---I have no idea        his proposal was turned down by the committee．

---Me, either．

A．why it was that                                   B．how was it that

C．was it that why                                          D．it was that how

When we sleep is       cultural as biological-and practices differ greatly round the globe．

A．that much               B．so much             C．too much           D．as much

Fifteen years spent in the field of education has provided me with many treasured moments．One of the most unforgettable   1   when I was teaching second grade 10 years ago．

In May I decided to plan something special for the children; a Mother’s Day tea．We had put our   2   together to come up with ideas of how to   3   our mothers．We practiced singing songs, memorized poems and wrote cards． We decided to hold our tea the Friday before Mother’s Day．I was surprised and   4   to learn that every mother was planning to attend．I   5   invited my own mother．

Finally, the big day arrived． Each child lined up at our classroom door,   6  the arrival of his or her mom．   7   it got closer to starting time, I looked around and my eyes quickly found Jimmy．His mother hadn’t   8   up and he was looking upset．

I took my mother   9  the hand and walked over to Jimmy．“Jimmy,” I said, “I have a bit of problem here and I was   10   if you could keep my mother   11   while I’m busy．”

My mom and Jimmy sat at a table．Jimmy   12   my mom her treats, presented her with the gift I had made, just as we had   13   the day before．Whenever I looked over, my mother and Jimmy were in deep   14  ．

Last year, I took a senior class on a field trip, and there was Jimmy, I had the students complete an outline of the day’s   15   and an evaluation of our trip．Then I collected the students’ booklets and checked them to see if   16   was completed．When I came to Jimmy’s   17  , he had written “Remember our Mother’s Day tea we had in second grade, Mrs., Marra? I do! Thanks for all you did for me, and thank your mother, too．”

I told him I really enjoyed what he had written．He looked rather embarrassed and   18   his own thanks and walked away．Suddenly he ran bark and gave me a big hug．

“Thanks again． No one even knew my mother didn’t   19   it．”

I ended my workday with a hug from a teenage boy who    20   stopped hugging teachers years ago．

1．A．lasted                    B．happened             C．experienced         D．described

2．A．heads                    B．brains                  C．minds                 D．hearts

3．A．love                      B．please                  C．respect                D．admire

4．A．astonished             B．worried               C．relieved               D．interested

5．A．even                     B．ever                    C．still                     D． once

6．A．expecting              B．hoping                 C．predicting            D．supposing

7．A．Although               B．As                      C．While                  D．Because

8．A．set up                   B．picked up            C．turned up            D．held up

9．A．over                     B．to                       C．on                      D．by

10．A．considering          B．wondering           C．asking                 D．doubting

11．A．connection           B．safety                  C．company             D．concern

12．A．served                 B．supplied               C．assigned              D．applied

13．A．taught                 B．studied                C．practiced             D．told

14．A．mood                  B．thought               C．agreement           D．conversation

15．A．feeling                 B．behavior              C．events                 D．performances

16．A．something           B．everything           C．anything              D．nothing

17．A．page                   B．help                    C．side                    D．turn

18．A．announced           B．delivered              C．stated                  D．whispered

19．A．make                  B．get                      C．do                      D．take

20．A．probably              B．exactly                C．rarely                  D．fairly

I must have been about fourteen then, and I put away the incident from my mind with the

easy carelessness of  youth．But the words, Carl Walter spoke that day, came back to me years

later, and ever since have been of great value to me．

Carl Walter was my piano teacher． During one of my lessons he asked how much practicing I was doing．I said three or four hours a day．

"Do you practice in long stretches, an hour at a time?"

"I try to．"

"Well, don't," he exclaimed．"When you grow up, time won't come in long stretches．Practice in minutes, whenever you can find them five or ten before school, after lunch, between household tasks．Spread the practice through the day, and piano-playing will become a part of your life．"

When I was teaching at Columbia, I wanted to write, but class periods, theme-reading, and committee meetings filled my days and evenings．For two years I got practically nothing down on paper, and my excuse was that I had no time．Then I remembered what Carl Walter had said． During the next week I conducted an experiment．Whenever I had five minutes unoccupied, I sat down and wrote a hundred words or so．To my astonishment, at the end of the week I had a rather large manuscript ready for revision, later on I wrote novels by the same piecemeal method．Though my teaching schedule had become heavier than ever, in every day there were idle moments which could be caught and put to use．I even took up piano--playing again, finding that the small intervals of the day provided sufficient time for both writing and piano practice．

There is an important trick in this time--using formula: you must get into your work quickly．If you have but five minutes for writing, you can't afford to waste four chewing your pencil．You must make your mental preparations beforehand, and concentrate on your task almost instantly when the time comes．Fortunately, rapid concentration is easier than most of us realize．

I admit I have never learnt how to let go easily at the end of the five or ten minutes．But life can be counted on to supply interruptions．Carl Walter has had a tremendous influence on my life．To him I owe the discovery that even very short periods of time add up to all useful hours I need, if I plunge（投入）in without delay．

1．The meaning of “stretch” in the underlined part is the same as that in sentence “        ”．

      A．The forests in the north of the province stretch for hundreds of miles．

       B．Bob worked as a government official for a stretch of over twenty years．

       C．My family wasn’t wealthy by any stretch of the imagination．

       D．During his senior year his earnings far enough to buy an old car．

2．Which of the following statements is true?

