Friends are important to children．Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life．Friendship provides children with more than just fun．In making friends，children learn how to get in touch with others and solve problems．Having friends even does good to children for they can help each other during class.

If the parents are concerned about whether their children make many friends，what matters is that the child is comfortable and happy with his friends．Parents need to understand the steps children take in building friendships．First of all，be a friend to your child．Good friendships start at home．Children begin to develop the necessary ability to go out and meet others through getting along with their parents. Greet the child warmly and let him know you are glad to see him．Children learn a lot from how their parents stay with them and other people.

Teach children how to solve conflicts(争端)．Being able to work out conflicts is an important skill in getting along with others．If parents know the children have a conflict，let them work it out on their own．Only step in if it is really necessary，for example，an argument is getting physical.

Give children chances to practice staying together．Have children play games that require cooperation. For example，races are fun and provide plenty of practice in teamwork．“In what ways didn’t you work well together? What might you do differently next time?” For these ideas，see books such as Games Book by Telly Orlick and Team—Building by Alanna Jones.

   Encourage children to show thanks to others．The parents can encourage children to do this by setting the example for them．

56．According to the article，if one child has no friend，he will________.

A．have some trouble in the future           B．worry about everything in the future

C. not know the importance of making friends   D．not find anybody to help him

57．Friendship can be helpful to the children EXCEPT_________.

A．providing a lot of fun      B．getting in touch with others

C. solving the problems        D．helping to cheat in the exams

58．When the children disagree with each other，the parents should_______.

A．1et them fight with each other until they find who is the winner

B．do nothing to the children and believe in their abilities

C．1et them work it out by themselves and help if necessary

D. talk with them and try to find good ways to stay together

59．From the text．we can know a good friend should know how to________.

A．fall in love with each other      B．show thanks to others

C. exchange their presents          D．ignore their differences

The unquestioned role of a student is to learn as much as possible through whatever means it takes to acquire knowledge. Teachers and professors are human beings and are therefore not perfect. No one knows the correct answer to every question even when you limit the questions to a certain field of study. Having certain skepticism (质疑) about what they are being taught can help students to make the teachers even better by correcting mistakes and misinformation.

Students certainly have a huge role in their own abilities to learn. Teachers should act more as guides along the way rather than try to force each student to learn. The best teachers in the world cannot teach an unmotivated student. If the teacher, for whatever reason, cannot motivate the student, then the student must somehow find a way to motivate himself or herself.

One method of doing this is by becoming an active rather than a passive student. The more the student involves himself or herself in the act of studying, the better he or she can learn. One of the best ways to become more active is simply to ask the teacher or professor questions. Students who passively sit in a classroom and take everything that the teacher says for granted are not fully using their mental capacities(能力) to learn.

Better education comes from teachers who are able to get their students to think about a subject rather than merely absorb a certain amount of information. Having a healthy skepticism can improve a student’s ability to both think and absorb knowledge in a learning situation.

Teachers are human beings and no one is one hundred percent right all of the time, even in a classroom situation. Perhaps a teacher would simply unconsciously say the wrong word or pass on some misinformation that the teacher truly believed was correct. A student’s question could prevent an entire classroom from becoming confused or misinformed.

There is of course a fine balance between a student having a healthy skepticism, and just being a downright(令人不快的) skeptic. But with the proper attitude toward learning and a little skepticism, both the students and teachers can improve upon the learning process and maximize learning efficiency.

64. Which of the following is the author’s main argument?

       A. Passive learning results from passive teaching in class.

       B. A student’s ability plays a huge role in the learning process.

       C. A healthy skepticism fully depends on students’ motivation and ability.

       D. A healthy skepticism and proper attitude contribute to effective learning.

65. Being passive learners, the students ________.

       A. use little of their mental ability while studying

       B. seldom involve themselves completely in learning

       C. can hardly tell the right from the wrong in class

       D. simply ask their teachers questions without thinking

66. According to the passage, a good teacher should ________.

       A. help the unmotivated students patiently

       B. instruct students in the learning process

       C. make no mistakes in the teaching process

       D. answer all the questions raised by students

All the wisdom of the ages and all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books, but we must know how to get the most from this treasure. The most unfortunate people in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books.

