The following symbols have appeared on clothes labels for four decades, each one chosen by international experts for its simplicity and clarity.

Yet for most people, washing instructions might as well be written in Martian.

According to a new poll, nine in ten people are unable to decipher common symbols used on clothes labels. Even those who have mastered the difference between a wool and a synthetics（化学合成物）wash admit being baffled by the confusing array（排列）of boxes, circles and crosses used to give advice about drying and bleaching（漂白）.

The findings come from a poll of 2,000 people carried out by YouGov for Morphy Richards. A third of people surveyed said that they recognized none of the several symbols shown, while the only symbol recognized by more than half of people was the iron with a single dot. Around 70 per cent knew it meant "iron on a low heat". Just 10 per cent sign knew the sign for "do not dry clean", while only 12 per cent were familiar with "drip dry only".

Despite the sexual revolution, women are still more knowledgeable than men. Awareness was highest among 18 to 29-year-old women---for whom taking care of clothes is clearly important.

Chris Lever, from Morphy Richards, said: "Clothes Care symbols are a unique language, clearly a language that few people in the UK have taken the time to learn."

"Learning the basics such as which icon represents tumble dry and which represents normal wash would go a long way to getting the best out of clothes."

The Home Laundering Consultative Council said it was not surprised to learn that people were unfamiliar with them.

"It's disappointing that there is a lack of recognition, but it's a story that's repeated time and time again," said a spokesman, Adam Mansell. "We are a small organization and we don't have a big budget."

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⑤

60. Women know more about these common symbols than men, because _________.

A. women have the gift of recognizing these symbols by nature

B. women pay more attention to taking care of clothes in their daily life

C. women have much time to know about these symbols

D. women take advantage of the sexual revolution

61. Which of the following can be recognized by the majority of people?

                        

A              B                 C              D

62. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A. Washing clothes is damaging them if we don’t know about some symbols used on clothes labels.

B. Washing clothes is also a cultured knowledge.

C. More and more people devote much time to studying these symbols used on clothes labels.

D. Clothes Care symbols are a unique language, which few people spend time to learn.

Residents along Australia’s east coast awoke in the morning to an orange sky as winds swept millions of tons of red dust from the country’s inland and dumped it on Sydney．

    Tanya Ferguson，living in Sydney，saw that the room was completely orange．She thought there was a bush fire．But when she went outside，the entire city was covered in a film of orange dust．

  “It was like being in the outback(澳大利亚内陆)，but it was right here in the city，”she said On that day，a big dust storm swept through Sydney．It covered the city in orange dust for about eight hours，making landmarks such as the Sydney Opera House and Harbor Bridge invisible．

    The storm affected the transportation system．Flights were delayed．Roads were busy as drivers struggled in the difficult conditions．Children and the elderly were told to stay indoors until the dust had cleared．Later strong winds blew it out to the sea and up the coast．

      No one was hurt in the storm，though health officials answered hundreds of calls from

people with breathing difficulties．Emergency services responded to hundreds of calls about

tree branches brought down by strong winds．

    Dust storms are common in the Australian outback，where the land is arid(贫瘠的)．But the storms rarely reach the coastal regions．

Officials said it was the worst dust storm of the past 70 years．Air pollution levels were

15，500 micrograms of pollutants per cubic meter．

  “On a clear day the pollutants are around 10—20 micrograms per cubic meter，”said Chris

Eiser of the NSW department of the environment．

    Experts said that dry conditions in the outback and strong winds caused the sandstorm．

    “Ten very dry years over inland southern Australia and very strong winds have combined to produce the storm，”said Nigel Tapper，an environmental scientist at Monash University， Australia．

56．The article is about             ．

      A．the causes of the major dust storm in Australian cities

      B．different reactions to a dust storm in Australia

      C．the damage caused by the big dust storm in Australia

      D．the worst dust storm in Australia in the past 70 years

57．Which of the following is TRUE?

