In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of a comet. When the fragments landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet?

    The year is 2094. I t has been announced that a comet is heading towards the earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the Earth. The news has caused panic.

    On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushers towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.

    Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the Earth, but the north won’t escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.

    Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn’t survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end?

1．In which of the following sentences does the word “fragment” have the closest meaning in the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 ?

    A．I overheard fragments of their conversation.

    B．There are extant fragments of an old manuscript.

    C．She dropped the bowl on the floor and it broke into fragments.

    D．This play contains the fragment of a play by a famous writer.

2．Which of the following is not true according to the author’s description of the disaster in 2094?

    A．The whole world becomes extremely cold.

    B．All the coastal cities in Africa are destroyed.

    C．The whole mankind becomes extinct.

    D．The visit of the comet results in wars.

3．Why does the author mention dinosaurs at the end of the passage?

    A．Because they could only live in the warm climate.

    B．Because they once dominated the earth.

    C．Because their extinction indicates future disasters.

    D．Because dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age.

4．In writing the passage, the author intends to _______.

    A．give an accurate description of the possible disaster in the future

    B．prove that humans will sooner or later be destroyed

    C．tell the historical development of the Earth

    D．warn of a possible disaster in the future

Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.

The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolved round criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.

Little of his time is spent in chatting. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes.

Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminal is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks, little effort is spent on searching.

Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.

A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force, they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants, they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.

If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple—minded—as he see it—of citizens, social workers, doctors, law—makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detective feel, is that nine—tenths of their work is re—catching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.

1．A policeman has to be trained in criminal law because           .

   A．he must work hard to help reform criminals

   B．he must behave as professional lawyers do

   C．he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committed

   D．he must justify the arrests he makes of criminals

2．What is the most suitable word that describes the work of a policeman according to the passage?

   A．Dangerous       B．Demanding      C．Distressing    D．Dramatic

3．According to the passage, policeman spend most of their time and efforts           .

   A．patrolling the street, rain or shine               

B．tracking and arresting criminals

   C．collecting and providing evidence

D．consulting the rules of law

4．Why do policeman feel separated from the real of the world?

A．Because they do not receive due support from society

B．Because they find people insincere to them

C．Because they feel superior to the simple—minded people around them

    D．Because they are suspicious of the people around them.

A．Why kiwis are flightless

B．Preventing the kiwi decline

C．Reasons for concern

D．Explanations for large bird populations

E．Land of the kiwi

F．Te introduction of predators

1．        The kiwi is the national symbol of New Zealand and Australians endearingly refer to New Zealanders as “kiwis”---People from the Land of the Kiwi. This unique bird, recognized by its short squat body and elongated beak, is under threat. Its small, claw—like wings make the kiwi flightless, so it has to live on the ground. The kiwi is thus easy to be victim of enemies such as humans and mammals.

2．          When great landmass of the south split 75 million ago, the kiwi and many other ground—living birds became separated from predatory mammals within what was later to become  known as New Zealand. The birds were able to multiply and flourish because there were very few mammals landlocked within the islands. Kiwis have evolved certain mammalian characteristics as time went on, living on the ground and they were free from attack by mammals.

3．          However, when the Polynesians arrived about 1000 years ago bringing with them dogs and rats, the kiwi population and other vulnerable bird species soon suffered a severe reduction in numbers. The coming of the Europeans in the 18^th century brought even more determined predators, including the cat and, especially,  the stoat, which is a very vicious and powerful killer of kiwis.

4．           There are six types of kiwi, and all six are threatened. Two are ‘critically endangered’ because they have populations of less than 250 mature birds. Two are ‘endangered’ meaning that it is estimated that within three generations their numbers will have declined by 50%. The other two are ‘vulnerable’—one because its habitat is shrinking, the other because it is potentially under threat from stoats and other mammals.

5．             100 years ago there were more than 5 million North Island Brown Kiwis. Today, there are probably around 30,000 , and the population is decreasing at a rate of 6% a year. Only the Little Spotted Kiwi is increasing because of successful attempts to transfer the creature of predator—free offshore islands. There are further reasons for hope. Trapping predators and rearing baby chicks for later release into the wild can have a dramatic effect on kiwi numbers; but it will be necessary to do so on a large scale.

尽管困难重重，我们仍然决心实现我们的计划。（in spite of, determined）

只有不断探索未知的事物，我们才有可能有所发现有所发明。（Only…）

智力在很大程度上是与生俱来的东西。（extent）

中学生读英语原版书不容易，然而可以先看一些简写本。（begin with）

和人们预料的相反，我们学校里的女生比例正在下降。（proportion, decline）

许多美籍华人在美国经济中起着如此重要的作用以至于在某些领域，他们是不可替代的。（such….,substitute）

Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

现在校方规定学生不得将手机带入校内，谈谈你对此规定的看法，并说明理由。

写作要求：观点明确，理由充分。