I am most interested in people and in finding out about them. Some of the most outstanding people I’ve met existed only in a writer’s imagination, then on the pages of his books, and then, again, in my imagination. I’ve found in books new friends, new society, and new world.

Reading is the pleasure of the mind, which means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader. Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works along with the author’s or even goes beyond his. Your experience, compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.

Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separate, together they all add up to something. They are connected with each other and with other cities. The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times. Books influence each other; they link the past, the present and future and have their own generations, like families. Wherever you start reading, you connect yourself with one of the families of ideas, and in the long run, you not only find out about the world and the people in it; you find out about yourself, too.

Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you “you ought to” read, you probably won’t have fun. But if you put down a book you don’t like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time—and if you become, as a result of reading, better, wiser, or kinder, you won’t have suffered during the process.

67. What kind of people are the most unfortunate in the writer’s eyes?

   A. Those who only know how to get the most from his books.

   B. Those who exist only in a writer’s imagination.

   C. Those who don’t know the delight reading brings them.

   D. Those who differ from the writer in conclusions.

68. The writer thinks reading is fun, because reading __________.

   A. can make us a good reader                     B. makes our mind work

   C. can save our time                                    D. makes us relaxed

69. The underlines phrase “turn up” in Paragraph 4 means “__________”.

   A. have great fun           B. find              C. face another way          D. appear

70. What would be the best title for the text?

   A. The Pleasure of Reading                 B. The Ways of Reading

   C. The Imagination of Reading              D. The Results of Reading

Compared to the whole development of history, your life could be like a candle which is lit and then blown out immediately. In other words, life is short —very short. Missing any of the joys life offers is terrible.
     So don’t let fears conquer your short and valuable life. If your life is being controlled by your fears, you are most certainly cheating yourself. Courage is the mental (精神上的) muscle that conquers fear. Like all muscles, the more you use it, the stronger it will become. Courage is not something you are born with. That is to say, it must be developed. It has been said that if you face the thing you fear bravely, your fear will leave you.
     For years I believed that courageous people had no fear. I was wrong. Eddie Richen Bacher put it very well when he said, "There is no courage without fear." We all have fears; however, not everyone gives in to their fears easily.
     There is, very likely, something you have wanted to do for years —move to another city, start your own business, apply for a better position, or go wherever you like. Whatever it is, you should do it. Remember, life is not a practice run. This is it. A little courage leads to more.
     Observe those poor people who have no courage. They only tiptoe (蹑手蹑脚地走) through life, hoping they can make it safely to death. You and I never meant to live that way. Learn to live the way you like by no longer living as you dislike. Make good use of your day and have courage. That’s life!

64. We can learn from the passage that courage _______.

A. can be developed quickly                 B. needs to be used more often

C. is formed when one is born                D. makes one very excited

65. What new opinion did the author develop?

A. All courageous people have fears.           B. Those who are brave have no fear.

C. There is no fear without courage.            D. A brave person can live a safe life.

66. What would be the best title for the passage?
   A. A Person’s Life Is Short                   B. Don’t Fear Anything

C. Never Give Up Easily                    D. Courage Conquers Fear

Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed. When a person does a certain thing again, he is driven by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly, then a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of. It is therefore so important that we should pay great attention to the formation of habits. Children often form bad habits, some of which remain with them as long as they live. Older persons also form bad habits lasting as long as they live, and sometimes become ruined by bad habits.

There are other habits which, when formed in early life, are of great help. Many successful men say that much of their success has something to do with certain habits in early life, such as early rising, honesty and so on.

Among the habits which children should not form are laziness, lying, stealing and so on. These are all easily formed habits. Unfortunately older persons often form habits which could have been avoided.

We should keep away from all these bad habits, and try to form such habits as will be good for ourselves and others.

60.          are formed little by little.