      A．The dust storm didn’t blow up to the coastal regions of Australia．

      B．The level of air pollution was very high due to the dust storm．

      C．People called the emergency service because they had got lost．

      D．Children stayed indoors for the schooling had been cancelled．

58．From the passage we can see that               ．

      A．Tanya Ferguson lives in the Australian outback at the moment

      B．a bush fire may have brought the orange dust along the coast

      C．this terrible sandstorm lasted about 24 hours after it hit the city

      D．Sydney’s landmarks were out of sight when the storm happened

59．The tone of the article is                ．

      A．worried               B．sympathetic                 C．objective         D．angry

    Zanzibar，Tanzania--Hundreds of dead dolphins were washed up on Friday along the shore of a popular tourist place on Tanzania’s northern coast．Scientists have ruled out poisoning．

    It was not immediately clear what killed the 400 dolphins，whose dead bodies lied along a 4-kilometer coast of Nungwi，said Narriman Jidawi，a marine biologist at the Institute of Marine Science in Zanzibar．But the bottleneck dolphins，which live in deep offshore waters，had empty stomachs，meaning they could have got lost and had been swimming for some time to reorient themselves．They did not die of hunger and were not poisoned，Jidawi said．

    In the US，experts were looking into the possibility that sonar(声呐)from the US submarine could have caused a similar incident in Marothon，Florida，where 68 deep-water dolphins stranded(搁浅)themselves in March 2005．

    The deaths are a blow to the tourism industry in Zanzibar，where thousands of visitors go to watch and swim with dolphins．Villagers，fishermen and hotel residents found the dead bodies and told officials．Mussa Aboud，Zanzibar’s director of fisheries，went on state radio to warn the public against eating the dolphins’meat，saying the cause of death had not been found．

    The Indo-Pacific bottlenose，commonly known as dolphins，are the most common species in Zanzibar’s coastal waters，with bottlenose and humpback dolphins often found in mixed-species groups．

63．According to the passage，the bottleneck dolphins             ．

    A．are often attacked by submarine in deep water

    B．find it hard to find enough food near the coast

    C．often fall ill along the shore of a tourist place

    D．1ike living in the deep waters near the coast

64．The underlined word“reorient”means            ．

    A．lose their way                    B．find their way

    C．look for food                        D．fight against enemies

65．What can we infer from the passage?

    A．The dolphins died because of the sonar from US submarines．

    B．The dead dolphins can not be eaten as they are poisonous．

    C．The US experts are researching sonar at present．

    D．The ability of locating is extremely important for dolphins．

66．What would be the best title for the passage?

    A．400 dolphins died along the coast of Nungwi．

    B．Dolphins are facing increased risk of death．

    C．It’s necessary for us to protect dolphins．

    D．Nungwi is famous for many dolphins there．

A long-awaited final report from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concludes that foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring(后代) are as safe as those from ordinary animals, effectively removing the last US regulatory(监管的) barrier to the marketing of meat and milk from cloned cattle, pigs and goats.

The 968-page final report, not yet released but obtained by The Washington Post, finds no evidence to support people’s concerns that food from clones may have hidden risks.

But, recognizing that a majority of consumers are wary of food from clones—and that cloning could damage the good image of American milk and meat—the report includes hundreds of pages of raw(原始的) data so that others can see how it came to its conclusions.
The report also admits that human health concerns are not the only subject raised by the coming-out of cloned farm animals.

“Moral, religious and ethical concerns have been raised,” the agency notes in a document accompanying the report. But the report is “exactly a science-based evaluation.” It reports, because the agency is not authorized by law to consider those subjects.

In practice, it will be years before foods from clones make their way to store shelves in large quantities, in part because the clones themselves are too valuable to kill for meat or milk. Instead, the expensive animals—replicas(复制品) of some of the finest farm animals ever born—will be used firstly as breeding stock to create what supporters say will be a new generation of superior farm animals.

When food from those animals hits the market, the public may yet have its say. FDA officials have said they do not expect to require food from clones to be labeled as such, but they may allow foods from ordinary animals to be labeled as not from clones.

64.   What can we infer from the first paragraph?

A.    FDA has waited for a long time to get this final report.

B.    Products from cloned animals have been put into the market before.

C.    People are having the products from cloned animals safely.

D.    There have been once opposite opinions against cloned products.

65.   What does the underlined word “wary” mean?

A. Disappointed.           B. Careful.         C. Fond.                                 D. Proud.

66.   It will be a few years before foods from clones come into the market, partly because _____.

A.    people have little knowledge of the cloned animals

B.    supporters can’t give powerful evidence to support that

C.    the few cloned animals will first be used to create superior animals

D.    they are a new generation for the customers and are too valuable for the customers

67.   What can we conclude from the passage?

A.    FDA officials encourage people to eat more food from clones.

B.    FDA officials think the food from clones will sell better than ordinary food.

C.    People only worry about the health problems when it comes to foods from the clones.

D.    All the foods will not have detailed labels on them.

江苏省南通扬州泰州三市2010届高三第二次模拟考试（英语）word版

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Most book reviews start with a heading that includes all the basic information about the book, like:

Title.

