(06·北京E篇)

A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities (个性) and food experiences. “One week later,” Loftus says, “we told those people we’d fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail (细节). “You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促成的) memory through leading questions— Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they’d avoid eating it.

When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it’s not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don’t eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be implanted (灌输) only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it’s for the patient’s benefit.

Loftus says there’s nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say, wake up— parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that’s more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.”

72. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?

   A. To improve her computer program.

   B. To find out their attitudes towards food.

   C. To find out details she can make use of.

   D. To predict what food they’ll like in the future.

73. What did Loftus find out from her research?

   A. People believe what the computer tells them.

   B. People can be led to believe in something false.

   C. People tend to forget their childhood experiences.

   D. People are not always aware of their personalities.

74. According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they _______.

   A. learn it is harmful for health

   B. lie to themselves that they don’t want it

   C. are willing to let doctors control their minds

   D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it

75. What is the biggest concern with the method?

   A. Whether it is moral.                      B. Who it is best for.

   C. When it is effective.                      D. How it should be used.

 (06·北京D篇)

While parents, particularly mothers, have always been attached to their infants (婴儿), societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain (保持). First of all, the high infant death rate in the premodern times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness. Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.

One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year. Another practice that discouraged maternal (母亲的) attachment was tightly wrapping (包裹) infants. Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking (抚摸) and kissing that are so much a part of modern mothers’ and fathers’ affection for their infants.

A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing. Breast-feeding (母乳哺育) was not popular among the well-to-do in the early modern times; infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose. In some places, such as nineteenth-century France, city infants were sent to wet nurses in the country. Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first, leaving little for the city infant— who, in many case, died. In Rouen, the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent.

68. Babies were unnamed until they were two so that ________.

   A. an old social custom could be kept up

   B. maternal attachment could be maintained

   C. they could have better chances to survive

   D. their parents would not be too sad if they died

69. Why were babies wrapped?

   A. To protect them from the cold.

   B. To distance their mothers from them.

   C. To make them feel more comfortable.

   D. To make it easy for their mothers to hold them.

70. Wet nurses were women who _________.

   A. babysat city infants

   B. fed babies of other families

   C. sent their babies to the country

   D. failed to look after their babies

71. Which is the best title for the passage?

   A. Societal Conditions in Premodern Times

   B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment

   C. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate

   D. Differences between Modern and Premodern Parents

 (06·全国ⅠC篇)

A study of English learning problems was carried out among a total of 106 foreign students. It shows that most students considered understanding spoken English to be their biggest problem on arrival. This was followed by speaking. Writing increased as a problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in. Reading remained as a significant（显著的）problem.

The information gained helped us in determining where special attention should be paid in our course. Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasonable motivation（动机）, we considered it important to note what seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching in their own country. To use the same method would be self-defeating because it might reduce motivation, especially if it has failed in the past. Therefore a different method may help because it is different.

Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining（保持）or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest by about halfway through the ten weeks. This led us to a major re-think, so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students.

65．What is the text mainly about?

A．Foreign students have more problems.

B．There are many ways to improve English.

C．Teaching should meet students’ needs.

D．English learning problems should be studied again.

66．Writing became a bigger problem when foreign students ___________.

A．had to write their papers

B．became better at speaking

C．became less interested in reading

D．had fewer problems with listening

67．We may infer from the last two paragraphs that ___________.

A．different teaching methods should be used

B．grammar-based teaching seems to be encouraging

C．English courses are necessary for foreign students

D．teaching content should be changed halfway

68．The word “it” underlined in the last paragraph refers to “___________”.

A．re-think

B．activity

C．motivation

D．timetable

 (06·全国ⅠA篇)

Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds（灰狗）and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy!  Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then  get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive（好斗的）because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.

       Greyhounds can live for 12 – 14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don’t need a lot of space, don’ t make a lot of noise, and don’ t eat a lot for their size.

 Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is , however, a small-sized greyhound,which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.

  Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because they’ re slim（苗条的）they don’t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height . But they do feel the cold, especially since they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside.

56．The text is written mainly        .

       A．to tell people how to raise greyhounds

       B．to let people know more about greyhounds

       C．to explain why greyhounds are aggressive

       D．to describe greyhounds of different colors

57．It can be inferred that greyhounds         .

