“The world’s oceans are slowly getting more acidic．” say scientists．The researchers from California report that the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere．

The lowering of the waters’ pH value is not great at the moment but could cause a serious threat to current ocean life if it continues, they warn．Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature．Increasing use of oil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater．Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid．Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century．

These researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change．“This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO into the atmosphere,” said Dr Caldeira．“And we predict the amount of future acidity will exceed（超过） anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years, let alone perhaps after rare disastrous events such as asteroid（小行星） impacts．

However, it is not absolutely clear what that means for ocean life．Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest pH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean life forms may be more sensitive to pH changes．Coral reefs（珊瑚礁） and other organisms whose shells contain calcium carbonate（碳酸钙） may be particularly affected if the water’s acidity levels keep going up, the team predict．They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower pH．

In recent years some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide from power station in the deep ocean as a way of dealing with global warming．But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re-considered．“Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing --- because in releasing CO into the atmosphere we warm the planet, and when CO is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming．”

1．The ocean is becoming more acidic due to __________．

       A．the lower water pH value                      B．the warming atmosphere

       C．the higher level of CO in the air          D．the increasing use of oil fuels

2．According to Dr Caldeira, __________．

       A．ocean absorption of carbon dioxide is a good thing

       B．more oil fuels will be used in the near future

       C．scientists may predict climate changes with computer models

       D．the future situation of the amount of acidity is extremely serious

3．If the water’s acidity level keeps rising, __________．

       A．ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected

       B．the waters’ pH value will become higher and higher

       C．organisms living near the surface are more sensitive to pH changes

       D．some disastrous events will occur more often than before

4．Most experts once believed storing carbon dioxide in the ocean would reduce __________．

       A．the COabsorbed by the ocean             B．the amount of greenhouse warming

       C．the acidity of the ocean                        D．the gradual release of CO

5．The purpose of this passage is to __________．

       A．show people the findings of a research team

       B．inform people of how acid the ocean is now

       C．introduce Dr Caldeira and his team’s research

       D．warn people of the higher level of CO

LIDAC MAYNARD

11 Windrift Circle

 Methuen, MA

978 – 555 – 4539

JOB OBJECTIVE

Seek special education, primary school, or middle school math teaching position．

EDUCATION

Rivier College, Nashua, NH

Bachelor of Arts in Education – May, 2006

Major: Elementary Education

Have successfully completed PRAXIS I and PRAXIS II．Meet highly qualified testing requirements for Massachusetts and New Hampshire．

TEACHING EXPERIENCE

November, 2005 – January, 2006

Wilkins Elementary School, Amherst, NH

Student Teacher

· Developed and completed student – centered lessons in all subject areas for various groups of fifth grade special and regular education students．

·Adapted lessons to meet student’s needs by reviewing their backgrounds and learning needs through IEPs．

·Communicated with parents on a regular basis via newsletters, daily or weekly progress reports, phone calls, and email, resulting in increased parental participation at home．

August, 2005 – November, 2005

Charlotte Avenue Elementary School, Nashua, NH

Student Teacher

·Taught reading and writing through Language Experience Approach methods．

·Introduced a Writer’s Workshop appropriate for first grade students to help them to develop their writing skills．

·Developed learning stations in reading and science, enabling students to be more independent learners．

Spring, 2005

Wilkins Elementary School, Amherst, NH

Designed and taught a unit on Insects and Spiders, based on New Hampshire Standards to 23 self －contained, third and fourth grade students with disabilities．

Fall, 2004

Amherst Street Elementary School, Nashua, NH

Taught a class of 24 third grade students with a wide range of abilities．

ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCE

·After-School Aid, Amherst School District, Amherst, NH （2004 – 2005）

·Summer Camp advisor, YMCA, Nashua, NH （Summers, 2002 and 2003）

·Big Brother / Big Sister Volunteer, Nashua, NH （2002 – 2005）

1．What kind of job does Linda want to get?

A．A Big Brother / Big Sister Volunteer．

B．A middle school math teacher．

C．A special education advisor．

D．A summer camp advisor．

2．Linda has worked for the following schools EXCEPT        ．

A．Rivier College, Nashua, NH

B．Wilkins Elementary School, Amherst, NH

C．Charlotte Avenue Elementary School, Nashua, NH

D．Amherst Street Elementary School, Nashua, NH

3．What can we know about Linda according to the passage?

A．She was only interested in developing student’s math abilities．

B．She was not active in participating in after – school activities．

C．She is permitted to teach in any high school of New York．

D．She has plenty of experience in teaching．

4．Which of the following is NOT included in the ways Linda used to communicate with the students’ parents?

