(07·重庆C篇)

Dear all,

Please read Professor Hume's email about his next lecture on Rosa Parks.

Susan Miller

Secretary

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Dear Susan,

Please forward this message to students of my history class.

Besides the life story of Rosa Parks in the textbook, the students are also required to read the passage below and some related stories that can be borrowed from the school library.

Ted Hume

The early experiences of Rosa Parks(1913-2005), long known as the “mother of the civil rights movement, ”were not different from those of many African-Americans at that time. The black woman, however, turned the course of American history in December 1955 when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. “By sitting down, ”remarked John Lewis, “she was standing up for all Americans. ”

Among the numerous awards Parks received in her life were the Presidential Medal of Freedom(1996)and the Congressional Gold Medal(1999).

Parks died on Oct. 24, 2005. At St. Paul A. M. E. Church in Montgomery, a large crowd including Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice celebrated her life. Rice said she and others, who grew up when the political activities of Parks held public attention, might not have realized her impact(影响)on their lives, “but I can honestly say that without Mrs. Parks, I probably would not be standing here as Secretary of State. ”

After her casket(灵柩)was placed at the Capitol, U. S. President Bush, members of Congress and ordinary Americans paid their respects. In American history Parks is the first woman to lie in state at the Capitol, a very high regard usually reserved for Presidents of the United States.

63. What is the main purpose of Susan’s email?

A. To make arrangements for Professor Hume's class.

B. To introduce to the students Rosa Parks.

C. To help the students organize a lecture.

D. To answer Professor Hume's last email.

64. What does the underlined word “forward” mean?

A. Explain.              B. Send.               C. Take.                      D. Read.

65. The political impact of Rosa Parks lies in the fact that she .

A. helped Condoleezza Rice achieve political success

B. joined the civil rights movement at a young age

C. made racial equality a common value in American society

D. set a good example in her early life for other black Americans

66. How was Rosa Parks treated after her death?

A. She was named “mother of the civil rights movement. ”

B. She was received by President Bush at the Capitol.

C. She was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

D. She was honored to lie in state at the Capitol.

 (07·全国ⅡD篇)

It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can’t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.

Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.

Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.

53.The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that ____.
A. the time is too short for doctors                     

B. the patients are often too nervous
C. the damage is extremely hard to fix                 

D. the blood-cooling machine might break down

54.The brain operation was made possible mainly by ____.
A. taking the blood out of the brain                      B. trying the operation on monkeys first
C. having the blood go through a machine             D. lowering the brain’s temperature

55.With Dr. White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain ____.
A. can last as long as 30 minutes                         B. can keep the brain’s blood warm
C. can keep the patient’s brain healthy                  D. can help monkeys do different jobs

56.What is the right order of the steps in the operations?
a. send the cooled back to the brain                      b. stop the blood to the brain
c. have the blood cooled down                            d. operate on the brain
A. a, b, c, d                    B. c, a, b, d                  C. c, b, d, a                  D. b, c, d, a

 (07·宁夏、海南、全国ⅠD篇)

Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir（回忆录）of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.

Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.

Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.

Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.

Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent（独立的）spirit in their work.

Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives（目标）that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.

68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?

   A. Top managers.                    B. Language learners.

   C. Serious educators.                 D. Science organizations.

69. The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.

   A. attracted to teaching               B. tired of teaching

   C. satisfied with teaching             D. unhappy about teaching

70. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?

   A. The University of Chicago.         B. Stanford University.

   C. Ohio State University.             D. Nebraska University.

 (07·山东C篇)

When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers.

For her drive and creativity in overcoming those challenges, she’s been named national

teacher of the year.

Principal Waynes Kettler said he’s worked with many outstanding teachers in his 22 years as an educator, but Peterson is “just that one step above anybody I’ve ever worked with before.”      

Kettler and others at Monte Cristo Elementary School talk about the ways she has introduced the learning from other classrooms into her music program and her creativity in working around things such as the lack of money for new music.

When students were reading S.E. Hinton’s novel The Outsiders in their regular classroom, Peterson helped them write a 30-minute play with scenes from the book. Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused no race, equality and social justice, the themes of the book. Peterson composed two other songs herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book.

The honor means a lot to residents of Granite Foils. It’s inspiring to know that people from

small towns own even win national honors.

As national teacher of the year, Peterson will spend the more year outside the classroom, as a national and international spokeswoman for education. Not surpassingly. She is a big believe in the white of acts education. She said it’s essential for schools to offer classes such as act or music and physical education because for some kids one of those subjects is the only thing that motivates them to come back to school day after day.

65．The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 1 most probably means __________.