       A．love big doghouses

       B．like staying in bed all day

       C．make the best guard dogs

       D．need some exercise outdoors

58．Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?

       A．They are big in size.

       B．They live a very long life.

       C．They can run races for some time.

       D．They are quiet and easy to look after.

59．If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important _____________.

       A．to keep it slim

       B．to keep it warm

       C．to take special care of its legs

       D．to take it to animal doctors regularly

 (07·陕西B篇)

When people want to know about the wcather, they usually go to there radios, TVs, pewspapers, or to the Internet. However, you can also find many weather signs among wildlife, because of their highly developed senses. Drops in air pressure(压力) produce an effect on small animals in many ways. Mice and deer are good weather indicators. People who spend a lot of time outdoors have observed that, before a storm, field mice come out of their holes and run around, Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains.

       Birds are especially good weather indicators because they also show the effect of a prcssure drop in many ways. For example, some birds become irritable(急躁的)and qusrrelsome and will fight over a picce of bread. Other birds chirp(叽叽喳喳)and sing just before a storm. It seems they know they won’t get snother chance for an bour on two. Birds also seek safe placcs before a storm, You will sometimes see birds settling in trees or gathering together on a wire close to a building. Pre-storm low pressure makes the are so thin that birds have difficulty flying.

       It is unusual to see many birds flying overhead in the summertime, rather than during the periods in the spring or autumn. Watch for other weather signs if you see this. If they fly in the wrong direction,they may be flying abead of a storm.

       By paying closer attention to some important signs in nature, we can become better prepared for any kind of weather.

45.The word“indicators”in paragraph I probably means        .                     

       A.maps                     B.services                     C.signs                      D.stations

46.There will be a storm if birds           .                                                    

       A.make more noise than usual                      B.fly in different directions

       C.come down from tall trees                       D.share a piece of bread

47.How can birds sense the coming of a storm?                                           

       A.By feeling a drop in air temperature.

       B.By noticing the change of wind directions.

       C.By feeling a drop in air pressure.

       D.By notieing the movements of other animals.

48.The best title for the text would be          .                                              

       A.Signs of a Storm                                     B.Drops in Air Pressure

       C.Animals’Sharp Senses                                    D.Nature’s Weather Signs

 (07·四川D篇)

Sorry to say, our brains naturally start slowing down at the Cruelty young age of 30. It used to be thought that this couldn't be helped, but new studies show that people of any age can train their brains to work faster. "Your brain is a learning machine," says University of California scientist Dr. Michael Merzenich. Given the right tools, we can train our brains to act like they did when we were younger. All that's required is the practice designed just for the purpose: a few exercises for the mind.

Merzenich has developed a computer-based training method to speed up the process(过程)                         in which the brain deals with information (positscience.com). Since much of the data we receive comes through speech, the Brain Fitness Program works with language and hearing to better speed and accuracy (准确性).

Over the course of training, the program starts asking you to distinguish (辨别) sounds (between "dog" and "bog", for example) at an increasingly faster speed. It's a bit like tennis instructor, says Merzenich, hitting balls at you ~faster and faster to keep you challenged(受到挑战). You may start out slow, but before long you're pretty quick.

The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn. And it may even speed up while in the process.

To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you: playing table tennis or bridge, doing crossword puzzles, learning a language.... "When it comes to preventing ageing, you really do 'use it or lose it' ," says Barbara Sahakian, professor at Cambridge University.

67. Dr. Merzenich’s training method mainly depends on ________.

A. speech training                             B. computer languages

   C. the activities one joins in               D. the information being dealt with

68. By saying "the brain at any age is highly plastic ", the writer probably means the brain can be______.

    A. used              B. mastered        C. developed             D. researched

69. What can we learn from the text?

    A. Practice makes a quick mind.

    B. Brain research started ten years ago.

    C. Dr. Merzenich is a scientist in computer,

    D. People believed nothing could stop the brain slowing down.

70. Which of the following agrees with the writer's idea?

    A. The training methods work better for the old.

    B. People should use the brain to stop it from ageing.

    C. The training of the brain should start at an early age.

    D.  It's necessary to take part in as many activities as possible.

 (07·江西D篇)

Brian Walker chews pens. He bites them so hard that his boss has warned him to stop or buy his own. Kate’s weakness is more acceptable-she is unalbe to walk past a cake shop without overeating Sophin Cartier finds her cigarette habit a headache, while Alice’s thumb-sucking drives her boy friend crazy. Four people with very different habits, but they all share a common problem anxiety disorder or, in serious cases. Obessive Compulisive Disorder (OCD).