A. Only good habits                         B. Only bad habits

   C. Both good habits and bad habits     D. Either good habits or bad habits

61. The underlined word “them” in the first paragraph refers to         .

  A. bad habits        B. good habits    C. children     D. other persons

62. Why should we pay much attention to the formation of habits?

   A. Because habits are of great help to every one of us.

   B. Because a man can never get rid of a habit.

   C. Because it’s hard and sometimes even impossible to throw away bad habits.

   D. Because we are forced to do them again and again.

63. According to the passage, early rising          .

   A. has something to do with success            B. is an easily formed habit

   C. is such a habit as should have been avoided D. is such a beneficial habit as will be kept

Few people realize that there is a big difference between formal English and informal English. Formal English is used for most writing, and often in public speaking and formal meetings. It pays close attention to grammar rules, because if we use proper grammar, our meaning is often more precise. Also, on important occasions, we do not want to appear uneducated or to offend (冒犯) others, so we are very careful about how we speak. Informal English is used in speaking or writing to our friends and family. It often does not pay such close attention to grammar rules, because when we speak or write to them, we want our words to flow quickly. Also, with our friends and family, we are usually not so worried about appearing uneducated or about offending them by how we write or speak.

  A big difference between formal and informal English is the use of contractions. A contraction is where we make a word shorter or where we put two words together and take away some of the letters. For example, instead of saying “do not”, many people say “don’t”. Using contractions in our speech is fine because it sounds natural, especially when we speak to our friends. In formal writing, however, contractions are usually avoided because people might think that you have made a mistake, or that you do not know proper grammar.

  In the same way we might make words shorter, in informal English we often make sentences shorter as well. For example, if someone asks you your name, you will likely answer with one word: your first name. However, in formal English we usually use complete sentences. For example, we might write “My name is John”. In most speaking, we may not need to use every word in a sentence because the person we are speaking to will probably still understand us. In most writing, however, every word in a sentence must be written out in order to make sure that we can be understood.

56. When we use formal English, _______.

       A. we will offend others      

B. we will appear educated on important occasions

       C. we needn’t pay more attention to grammar rules

       D. we can express ourselves more directly and more quickly

57. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “precise”?

       A. simple                     B. direct                C. puzzling            D. clear

58. Contractions are best used when we are _______.

       A. speaking at a formal meeting                  B. speaking to our friends

       C. speaking in public                                 D. writing an application (申请) letter

59. In speaking, we do not always use complete sentences because ______.

       A. we do not care about grammar               B. we do not want to sound stupid

       C. we can still be understood                      D. we don’t want to waste time

  Let children learn to judge their own work．A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time．If corrected too much，he will stop talking。He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use．Bit by bit．he makes the necessary changes to make his language like what other people say．In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught---to work，run，climb，whistle，or ride a bicycle．They compare those performances with those of more skilled people，and slowly make the needed changes。

   But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself , let alone correct them．We do it all for him．We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him．or correct it unless he was made to．Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher．Let him do it himself, Let him work out．with the help of other children if he wants it，what this word says，what answer is to that problem，whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not If it is a matter of fight answers，as it may be in mathematics or science，give him the answer book．Let：him correct his own papers．Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find a way to get the right answer．

  Let’s end this nonsense of grades，exams and marks．Let us throw them all out，and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn，that is，how to measure their own understanding and how to know what they know or do not know．Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them，with our help as school teachers if they ask for it．The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one，s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours．Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential，something they will need to get in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential，they will go out into the world and learn it．

64．What does me author think is the best way for children to learn things?

A．By making mistakes and having them pointed out by others．

B．By having their mistakes corrected．

C．By noticing their problems and making changes．

D．By listening to explanations from skilled people．

65．The passage suggests that learning to speak and leaning to ride a bicycle are      ．

A．not really important skills

    B．more important than other skills

    C．basically the same in that we learn by practicing and making changes

    D．quite different in terms of the way of learning

66．The author fears that if adults always correct mistakes for children，children will grow up to be          ．

A．unable to use basic skills

    B．too critical of themselves

    C．fearful of making mistakes

    D．unable to think for themselves

67．Exams，grades，and marks should be removed because children’s progress should only be assessed by        ．

A．educated persons      B．children themselves       C．teachers        D．parents

Dear Ralf,

   I have received your letter from school and am glad to know that you are becoming responsible(有责任的)enough to decide on your career.