Author.

Place of publication; publisher, date of publication.

Number of pages.

Like most pieces of writing, the review usually begins with an introduction that lets your readers know what the review will say. The first paragraph usually includes the author and title again, so your readers don’t have to look up to find this information. You should also include a very brief description of the contents of the book, the purpose or audience for the book, and your reaction and evaluation.

    Then you move into a section of background information that helps place the book in context and discusses criteria for judging the book. Next, the review gives a summary of the main points of the book, quoting(引用) and explaining key phrases from the author. Finally, you get to the heart of your review – your evaluation of the book. In this section, you might discuss some of the following issues:

how well the book has achieved its goal

what possibilities are suggested by the book

what the book has left out

how the book compares with others on the subject

what specific points are not convincing

what personal experiences you’ve had related to the subject.

It is important to use labels to carefully distinguish your views from the author’s, so that you don’t confuse your reader.

Then, like other essays, you can end with a direct comment on the book, and tie together issues raised in the review in a conclusion.

There is, of course, no set form, but a general rule is that the first one – half to two – thirds of the review should summarize the author’s main ideas and at least one – third should evaluate the book. W ww.k s5u.co m

56．What is the most important part of a book review?

      A．The heading.           B．The evaluation.

       C．The conclusion.              D．The introduction.

57．It can be confusing to readers if          .

       A．there is no heading in a book review

       B．the book has achieved its goal

       C．the viewer’s point of view is not distinguished from the author’s

       D．the book is compared with others on the same subject

58．What is NOT suggested for a book review in this passage?

       A．Quoting from the author of the book.

       B．Providing some book information.

       C．Analyzing only the author of the book.

       D．Comparing the book with others of a similar subject.

59．The best title for this passage is “         ”.

      A．Steps to follow

       B．Tips for writing a book review

       C．The way to develop your idea

       D．Things not to be avoided in a book review

We typically associate the word “science” with a person in a white coat doing experiments in a laboratory. Ideally, experiments should play as big a role in the human sciences as they do in the natural sciences; but in practice this is not usually the case. The are at least three reasons for this.

1．Human scientists are often trying to make sense of complex real world situations in which it is simply impossible to run controlled experiment.

2．The artificiality of some of the experiments that can be conducted may make the behavior of the participants abnormal.

3．There are moral reasons for not conducting experiments that have a negative effect on the people who participate in them.

Faced with the above difficulties, what are human scientists to do? One solution is to wait for nature to provide the appropriate experimental conditions. We can, for example, learn something about how a normal brain functions by looking at people who have suffered brain damage; and we can gain some understanding into the roles played by genes and the environment by studying twins, who have been separated at birth and brought up in different families. In the case of economics, economic history can provide us with a bank of-admittedly not very well-controlled-experimental data.

However, human scientists do not just sit around waiting for natural experiments to arise. They also think of some experiments of their own. Suppose you want to know how a baby sees the world. We cannot, of course, ask the baby since it has not yet learnt to speak. So it might seem that all we can do is guess. People usually won’t change their mind until it was found out that babies tend to stare at surprising things longer than at unsurprising ones. This key understanding was like opening a window on to the developing mind. There was now a way of testing babies’ expectations and getting some idea of how they are six months old, babies can already do the following things: figuring out that objects consist of parts that move together being aware of the difference between living and non-living things and even doing simple arithmetic work.

60．What is true about the natural sciences and the human sciences according to this passage?

A．Both human scientists and natural scientists can run controlled experiments.

B．Experiments done by human scientists and natural scientists are artificial.

C．Both human and natural science experiments should be of the same importance.

D．It’s not moral to conduct human science experiments.

61．What do we know about human scientists from this passage?

A．They are white coat scientists.

B．They have more experimental sources than natural scientists.

C．They conduct experiments passively. W ww.k s5u.co m

D．They face more difficulties in carrying out their research.

62．Which of the following experiments belongs to human science experiment?

A．                Vinegar Volcano Vinegar and baking soda make.

                    for a fun and easy science experiment. Try creating a

                     vinegar volcano.

B．                  Taste Without Smell Put your senses to the test

                     with this simple experiment that shows the

importance of your sense of smell.

C．                 Lung Function Observe your breath and confirm

                     your lung volume by completing this experiment.