From nail-biting to too much hand-washing, overeating and internet addiction（上瘾）,OCD is widespread in almost every workplace and countless home. “It is a relatively common form of nxiety,”says Dr. Mootee. “Tbe main feature of OCD is the repetitin of unwanted bosersive（过度的） thoughts such as worries that doors are left unlocked , gas or electrical appliances are left on.” In order to fight against the an esasy chedcking door locks and gas or electrical appliandces.

 Dr. Mootee says that repetitive washing, particularlu of the hands, is the most common type of OCD. She hastreated many patients who wash their hands up to 30 times a day. The technique Mootee uses to treat people with OCD is called cognitive-behavioral therapy（认知行为疗法）.“It is based on the general idea that people have the ability to change the way they think and behave,”says Mootee.

But when does a haibt become a problem?“It’s personal,”says Mootee.“Everyone has something unusual,but if you can’t put up with it, then it’s a problem and you need to do something to change it.”Mootee says many people reaist for treatmet because they fear they are“crazy”. But as people become more knoledgeable about these problems they will go and get help. The only way to coure is to coqnuer.

68.If a person suffers from OCD, be is likely to keep doing any of the following EXCEPT   .

 A.chewing pens                            B.hurting himself

C.sucking fingers                           D.biting nails

69.According to the passage, a person suffering from OCD    .

  A.reduces his/her anxiety by taking drugs

B.gets into unwanted hagbits to relieve stress

C.has unwanted thoughts about habits

D.has unwanted thoughts because of illness

70.Dr. Mootee’s treating lechnique is based ont eh idea that    .

  A.everyong has something different

B.people can put up with their problems

C.people can chag their way of thinking and action

D.people tend to repeat their obsessive actions

71.By saying “The only way to cure is to conquer.”Dr. Mootee suggests that an OCD sufferer   .

  A.has to be an extraordinary person

B.must cure his illness by himself

C.must overcome many physical illnesses

D.should have a right attitude towards the problem

 (07·湖南A篇)

In June, 2007, a group of students from eight high schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canada’s Manitoba province, will begin test-launching (试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik’s cube.

   The one-kilogram Win-Cub satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes.

   There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high-school based program of its kind in Canada. 30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace (航空航天的) experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations.

   The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper; it is real-world engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program. It is also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing, building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space.

   “These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm, innovation (创新), and a strong love for discovery,” said Education, Citizenship and Youth Minister Peter Bjomson. “We want to make science more relevant (相关的), interesting and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case, in space,” Bjomson added.

   The Win-Cube program is mainly named at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. It also shows Manitoba’s devotion to research and innovation and the development of a skilled workforce—all important drivers of knowledge-based economic growth.

56. According to the passage, the Win-Cube satellite is _________.

   A. named after Manitoba and its shape               

B. intended for international communication

   C. designed like a Rubik’s cube both in shape and size

   D. challenged by university students around the world

57. According to Mr. Bjomson, ___________.

   A. those Manitoba high school students are worth praising

   B. the study of space can be practically made in classrooms

   C. Manitoba high schools are famous for the study of space

   D. scientific research is too far away from high school students

58. The primary purpose of the project is to _________.

   A. find the early signs of earthquakes            

B. relate studies to practical

   C. help high school students study real-world engineering

   D. inspire a strong desire for discovery among the students

59. The best title for this passage may be ________.

   A. Manitoba School       

B. Win-Cube Program        

C. Space Co-operation

   D. Satellite Launching

 (07·湖北E篇)

lmagine you’re at a party full of strangers. You’re nervous. Who are these people? How do you start a conversation? Fortunately, you’ve got a thing that sends out energy at tiny chips in everyone’s name tag (标签). The chips send back name, job, hobbies, and the time available for meeting-whatever. Making new friends becomes simple.

       This hasn’t quite happened in real life. But the world is already experiencing a revolution using RFID technology.

       An RFID tag with a tiny ehip can be fixed in a produet, under your pet’s skin, even under your own skin. Passive RFID tags have no energy source-batteries because they do not need it. The energy comes from the reader, a scanning device(装置),that sends out energy (for example,radio waves)that starts up the tag immediately.