A．discouraging                 B．interesting

C．creative                     D．unbearable

66．When Peterson began her teaching career, ____________.

A．music was a focus of learning in most schools

B．the environment was favorable to music teaching

C．the school backed teaching facilities for music

D．immemorial support for music programs was unavailable

67．What is the most important reason that Peterson won the award?

A．She concerned herself with current social problems.

B．She motivated students to learn music with her creativity.

C．She has taught music at the elementary school for 22 years.

D．She make great efforts to amuse students’ interest in literature.

68．Which of the following is an example of Peterson’s way of teaching music?

A．She wrote plays on themes of race, equality and social justice.

B．She made use of the contents of other classes in her teaching.

C．She organized classroom discussions of Broadway tunes.

D．She helped students compose songs by themselves.

69．In Peterson’s opinion, ____________.

A．art music and PE classes are all important

B．more subjects should be offered to students

C．students should be motivated to attend art classes

D．arts education is more important than other subjects

70．It can be inferred from the text that ________.

A．Peterson’s honor was a surprise for the local people

B．Peterson’s art classes attracted students back to school

C．Peterson aroused the local residents’ passion for music

D．Peterson will change her profession next year

 (08·福建A篇)

After the Summer Olympics are over,when all the athletes and viewers have gone home and the television audience has switched off,another group of athletes and fans will arrive at the host city,and another competition will begin.These are the Paralympics,the games for athletes with a disability.But in Beijing in 2008,for the first time,one of the greatest paralympians will not be taking part.

She is a British athlete by the name of Tanni Grey-Thompson.Born with spina bifida（脊椎裂）which left her paralysed from the waist down,Tanni used a wheelchair from the age of 7.At first,she was not keen on sport,apart from horse riding,which gave her a sense of freedom.But in her teens,she started taking sports more seriously.She tried swimming,basketball and tennis.Eventually she found athletics, and never looked back.

Indeed,Tanni’s athletic career took off.In 1984,when she was 15,she pulled off a surprise victory in the 100 metres at the Junior National Wheelchair Games.

In 1988,Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul.She won bronze in the 400 metres.Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics.Tanni won gold in the 100,200,400 and 800 metres relay,setting two world records in the process.In the same year she achieved the first of her six London Wheelchair Marathon victories.

Tanni’s enduring success has been part motivation(动机），part preparation.“The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter(短跑运动员）,enables me to be good at a marathon too.I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I went to race...I am still competing at a very high level,but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.”

Indeed Tanni retired finally after the Visa Paralympic World Cup in 2007.Her wish is to coach young athletes for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

In spite of ups and downs,she never takes her fate lying down.In her splendid life,she has won an amazing eleven gold medals,four silvers and one bronze in a series of Paralympics—a top level athletic career covering two decades.She has won the London Wheelchair Marathon six times,more than any other competitor,and she has set over thirty world records.

What advice does she have for young athletes?“Work hard at your studies,and then train,train and train again.”

56.Which of the following sports did Tanni like before thirteen?

A.Basketball.            B.Swimming.                C.Tennis.               D.Horse riding.

57.When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?

A.In 1984.               B.In 1988.                    C.In 1992.                    D.In 2007.

58.The underlined word “that” in the 5th paragraph refers to        .

A.fifty weeks’ training                      

B.being a good sprinter

C.training almost every day                  

D.part motivation and part preparation

59.What’s the right order of the events related to Tanni?

a.She works as a coach.

b.She took up athletics.

c.She won four gold medals in Barcelona.

d.She competed in her first Paralympic Games.

e.She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon.

A.b,d,c,e,a                     B.a,d,b,c,e                    C.a,d,c,e,b                    D.b,d,a,e,c

60.What can we learn from Tanni’s success?

A.Union is strength.                     B.Never too late to learn.

C.Well begun is half done.               D.No pains,no gains.

 (08·浙江A篇)

Adrian’s “Amazing Race” started early when his parents realized that he, as a baby, couldn’t hear a thing, not even loud noises. In a special school for the hearing-impaired (听觉受损的)，he learned sign language and got to mix with other disabled children. However, the sight of all the disabled children communicating with one another upset his mother. She wanted him to lead a normal life. So after speaking to an advisor, she sent him to private classes where he learned to read lips and pronounce words.

     Later on, Adrian’s parents decided to send him to a regular school. But the headmaster tried to prevent them from doing so, saying regular schools couldn’t take care of a special needs student. His parents were determined to take the risk and pushed him hard to go through his work every day because they wanted to prove that, given the opportunity, he could do anything. Adrian made the grade and got accepted. It was a big challenge. The pace（节奏）was faster so he had to sit at the front of the class and really pay attention to the teacher, which wasn’t always easy. But he stuck to it and did a lot of extra work after school.

