Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown． As ma——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown．

As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts．

They are advising all parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks．

Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused shortsightedness in animals．

Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also applies to humans．

A study of almost 300,000 young adults-the largest of its kind-showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January．

Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it was because prolonged illumination（光照） causes the eyeball to lengthen-causing short-sightedness．

Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be．

The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin（褪黑激素）, a pigment （色素） which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun．

In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape．

Sight expert Professor Daniel O’Leary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said “At the moment we don’t know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming shortsighted．”

1．Babies born in summer are more likely to be shortsighted ____________．

A．because the summer sun is too strong for babies

B．because babies born in summer have lengthened eyeballs

C．if they are exposed to much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born

D．if parents don’t know a proper way to protect their babies’ eyes

2．Melatonin is a kind of material to ___________．

A．prevent the eyes from becoming near-sighted

B．protect the skin from harmful sun rays

C．make our body strong

D．protect babies’ eyes from summer sun

3．From what Professor Daniel O’Leary says we can conclude that ___________．

A．there is no evidence that shortsightedness is related to exposure to sunlight

B．whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further proved

C．he believes that light exposure can cause shortsightedness

D．he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight

4．The underlined word “vulnerable” in the passage probably means __________．

A．easy to be harmed B．resistant

C．protective D．changeable

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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Why do some people have many friends while others do not? ___1___ However, it is not so．Let’s look at two psychological experiments which will give you the key to happy interpersonal relations．

The first experiment is called the “Hawthorne effect” after Hawthorne, Illinois（伊利诺斯[美国州名]）, where the experiment took place．A group of psychologists examined the work patterns of two groups of workers in the Western Electric Company．____2_____．The psychologists changed the working conditions for one group twice but left the other group alone．They were surprised to find that productivity increased on both occasions and in both groups．They concluded that the increase in productivity came from the attention given to the workers by the management．It had increased their motivation and so they had worked harder．In other words, if you take an interest in others, they will want to please you and you will have good relations with them．

___3___．After Martin Luther King, Jr was killed in 1960s, a teacher, Jane Elliott, living in an all- white town decided to help her class of young children understand why the Civil Rights Movement had been necessary in America．

She divided the class into two groups: one with blue eyes and other with brown eyes．Other eye colors such as hazel or green were excluded from his exercise．Then she told the class that brown-eyed people were cleverer than blue-eyed ones because of an agent（化学作用） for brown color found in their blood．Blue-eyed people were stupid, lazy and not to be trusted．Jane Elliott did not need to say any more．The brown-eyed students quickly got used to their new role as the leaders of the class．The blue-eyed students became quiet and withdrawn．Then she discovered something very interesting．Four poor brown-eyed readers began to read fluently in a way they had never done before．___4__．So if you want to be successful and happy, take an interest in others whether they are your classmates or workmates．Congratulate them on their success and sympathize with them in their troubles．___5___．

A．Before the experiment the management talked to both groups of workers and explained that they wanted to find the best working environment for them．

B．Remember that the way you treat others will decide their attitude and behavior to you．

C．The second experiment shows what happens to personal relations if you are rude to or ignore others．

D．The ones who have more friends usually are those who care about others．

E．Jane Elliott had shown that the way people are treated affects not only their behavior but also their confidence and their performance．

F．You may even imagine that this ability was something they were born with because it seems so effortless to them．

G．The second experiment tells us what teachers said had a great effect on the students．

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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加上一个漏字符号（∧）。并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．没处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My husband 96-year-old grandmother came to live with us for many years of independence．We did all the things we could make her feel comfortable, in our home, including giving her the private telephone line for their bedroom．One evening we were having a party while the phone rang．It was a telephone operator, who asked, “Do you have a grandmother on upstairs? “Yes, what was happened?” my husband replied．“Well,” the operator again continued, “She can't remember your phone number, and she like a cup of tea．”

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近来，越来越多的学生在校外租房而不愿住寝室。请根据下面提示，一分为二地写一篇短文，说说两者各自的好处与弊端，并发表你的观点。

1．学习时间和效果

2．安全性

3．自由性

4．与同学交往

注意：

1．两方面的理由至少要有两条。

2．寝室—dormitory

3．词数100左右。

Nowadays, some students______________________________________________________