   You are now in the final year of college and are about to start more independent life in society. You know that a generation divides us, and the conditions of social life were different in my days. However, all I can say as advice is that you must select a career wisely. The first consideration is your interest. You can only succeed and feel happy when you do something you enjoy. Your job must be both gainful and satisfying. Then, you must read up on the latest books on the field you are aiming at. Also, you should get familiar with the men and women in the profession of that field. When mind and heart function together, success is inevitable(必然的).

   No career is more or less important than any other career. It takes different people to operate the machine of life. I think your interest may lie in the field of making TV programs. Your great communication skills, your active participation(参与) in school plays and the prizes you have won in speech competitions all point in that direction. So a career in Mass Communication and TV film production proves suitable for you. If you succeed and make it in that field, fame and treasure will both follow.

   Think a thousand times before making any final decision regarding your career. Anyhow, I want you to be a man of success.

   I know that you are mature(成熟的) enough to think for yourself.

   With all the best wishes!

                                                               Your loving father

56. We can infer that Ralf wrote a letter to ask for advice on how to ________.

  A. prepare for a competition.                  B. communicate with others

  C. choose a career                                D. get good marks

57. What can we know about Ralf?

  A. He has graduated from college.           B. He gets on badly with his father.

  C. He has taken part in school plays.        D. He won prizes in the field of making films.

58. Ralf’s father thinks that ________.

  A. fame is more important than treasure

  B. every career is of the same importance

  C. Ralf is too young to make a decision himself

  D. there is no real understanding between parents and children

59. The father suggests that his son should ____________.

  A. consider his interest first when choosing a career.

  B. make friends with successful people.

  C. be never proud when making progress

  D. be active in school activities.

Family quarrels and lack of free time can promote headaches in children. This is what Jennifer Gassmann and her partners have concluded in a study that appears in the current issue of the Deutsches Arzteblatt International. This study was a component of a large-scale study entitled “Children, Adolescents, and Headaches”, in which data were collected in four annual “waves” from 2003 to 2006.

   Up to 30% of children around the world complain of headaches at least once a week. Out of a variety of possible factors tested in a larger study, the authors chose to look at the ones related to the children’s family and leisure time.

   According to the study, boys who experience more than one family quarrel per week have a 1.8 times higher risk of developing headaches. The amount of free time available to them seems to be even more important: boys who seldom have time to themselves have a 2.1 times higher risk of developing headaches.

   The behavior of parents when children complain of headaches also seems to play a major role. Both positive and negative responses from parents teach children that they can gain advantages from headaches. These responses have a particularly strong effect on the frequency of symptoms in girls, with supportive responses raising the risk of recurrent(周期性的) headaches by 25%.

   The genders also differed with respect to headache frequency. Twice as many girls as boys had their symptoms at least once a week. The ages of the children, however, seemed to have no more than a minor effect on their headaches.

   The study may become a reminder for parents, especially for those unpeaceful families.

68. What is the passage mainly about?

   A. How family quarrels and lack of free time can promote headaches in children.

   B. A new study on the frequency of headaches in children.

   C. Factors which lead to children’s having headaches.

   D. Advice for parents wanting to keep their children from having headaches.

69. We learn from the study that ______________.

   A. most children have headaches at least once a week

   B. the way a family behaves is the chief factor for the headaches of children

   C. parents are to blame for the increase in headaches in children

   D. girls are more likely to get headache symptoms than boys

70. Parents should learn from the passage that ______________.

   A. they should spend more time with their children

   B. they should avoid quarreling

   C. they shouldn’t care when their children have headaches

   D. they should treat boys and girls differently