    The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off. Adrian graduated with good grades and got into a top high school. He also achieved a lot in life outside school. He developed a love for the outdoors and went to Nepal to climb mountains. He even entered the World Yacht Race 05/06—being the first hearing-impaired Asian to do so.

    But none of these achievements would have been possible without one of the most important lessons from his mother.“If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results,”she often said.

41. How did Adrian communicate with other children in the special school?

A. By speaking.                                         B. By using sign language.

C. By reading lips.                                      D. By making loud noises.

42. Adrian’s parents decided to send him to a regular school because          .

A. they wanted him to live a normal life

B. they wanted to prove the headmaster wrong

C. he wouldn’t mix with other disabled children

D. he wasn’t taken good care of in the special school

43. How did Adrian finally succeed in his study?

A. He did a lot of outdoor activities.

B. He was pushed hard to study every day.

C. He attended private classes after school.

D. He worked very hard both in and after class.

44. Why is Adrian’s life described as an “Amazing Race”?

A. He did very well in his study.

B. He succeeded in entering a regular school.

C. He reached his goals in spite of his disability.

D. He took part in the World Yacht Race 05/06.

 (08·天津A篇)

Sandra Cisneros was born in Chicago in 1954 to a Mexican American family. As the only girl in a family of seven children, she often felt like she had “seven fathers,” because her six brothers, as well as her father, tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant, she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading, she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.

In high school, with the encouragement of one particular teacher, Cisneros improved her grades and worked for the school literary magazine. Her father encouraged her to go to college because he thought it would be a good way for her to find a husband. Cisneros did attend college, but instead of searching for a husband, she found a teacher who helped her join the famous graduate writing program at the University of Iowa. At the university’s Writers’ Workshop, however, she felt lonely—a Mexican American from a poor neighborhood among students from wealthy families. The feeling of being so different helped Cisneros find her “creative voice.”

“It was not until this moment when I considered myself truly different that my writing acquired a voice. I knew I was a Mexican woman, but I didn’t think it had anything to do with why I felt so much imbalance in my life, but it had everything to do with it! That’s when I decided I would write about something my classmates couldn’t write about.”

Cisneros published her first work, The House on Mango Street, when she was twenty-nine. The book tells about a young Mexican American girl growing up in a Spanish-speaking area in Chicago, much like the neighborhoods in which Cisneros lived as a child. The book won an award in 1985 and has been used in classes from high school through graduate school level. Since then, Cisneros has published several books of poetry, a children’s book, and a short-story collection.

36. Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?

A. She had seven brothers.                       B. She felt herself a nobody.

   C. She was too shy to go to school.                 D. She did not have any good teachers.

37. The graduate program gave Cisneros a chance to _____.

   A. work for a school magazine                        B. run away from her family

   C. make a lot of friends                           D. develop her writing style

38. According to Cisneros, what played the decisive role in her success?

   A. Her early years in college.                    B. Her training in the Workshop.

   C. Her feeling of being different.               D. Her childhood experience.

39. What do we learn about The House on Mango Street?

   A. It is quite popular among students.

   B. It is the only book ever written by Cisneros.

   C. It wasn’t a success as it was written in Spanish.

   D. It won an award when Cisneros was twenty-nine.

 (08·江西C篇)

Topping the class academically was certainly an advantage．Studying was a breeze for  Nigel．The reward was certainly incomparable to the little effort that he had to put it．It began when he was selected to help the teachers in the computer laboratories．

The peak of his school career came not when he topped the school but when he was selected

for the nationwide competition．Unlike everyone else, Nigel wanted to join the contest because he liked playing with the Lego sets and making something out of them．Nigel spent the next two months rebuilding the robot．It was during the time that Nigel found out about the prizes for the competition as well as another competitor, Alicia, from a neighboring school．His early intentions were forgotten．Getting the thousand-dollar prize was more important than anything else．Nigel decided to befriend Alicia．Unaware of his intentions, she told him all about the robot that she had been building for the competition．He even helped her to put the finishing touches to her robot．He was glad with the way things had progressed．His robot looked even better than Alicia’s and it was able to bounce a ball with its arm, something Alicia had failed to do．

On the day of the competition, he saw Alicia．Everything dawned on her the minute she saw

him among the competitors. She stared at him, puzzled at first, then angry and finally a look of helplessness came over her．

The flashbulbs of the camera exploded in Nigel’s face．The robot had performed actions so

unique and different that the specialists’ judgments were the same．Nigel was so pleased with himself that he did not even notice the girl standing a few feet away from him．Without her, he would never have won the competition．

64．What reward did Nigel receive for doing well in his school work?

