throughout the world.

1．What is the best title for this passage?

       A．The history of money

       B．How people traded in the past

       C．The invention of paper money

       D．The use of coins around the world

2．We learn that before coins and paper money were used, _____.

       A．barley had always been used for exchanging

       B．only a few people knew how to trade with others

       C．salt was the most widely used item for exchanging

       D．many kinds of things were used for exchanging

3．According to the passage, when did people start using coins as official money?

       A．Around 1300 BC．                              B．Around 1000 BC.

       C．Around 700 BC．                                D．Around 640 BC.

4．The underlined word “adopted” in Paragraph 4 probably means “____”.

       A．replaced              B．changed              C．accepted             D．invented

5．Which of the following countries first started to use paper money?

       A．Spain              B．China              C．Sweden          D．Lydia

Don’t be surprised when strangers talk to you in Canada! You will find that many Canadians will smile at you as they pass in the street, or say something to you like “Hi!” or “How’s it going?” Just reply with something similar．In the UK the reply would be “I’m fine”, but in Canada they say “I’m good”.

In company, when someone is offering you a second helping of food or more wine, if you don’t want any more, use the same expression— “I’m good”．In this case, it means “No, thank you．I’ve had enough”．Most Canadians don’t press you to eat more than you want.

In restaurant, your plate will be cleared away almost immediately you have finished eating．When you go into a shop or store, the shop assistant asks you how you are or if they can help you, it is their way of being friendly and making conversation with the customers.

Canadians eat early and go home early．When you are invited to a Canadian’s home, you may be asked to arrive at 5:30 pm or 6 pm．But guests in Europe don’t expect to arrive until 7:30 pm or 8 pm．Remember to take off your shoes and leave them inside the door without being asked．It’s not a religious custom, but it’s practical．In winter, there can be a lot of snow and dirt on your shoes, once you are in the warm house it melts and falls off, making a mess．Canadians tend to have light colored carpets or hardwood floors.

If you’re invited for dinner, it will be a full sit- down meal．Meat is usually barbecued in the freezing cold of winter．Do take something with you, like a bottle of wine．Arrive on time and don’t stay over 10 pm.

1．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

       A．“I’m good” can mean you do not need more food in Canada.

       B．In Canada, you will meet strangers in the street saying “Hi” to you.

       C．In a Canadian restaurant, the plates will stay at the table until you leave.

       D．Canadians usually say “I’m good” to answer the greeting of “How’s it going?”

2．If you are invited for dinner in your Canadian friend’s home, ________.

       A．you will have a full sit-down meal

       B．you don’t have to bring any gift for the host

       C．you are expected to arrive at 7:30 or 8 pm

       D．you don’t have to take off your shoes when you enter the room

3．When a Canadian shop assistant says “How are you?” to you, it suggests that _______.

       A．they hope to make friends with you

       B．they want to ask you for help

       C．they are very friendly to customers

       D．they are your good friends

4．What can we learn from the passage?

       A．Canadians like dark colored carpets.

       B．In Canada, meat will not be barbecued even in the cold winter.

       C．You will always be asked to eat more food than you want in Canada.

       D．It is usually rude to stay over 10 pm in your Canadian friend’s home.

5．What would be the best title for this passage?

       A．Some customs in Canada

       B．Dinner party rules in Canada

       C．Studying in Canada

       D．Doing business in Canada