　　A．The writer didn’t completely take the teacher’s words to heart at first．

　　B．Carl Walter has had a great influence on the writer's life since he became a student．

　　C．The writer owes great thanks to his teacher for teaching him to work in long stretches．

　　D．Rapid concentration is actually more difficult than most people imagine．

3．We can infer that the writer             ． 

       A．has new books published each year however busy his teaching is

      B．is always tired of interruptions in life because his teaching schedule is always heavy

      C．has formed a bad habit of chewing a pencil while writing his novels

       D．can find sufficient time for mental preparations beforehand, so he's devoted to work   instantly

4．What is the best title of this passage?

       A．Concentrate on Your Work           B．A Little at a Time

       C．How I Became a Writer                  D．Good Advice Is Most Valuable

What does it mean to day that we live in world of persuasion? It means that we live among

competing interests．Your roommate’s need to study for an exam take priority（优先）over pizza． Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade． And the object of your romantic interest may have other choices．

    In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view．When we persuade, we want to influence what others believe and how they behave．We may not always prevail（占优势）--other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case．But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves．

Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion．They may regard it as an unwelcome approach to their lives or as a control．In contrast, we believe that persuasion is inevitable--to live is to persuade．Persuasion may be moral or immoral, selfless or selfish, inspiring or discouraging．Persuaders may enlighten our minds or make us hurt．Moral persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners．Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make．Therefore, an essential part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other．

     Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is a need to society．The right to persuade and be persuaded is the basic principle of the American political system．

1．What’s the author’s attitude towards persuasion?

       A．Critical．            B．Uninterested．     C．Supportive．       D．Neutral．

2．The passage states that some people are against persuasion because they think it is       ．

       A．an unwelcome influence                       B．difficult to do well

       C．not trustworthy at all                            D．never successful

3．We can conclude from the passage that persuasion means         ．

       A．getting people to act according to your will

       B．exercising power over other people

       C．making use of your past wise experience

       D．getting other people to consider your reasonable points of view．

4．According to the passage, we can infer that            ．

      A．we can learn how to persuade in school

       B．only society can benefit from persuasion

       C．persuasion plays an important role in America

       D．persuasion is considered to be an inborn ability

George, when your big brother and your little dog and I walked you up to schools today, you

had no idea how I was feeling．

You were so excited．You had packed and unpacked your pencils and safety scissors in your backpack a dozen times．I am really going to miss those lazy mornings when we waved your brother and sister off to school．

Because you are my youngest, I had learned a few things by the time you came along． I found out that the seemingly endless days of babyhood are gone like lightning．I blinked（眨眼）, and your older siblings were setting off for school as eagerly as you did this morning, I was one of the lucky ones; I could choose whether to work or not．By the time it was your turn, the shining prizes of career advancement and a double income had lost their brightness．A splash（溅水） in the pool with you in your bright red boots or "just one more" rereading of your favorite book, Frog and Toad Are Friends, meant more．You didn't go to preschool and I hope that doesn't hold you back． You learned numbers by helping me count the soda cans we returned to the store．

I have to admit that in my mind's eye, an image of myself while you're in school has developed, I see myself updating all the photo albums and starting that novel I always wanted to write．As the summer wound down and more frequent quarrels erupted between you and your siblings, I was looking forward to today． And then this morning, I walked you up the steep hill to your classroom．You found the coat hook with your name above it right away, and you gave me one of your characteristically fierce, too-tight hugs．This time you were ready to let go before I was．

Maybe someday you will deliver a kindergartner to the first day of school．When you turn at the door to wave good-bye, he or she will be too deep in conversation with a new friend to notice．Even as you smile, you'll feel something warm on your cheek．

    And then, you’ll know…

1．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence?

       A．She gave up the job with a big salary and prizes．

       B．She could only recall her good job at home now．

       C．Many good jobs with better pay attracted her but she didn’t take them．

       D．Compared with bringing up the baby, work seemed to fade to her．

2．Which statement is NOT TRUE about George’s family according to the letter?