D．                 Make a Rainbow Use sunlight and water to

make your own rainbow with this cool experiment

that will teach kids how rainbows work while they

enjoy a fun activity

63．What does the author tell us in this passage?

A．ABCs about the science experiment.

B．Some knowledge of science.

C．Some differences between the human sciences and the natural sciences.

D．The similarity of the natural sciences and the human sciences.

The massive 8.8 quake, the seventh strongest in recorded history, hit Chile and should have shortened the length of an Earth day by 1.26 milliseconds, More impressive is how much the quake shifted the Earth’s axis（地轴）.

The computer mode! Used to determine the effects of the Chile earthquake effect also found that it should have moved the Earth’s figure axis by about 8 cm. The Earth’s figure figure axis is not the same as its north-south axis, which Earth turns around once every day at a speed of about 1,604 kph. The figure axis is the axis around which the Earth’s mass is balanced. It is offset（偏离） from the Earth’s north-south axis by about 10 meters.

Strong earthquakes can change Earth’s days and its axis. The 9.1 Sumatran earthquake in 2004, which set off a deadly tsunami（海啸），should have shortened Earth’s days by 0.0068 milliseconds and shifted its axis by about 7cm.

One Earth day is about 24 hours long. Over the course of a year, the length of a day normally changes gradually by one millisecond, It increases in the winter when Earth more slowly, and decreases in the summer.

The Chile earthquake was much smaller than the Sumatran quake, but its effects on the Earth are larger because of its location. The fault（断层） responsible for the 2010 Chile quake also cuts through Earth at a larger angle that the Sumatran quake’s fault. This makes the Chile fault ore effective in moving the Earth’s mass vertically and hence more effective in shifting the Earth’s figure axis. W ww.k s5u.co m

The findings are based on early date available on the Chile earthquake. The Chile earthquake has killed more than 700 people and cause widespread damage in the South American country.

64．What’s the biggest problem caused by the Chile quake?

A．It is the seventh strongest in recorded history.

B．It should have shortened the length of an Earth day.

C．It shifted the Earth’s axis.

D．It made the day longer on Earth.

65．Comparing the Sumatram earthquake with the Chile earthquake, we know that        .

A．the Sumatram earthquake had more effect on Earth

B．the location of the Chile earthquake is responsible for its larger effects on Earth.

C．the Sumatram earthquake was less destructive

D．the Chile earthquake fault changed the Earth’s mass

66．What does the word “it” in the 4th paragraph refer to?

A．The leng of a day.           B．The axis.

C．One millisecond.            D．The change of the day.

Cricket

About the game:

Cricket is a game played between two teams, generally of 11 members each. Essentially, it is single combat, in which an individual batsman does battle against an individual bowler, who has helpers known as fielders. The bowler throws the ball from one end of the 22-yard pitch in an attempt to dismiss (send out) the batsman by hitting a target known as the wicket at the other end, or by causing the batsman to hit the ball into the air into a fielder's grasp. The batsman attempts to defend the wicket with the bat and to score runs, by striking the ball to the field boundary, or far enough from the fielders to allow the batsman to run to the other end of the pitch before the ball can be returned. There are always two batsmen on the field, each to take a turn as required. When all but one of the batting team, altogether eleven of them, have been dismissed, the teams' roles are switched. After all the players required to bat on both sides have done so either once or twice (which can take from a few hours to five days) the total number of runs accumulated determines the winner. But sometimes there isn't one.

Important terms of cricket:

Batsman: A player who uses a bat to hit, or guide the ball after it has been bowled, usually for the purpose of scoring runs.

Boundary: Indicates the outer limit of the playing area.

Bowler: Refers to a player who’s primarily good at throwing a ball to a batsman. The basic goal is to get the ball past the batsman and break the wicket behind him with it and thus cause the batsman to be dismissed.

Catch: If a fieldsman catches a struck ball before it touches the ground, that is a catch and the batsman is out.

Fielder: A player placed within the field, with the object of stopping the batting team from scoring runs, also called “fieldsman”.

Four: If the ball is hit to bounce or roll over the boundary, this is a "boundary four"; four runs are added.

Run: The method of scoring during a game of cricket. Also refers to a single unit of score.

Six: If the batsman hits the ball clear over the boundary on the fly, six runs are added to the score.

Umpire: A person appointed to rule on plays in cricket.