A．Newsletters．                                      B．Phone calls．

C．Face-to-face talks．                            D．Daily or weekly progress reports．

随着电脑普及率的提高，老师、家长和学生对字迹的重视程度降低了。据一项调查显示，有85.8%的中学生说自己的字迹不好看，而他们又不想改善字迹，其理由有很大差别。

请根据下图写一篇120—150词的英文短文，说明该现象并发表自己的看法。

This is something really invisible,        ? 

A．is it            B．is this             C．isn't this            D．isn't it

Guess what? Your dog can get jealous when you pay attention to other dogs, other people or even other things．

Dogs have complex   1   such as jealousy （嫉妒） and pride, according to a scientific research that throws new   2   on their relations with   3  ．

Animal psychologists previously believed most animals lacked "  4   of self", which is needed to experience secondary emotions such as   5  , embarrassment or guilt．These emotions are more   6   than instant reactions such as anger or joy．

Professor Friederike Range, from the University of Vienna, has shown that dogs are jealous when they feel unfairly treated  7   to other dogs．"Dogs show a strong   8  to inequity （不公平）," she said．"If one dog gets something, you'd better believe another will   9   something as well．"

But, her study   10  , it doesn't matter if one gets a better treat, only that the distribution is   11  ．

The dog study is the latest into several   12  , including cows, horses, cats and sheep, which have   13   that animals are far more self-aware than   14   were thought．

Paul Morris, a psychologist at the University of Portsmouth who studies animal emotions, told The Sunday Times: "We are learning that dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are far more   15   complex than we ever realized．They can   16   simple forms of many emotions we once thought only primates （灵长类） could experience．"

In research among   17  , Morris found almost all of them reported   18   behavior by their pets．The dog often tried to get their owner away from a new lover in the early days of a relationship．

Behavior experts recommend owners keeping their dog's   19   as much as possible from a new partner or child ．This helps to   20  jealous activity from the dog such as interruptions with barking or whining  （哀嚎）．

1．A．emotions           B．feelings            C．experience                     D．realization

2．A．sweat                B．tears                C．light                       D．delight

3．A．cats                  B．humans            C．scientists                D．animals

4．A．feeling               B．sense               C．care                      D．relation

5．A．happiness          B．anger               C．jealousy                  D．sadness

6．A．important           B．necessary         C．complex                 D．hard

7．A．related               B．compared         C．comparing                     D．relating

8．A．effect                B．reaction           C．effort                            D．influence

9．A．need                  B．concern           C．demand                  D．hope

10．A．points out        B．points at           C．points to                 D．points up

11．A．good               B．fair                  C．delightful                D．favorable

12．A．species            B．kinds               C．sorts                      D．varieties

13．A．covered           B．played              C．shown                    D．displayed

14．A．we                  B．they                 C．people                    D．you

15．A．physically        B．morally            C．emotionally             D．mentally

16．A．enjoy               B．ache                C．laugh                      D．suffer

17．A．students           B．dog owners      C．professors                     D．doctors

18．A．angry                     B．joyful        C．jealous                    D．guilty

19．A．activity            B．routine             C．experience                     D．away

20．A．prevent            B．keep                C．protect                   D．stop

Recently I paid a visit to Harvard University, where there are top class scientists and professors and the best academic system in the world．

I was pretty shocked when I first stepped onto the campus．Well, it's not even really a campus．It's more like a district in a small town．

Harvard's main buildings are from the 18th century．They look very old and simple．You might even say they're a little shabby．They don't fit the modern idea of university at all．The buildings are surrounded by grass and trees, so I felt as if I had walked into a medieval castle．But when I looked across the street, busy shops and in-fashion students made me feel like I was in the 21st century again．It creates a strong contrast and brings a special atmosphere to the school．

Our tour guide Gary took us around and told us: "You see this grass field in the center of the school? Here is where they host their graduation ceremony．They just set up tents and benches and have a very simple ceremony．Unbelievable! Who would think the most talented students just graduate on the lawn?

I saw some students put a blanket on the grass and lie down to read a book．When I listened to the soft sound of pages turning, along with chirping of the birds, I felt very calm．There was no competitive feeling at all．

Harvard has the world's first computer in its science center and there are hundreds of high-end computers too．Its religion and the literature departments are also among the best．It is the perfect mix of tradition and new technology．It makes Harvard a very attractive place to study in．

I hope one day I'll attend my dream school—Harvard．

1．The article is mainly about        ．

A．the author's campus life in Harvard

B．the author's impression of Harvard

C．Harvard's old buildings

D．the academic system at Harvard

2．The author was most impressed by        , according to the article．

A．Harvard's mix of tradition and new technology

B．the classes held on beautiful lawns at Harvard

C．Harvard students not taking their graduation ceremony seriously

D．the feeling of not living in modern society on the campus

3．What can we conclude from the article? 