       Such a tag carries information speeific to that object,and the data can be updated.Already, RFID technology is used for recognizing each car or truck on the road and it might appear in your passport. Doctors can put a tiny chip under the skin that will help locate and obtain a patient’s medical records. At a nightclub in Paris or in New York the same chip gets you into the VIP (very important person)section and pays for the bill with the wave of an arm.

       Take a step back:10 or 12 years ago,you would have heard about the coming age of computing. One example always seemed to surfact: Your refrigerator would know when you needed to buy more milk. The comcept was that computer chips could be put everywhere and send information in a smart network that would make ordinary life simpler.

       RFID tags are a small part of this phenomenon. “The world is going to be a loosely coupled set of individual small devices, connected wirelessly,”predicts Dr.J.Reich. Human right supporters are nervous about the possibilities of such technology. It goes too far tracking school kids through RFID tags, they say. We imagine a world in which a beer company could find out not only when you bought a beer but also when you drank it. And how many beers. Accompanied by how many biscuits.

       When Marconi invented radio, he thought it would be used for ship-to-shore communication. Not for pop music. Who knows how RFID and related technologres will be used in the future. Here’s a wild guess:Not for buying milk.

76.The artiele is intended to         .

       A.warn people of the possible risks in adopting RFID technology

       B.explain the benefits brought about by RFID technology

       C.convince people of the uses of RFID technology

       D.predict the applications of RFID technology

77.We know from the passage that with the help of RFID tags,people           .

       A.will have no trouble getting data about others

       B.will have more energy for conversation

       C.will have more time to make friends

       D.won’t feel shy at parties any longer

78.Passive RFID tags chiefly consist of          .

       A.scanning devices                                        B.radio waves

       C.batteries                                                       D.chips

79.Why are some people worried about RFID technology?

       A.Because children will be tracked by strangers.

       B.Because market competition will become more fierce.

       C.Because their private lives will be greatly affected.

       D.Because customers will be forced to buy more products.

80.The last paragraph implies that RFID technology           .

       A.will not be used for such matters as buying milk

       B.will be windely used, including for buying milk

       C.will be limited to communication uses

       D.will probably be used for pop music

 (07·湖北D篇)

Over the last 70 years, researchers have been studying happy and unhappy peopke and finally found out ten factors that make a difference. Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes. However, of all the factors, wealth and age are the top two.

  Money can buy a degree of happiness. But once you can afford to feed, clothe and house yourself, each extra dollar makes less and less difference.

  Researchers find that, on average, wealthier people are happier. But the link between money and happiness is complex. In the past half-century, average income has sharply inereased in developed countries, yet happiness levels have remained almost the same. Once your basic needs are met, money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends, neighbors and colleagues.

“Dollars buy status, and status makes people feel better,” conclude some experts, which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways-scientists or actors, for example-may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.

In a research, Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires-not just for money, but for friends, family, job, health-rose furthest beyond what they already had, tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap (差距)。Indeed, the size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone. “The gap measures just blow away the only measures of income.”says Michalos.

       Another factor that has to do with happiness is age. Old age may not be so bad“Given all the problems of aging, how could the elderly be more satisfied？”asks Protessor Laura Carstensen.

       In one survey, Carstensen in tervicwed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94, and asked them to fill out an emotions questionnaire. She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people, Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it, or they’re more realistic abour their time running out, older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don’t.

       “People realize not only what they have, but also that what they have cannot last forever,” she says. “A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85, for example, may bring far more complex emotional responses than a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20.”

72.According to the passage, the feeling of happiness        .

       A.is determined partly by genes

       B.increases gradually with age

       C.has little to do with wealth

       D.is measured by desires

72.Some actors would like to accept poorly-paid jobs because the jobs      .

       A.make them feel much better

       B.provide chances to make friends

       C.improse their social position

       D.satisfy their professional interests

74.Aged people are more likely to feel happy because they are more       .

       A.optimistic                  B.successful              C.practical                 D.emortional

75.Professor Alex Michalos found that people feel less happy if         .

       A.the gap between reality and desire is bigger

       B.they have a stronger desire for friendship

       C.their income is below their expectation

       D.the hope for good health is greater