64. What’s the right order of the four kinds of people (1—4 ) on the cricket ground (see picture on the right ) ?

A. bowler; umpire; batsman; fielder          B. batsman; umpire; fielder; bowler

C. fielder; bowler; batsman; umpire          D. bowler; umpire; fielder; batsman

65. What happens when the batsman hits the ball, which first touches the ground inside the pitch and rolls quickly over the boundary to one of the viewers outside the cricket ground?

A. The batsman gets dismissed.             B. The batting side gets four runs.

C. The batting team gets six runs.           D. The bowler’s team gets four runs.

66. We can learn from the passage that ________.

A. the side which has all its batsmen dismissed wins the game

B. the side which dismisses all batsmen of the other side wins the game

C. the side which gets more runs than the other side wins the game

D. the side which dismisses more of the other side’s batsmen wins the game 

Ocean Acidification: 'Evil Twin' Threatens World's Oceans

The rise in human emissions of carbon dioxide is driving dangerous changes in the chemistry and ecosystems of the world's oceans, international marine（海洋的）scientists have warned. "Ocean conditions are already more extreme than those experienced by marine organisms and ecosystems for millions of years," says the latest issue of the journal Trends in Ecology and Evolution. "This emphasizes the urgent need to adopt policies that markedly reduce CO2 emissions."

Ocean acidification, which the researchers call the 'evil twin of global warming', is caused when the CO2 emitted by human activity, mainly burning fossil fuels, dissolves into the oceans. It is happening independently of, but in combination with, global warming. Evidence gathered by scientists over the last few years suggests that ocean acidification could represent an equal -- or perhaps even greater threat -- to the biology of our planet than global warming. More than 30% of the CO2 released from burning fossil fuels, cement production, deforestation and other human activities goes straight into the oceans, turning them gradually more acidic.

"The resulting acidification will impact many forms of sea life, especially organisms whose shells or skeletons are made from calcium carbonate（碳化钙）, like corals and shellfish. It may interfere with the reproduction of plankton species which are a vital part of the food web on which fish and all other sea life depend," he adds.

The scientists say there is now persuasive evidence that mass extinctions in past Earth history, like the "Great Dying" of 251 million years ago and another wipeout 55 million years ago, were accompanied by ocean acidification, which may have delivered the deathblow to many species that were unable to cope with it. "These past periods can serve as great lessons of what we can expect in the future, if we continue to push the acidity the ocean even further" said lead author, Dr. Carles Pelejero, from ICREA and the Marine Science Institute of CSIC in Barcelona, Spain. "Given the impacts we see in the fossil record, there is no question about the need to immediately reduce the rate at which we are emitting carbon dioxide in the atmosphere," he said further.

"Today, the surface waters of the oceans have already acidified by an average of 0.1 pH units from pre-industrial levels, and we are seeing signs of its impact even in the deep oceans," said co-author Dr. Eva Calvo, from the Marine Science Institute of CSIC in Spain. "Future acidification depends on how much CO2 humans emit from here on -- but by the year 2100 various projections indicate that the oceans will have acidified by a further 0.3 to 0.4 pH units, which is more than many organisms like corals can stand," Prof. Hoegh-Guldberg says.

"This will create conditions not seen on Earth for at least 40 million years."

"These changes are taking place at rates as much as 100 times faster than they ever have over the last tens of millions of years" Prof. Hoegh-Guldberg says. Besides directly impacting on the fishing industry and its contribution to the human food supply at a time when global food demand is doubling, a major die-off in the oceans would affect birds and many land species and change the biology of Earth as a whole profoundly, Prof. Hoegh-Guldberg adds.

67. What is the biggest cause of the ocean acidification according to the report?

   A. the increase of carbon dioxide emission by human beings

   B. The worsening of global warming

   C. The disappearance of the world’s forests

   D. The decrease of marine life

68. In what way according to the report does ocean acidification affect the majority of marine life?

   A. It affects their reproduction          B. It destroys their food chain

   C. It affects the growth of their young    D. destroys their habitats

69. Which of the following statements is NOT true about ocean acidification?

   A. Ocean acidification has made ocean conditions most extreme in millions of years.

   B. Ocean acidification may do more damage than global warming to human and plant life in the long run.

   C. Ocean acidification is suspected of having caused mass extinctions of life in past Earth history.

   D. The effects of ocean acidification are not now but will be felt in the foreseeable future.

70. From the report we can clearly feel that the situation with ocean acidification __________.

   A. is quite optimistic                B. remains well under control

   C. looks more than urgent            D. is already out of control