       A．George’s parents gave birth to three children

       B．The Georges is a double income family．

       C．The children had more arguments during the summer．

       D．They recyled soda cans．

3．The passage tries to show us          ．

       A．how excited a child will be on his first day to school

       B．how deeply a mother loves her child

       C．how many efforts a mother has made to raise a child

       D．how a mother plans her future life after her children go to school

Happiness and sadness are states of being states of being that define the way we view the world．It is often said that some people by nature have a sunny character．Now scientists may have discovered why．

Some people may be hard-wired for happiness, while others are genetically negative, as

scientists have suggested in a study published in late February, in a British journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B．

       Earlier research had already established that the gene known as 5-HTTLPR plays a key role in determining how the neurotransmitter （神经传递素） serotonin （血清素） works within the brain．Serotonin, a hormone （荷尔蒙）, passes chemical messages between nerve cells．It has been closely linked to mood．Several anti-depressant（抗抑郁）drugs regulate serotonin levels．Scientists had also identified three variants of the gene．Two so-called "short" variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and suicide attempts．Unlike the two "short" variants, the "long" variant of 5-HTTLPR showed a clear dislike of negative images, such as fierce animals, and a clear liking for positive ones, such as flowers．

Researchers from the University of Essex in Britain, led by Elaine Fox, showed participants a

series of images． The images were divided into three kinds: negative ones aimed at inspiring fear or stress such as a spider or person about to commit suicide, pleasant ones and neutral ones．

“The participants who had the long variant of the 5-HTTLPR gene showed a clear dislike of negative material alongside a careful attention for positive material,” the researchers found． They paid close attention to the pretty pictures, and ignored the frightening ones．On the other hand, the short variant groups had the opposite reaction．

In January, the Australian government organized "happiness workshops", teaching government taff how to be happy．The department that held the "happiness workshops" said unhappy staff weren't productive staff．Australian political opposition parties have argued that the "happiness workshops" are probably a waste of money and couldn't increase productivity as intended．However, whether the workshop will have a happy or disappointing result, we will have to wait and see．

1．Form the third paragraph, we know that          ．

       A．affected by 5-HTTLPR, the neurotransmitter serotonin works within the blood

       B．there are 5 variants of 5-HTTLPR genes which control people’s moods

       C．how the neurotransmitter serotonin works is greatly determined by 5-HTTLPR

       D．5-HTTLPR receives chemical messages from verve cells

2．What does “It” in the sentence “It has been closely linked to mood．” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?

       A．Serotonin．        B．A nerve cell．      C．5-HTTLPR．      D．The brain．

3．If a person had the long variant of 5-HTTLPR, he or she would probably          ．

       A．like the images of spiders                      B．prefer the images of crocodiles

       C．enjoy an image of green tress                D．suffer from depression very often

4．What can we infer from the passage?

       A．People’s moods can change a little bit under the influence of certain drugs．

       B．Researchers showed participants of the research two kinds of images．

       C．A person possesses one long and one short variant of 5-HTTLPR at the same time．

       D．The author firmly believes that “happiness workshops” will not change people’s moods．

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余

选项。

Most of us trade money for entertainment．  1  But if you think you can’t have a good time without spending lots of money, read on．You can find some new discoveries．

    Remember one sentence: the best things in nature are free．If you have the eyes to find fun

around you, though you have no money, you can have a great time!  2  Stroll through busy streets and see what everybody else is doing．You will probably see people from all over the world; you will certainly see people of every age, size, and shape, and you will get a free fashion show, too．Check the listings in your neighborhood newspaper．Local colleges or schools often welcome the public to hear an interesting speech or a good debate．   3  Be sure to check commercial advertisements in the newspapers, too．A flea market can provide hours of pleasant browsing．Perhaps you can find a free cooking or crafts demonstration in a department store．  4  It is always more pleasant not to have people in front of you in a museum or at a zoo． You may save some money, too, for these places often set aside one or two free admission days at slow times．

Pretend that you are a tourist traveling in this city from time to time, and get to know your city all over again including the sights that people travel miles to see．  5 

Just have a relaxed mind, and you will find entertainment no matter you have money or not．

A．However, money is not highly valued everywhere．

B．The film or concert series at the local public library probably will not cost you a penny．

C．It seems that nowadays we can only use money to enjoy ourselves．

D．Plan ahead for some activities．

E．It won’t cost much ready money, either．

F．With imagination and a spirit of adventure, you can easily find good entertainment at no cost at all．

G．People may be the most interesting show in a large city．

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：

1．每处错误及其修改仅限一词。

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Welcome to our college．I am principal of the college and I’d just like to say something while your teacher is preparing to show you up a short video about our lovely college．We are all very pleased what you have decided to study at our college．Some of us will be here for only a few weeks, for you can’t afford to waste any time in your studies．Learn to speak any language involves practicing that language as much as you can．So from today, I recommend you will speak only English．While you are here, you should consider making as many friend as possible with those come from other countries so that you don’t spend too much time speaking your own．Well, I think video is ready now．I hope get the opportunity to meet you all individual at lunch．

假定你是李华，你的一位美国的朋友Jane在中国学习中文两年，即将回国。现在由你给她发E-mail，邀请她参加为她举办的欢送会，要点如下：

1．祝贺她顺利通过考试，她的学习进步很大，为她骄傲；

2．感谢她帮助你们学习英语；

3．时间：星期六晚六点

4．地点：阳光俱乐部（The Sun Club）302房间

5．路线：在你所住宾馆门口乘坐332路公共汽车可直达。

注意：

1．须包括以上主要内容，可以适当增加细节，使内容连贯；

2．词数：100左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

3．参考词汇：欢送会——farewell party

Dear Jane,

Yours faithfully,

Li Hua