A．He was offered a part-time job.

B．He was honored with a scholarship.

C．He helped his teachers construct a robot.

D．He helped in the computer laboratories.

65．Nigel’s original intention of joining the contest was to ___      ．

A．be the top student of the school            B．being great honor to his school

C．construct a robot with the Lego sets     D．wins the thousand-dollar prize

66．Why did Nigel help Alicia finish her robot?

A．He tried to make friends with her.         B．He was fond of building robots.

C．He intended to help her.                       D．He didn’t want her to suspect him.     

67．What is the author’s attitude towards Nigel’s actions?

A．He is mildly critical.                      B．He is strongly critical.

C．He is in favor of them.                  D．His attitude is not clear.

 (08·山东D篇)

Melissa Poe was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment by writing a letter to the then President Bush.Through her own efforts,her letter was reproduced on over 250 donated billboards (广告牌) across the country.

The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300,000 members of Kids F.A.C.E. worldwide and it is the world’s largest youth environmental organization.

Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carry out a “Children’s Forest” project in every national park.In 1992,she was invited as one of only six children in the world to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part of the Voices of the Future Program.In 1993,she was given a Caring Award for her efforts by the Caring Institute.

Since the organization started,Kids F.A.C.E.members have distributed and planted over 1 million trees!Ongoing tree-planting projects include Kid’s Yards－the creation of backyard wildlife habitats (栖息地)－and now Kids F.A.C.E.is involved in the exciting Earth Odyssey,which is a great way to start helping.

“Starting the club turned out to be a way to help people get involved with the environment.Club members started doing things like recycling,picking up litter and planting trees as well as inviting other kids to join their club.”

“We try to tell kids that it’s not OK to be lazy,” she explains.“You need to start being a responsible,environmentally friendly person now,right away,before you become a resource-sucking adult.”

72.Kids F.A.C.E.is        .

A.a program to help students with writing

B.a project of litter recycling

C.a campaign launched by President Bush

D.a club of environmental protection

73.What can we learn about Poe?

A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.

B.She donated billboards across the country.

C.She got positive responses for her efforts.

D.She joined the National Park Service.

74.Kid’s Yards is        .

A.established in a national park              B.started to protect wildlife

C.a wildlife-raising project                     D.an entertainment park for kids

75.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?

A.Adults are resource-sucking people.

B.Poe sought help from a youth organization.

C.Kids F.A.C.E.members are from the U.S.

D.Kids are urged to save natural resources.

 (08·山东C篇)

It was the summer of 1965.DeLuca,then 17,visited Peter Buck,a family friend.Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future.“I’m going to college,but I need a way to pay for it,” DeLuca recalls saying.“Buck said,’You should open a sandwich shop.’”

That afternoon,they agreed to be partners.And they set a goal:to open 32 stores in ten years.After doing some research,Buck wrote a check for $1,000.DeLuca rented a storefront (店面) in Connecticut,and when they couldn’t cover their start-up costs,Buck kicked in another $1,000.

But business didn’t go smoothly as they expected.DeLuca says,“After six months,we were doing poorly,but we didn’t know how badly,because we didn’t have any financial controls.” All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.

DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time.Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York.They’d meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running.“We convinced ourselves to open a second store.We figured we could tell the public,’We are so successful,we are opening a second store.’” And they did－in the spring of 1966.Still,it was a lot of learning by trial and error.

But the partners’ learn-as-you go approach turned out to be their greatest strength.Every Friday,DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers.“It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn’t necessary,but as a result,the suppliers got to know me very well,and the personal relationships established really helped out,” DeLuca says.

And having a goal was also important.“There are so many problems that can get you down.You just have to keep working toward your goal,” DeLuca adds.

DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich,the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.

67.DeLuca opened the first sandwich shop in order to        .

A.support his family

B.pay for his college education

C.help his partner expand business

D.do some research

68.Which of the following is true of Buck?

A.He put money into the sandwich business.

B.He was a professor of business administration.

C.He was studying at the University of Bridgeport.

D.He rented a storefront for DeLuca.

69.What can we learn about their first shop?

A.It stood at an unfavorable place.

B.It lowered the prices to promote sales.

C.It made no profits due to poor management.

D.It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.

70.They decided to open a second store because they        .

A.had enough money to do it

B.had succeeded in their business

C.wished to meet the increasing demand of customers

D.wanted to make believe that they were successful

71.What contributes most to their success according to the author?

A.Learning by trial and error.          B.Making friends with suppliers.

C.Finding a good partner.               D.Opening chain stores.