A．Harvard campus is actually a district of a big city．

B．There are no competitions at Harvard University．

C．Graduation ceremonies are not complex at Harvard．

D．All Harvard buildings date back to the 18th century．

4．According to the article, in which fields is Harvard top in the world? 

A．Literature, arts, and law．

B．Religion, law and arts．

C．Literature, arts and computer science．

D．Religion, computer science and literature．

5．Which word can be used to describe the Harvard campus? 

A．modern              B．competitive         C．peaceful             D．splendid

The British National Health Service （NHS） was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the country．Before this time health care had to be paid for by individuals．

Nowadays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities．About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work．There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant （怀孕的） women, pensioners （领养老金者）, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment．

Most people are registered with a local doctor （a GP, or General Practitioner） who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community．

As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital．NHS hospitals—many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff．The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours．

During the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services （for example, cleaning）．At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients．Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs would have more financial responsibility．The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from．

1．We can know from the first paragraph that        ．

A．patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948

B．people didn't have to pay for health care since the NHS was set up

C．the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybody

D．the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers

2．What do we know about the NHS? 

A．It's managed by the central government．

B．Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions．

C．It hires more people than any other unit in Europe．

D．Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care．

3．All the following statements about GPs are true except that they        ．

A．take care of the local people's health

B．often take part in competitions to see who is the best

C．work under high pressure nowadays

D．have more responsibilities than before

4．What does the underlined word exempt probably mean? 

A．suffering            B．different           C．prevented              D．free

5．The biggest problem for the NHS is        ．

A．many hospitals are too old to be used

B．some services are in the charge of individuals

C．more and more patients go to GPs for treatment

D．there is not enough money for further reform

阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后面的要求答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求）

Who is the best NBA athlete? Kobe （科比）, of course! So says Sporting News．a major American sports magazine．

Last month the magazine named Los Angeles Lakers guard and 2009 NBA Finals MVP Kobe Bryant NBA player of the decade for the 2000s．The honor is part of a 14-page special section on the athletes, coaches and teams of the 2000s．

Born to be a basketball player, Kobe showed shooting talent at an early age．He has always been obsessed （一门心思的） with proving his skills on the court （球场） and improving．He enjoyed a successful high school basketball career and went straight into the NBA when he graduated．

He has led the Lakers to four NBA championships: in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2009．He is the youngest player to score 20,000 points in the NBA．

However he is never content with past glory （辉煌）, Kobe is famous for getting his teammates to stay up late practicing．When he learns a new move, he asks his teammates to practice it with him until                     ．

Devean George, a former teammate of Kobe's, was frequently asked to practice with him．"He might say: 'Stay after and guard this move．Let me try it on you'," said George．"The amazing thing is he can put the new move in the game the next day．"

Gregg Downer, Kobe's high school coach said: "People called Kobe a loner, but it's just that basketball was all he wanted to focus on．"

1．What's the best title of the passage?（please answer within 8 words）

2．Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?

   He has always been devoted to showing his skills in the course of playing, and getting better．

3．Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．（please answer within 10 words）

4．How does Kobe explain his success? （please answer within 30 words）

5．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．

You may read the questions first．

1．The Fresh Water series at 9 PM           ．

       A．explores the lakes and rivers on the earth and the creatures in them

       B．is devoted to the freshwater creatures in the world

       C．explains the relationship among inhabitants

       D．focuses on the deepest river on the planet

2．The phrase "stow away" most probably means "_____"．

       A．hide secretly                                   B．talk excitedly

       C．operate easily                                   D．guide successfully

3．A mystery story adapted from Agatha Christies’s novel will be shown on _____．

       A．BBC 1               B．BBC 2                C．ITV 1               D．Channel 4

4．On Channel 4, you can enjoy              .

       A．a live game of bridge

       B．a vedio of men's Kendo tournament

       C．a live broadcast of women competing in the cycling

       D．a film of family flying to UK

5．The passage is taken from _____．

       A．a poster for films                             B．a notice for entertainments

       C．a TV programmes list                        D．a broadcast list

观察下面图画，请用英语就甲流病毒（H1N1 viruses）传播的方式，发病的症状（symptoms）写一篇短文，并提出相关的预防措施（比如注射疫苗vaccine和三点日常健康卫生行为习惯）。字数120—150。