Experts are finding your standard first aid response may be the worst thing you can do in an emergency.Here’s how to update your first aid kit.

　 CUTS AND SCRAPES

　 When the skin isn’t broken，it’s hard to beat iodine (碘酒) for killing bacteria.　　　

doctors use it to clean before surgery.But when there’s a cut，full?strength iodine and rubbing alcohol can be harmful to skin cells，preventing healing.Putting iodine on cuts and wounds kills bacteria，but it won’t clean the wound.The most effective way is washing the wound with water.

　 BURNS

　 If you spread some butter on the burn to ease the pain，it isn’t a good idea.Butter was thought to cool the burn，but it can cause infection and create an environment for bacterial growth.Run the burn under cool water immediately to help remove the heat and put an end to the damaging process. Wrap the burn with a bandage，and keep it clean and dry.If blisters (水泡) form，don’t break them.

　 POISONING

　 When a child swallows anything poisonous，parents probably think they’re well prepared if ipecac (催吐剂) is on hand.Wrong.Ipecac was thought to be a good way to treat a child who had swallowed a poisonous substance，but not any more because it doesn’t always remove the toxic substance.That may cause dehydration (脱水) and prevent doctors from giving other treatments.

　 EXCESS BLEEDING

　 Everyone learns how to stop bleeding with a tourniquet (止血带).But studies show this method causes more harm than good.Tourniquets can increase the risk of tissue damage or even the loss of a limb.Apply direct pressure to the wound.Simply place a clean cloth on the wound and press firmly；don’t remove the cloth，even if it gets black.If necessary，add more cloths.If that’s not enough，you can further slow the blood flow by applying pressure to the main artery (动脉) of the upper arm or leg.

1.What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)

2.Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

　 However，by studying we know this method does more harm instead of doing more good.

　 3.Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(Please answer 　 within 5 words.)

　 4.What should we do in order to give useful first aids? (Please answer within 30 words.)

5.Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

You talk too much, Mary. You’ll have to hear what ________ has to say.

A. somebody else　　　　 B. anyone else

C. other people　　　　　 D. others

The government did not have the support of __________ . 政府不得人心。

I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______for her.
A. had to write it out           B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out     D. ought to write it out

The number of tickets _____ will be determined by the size of the stadium.

　 A. adaptable　 B. acceptable　 C. advisable　 D. available

-----Shall I call in the doctor for you?　　　　

----- _____. I’ll go and see him himself.

A. You are welcome 　 B. Not at all

C. Never nind 　 　　 D. All right

Take your time—it’s just _____ short distance from here to _____ restaurant.

　 A.不填；the　　　 B. a; the　　 C. the; a　　 D.不填；a

They take little interest in a 　　 far from their homes and 　　 from their everyday problems.

A. debate; far　　　 B. conflict; remote C. fight; distant　　 D. discussion; away

In face of _______ failure, it is the most important to keep up _______ good state of mind.

A. a; 不填 　　　　　 B. 不填; a　　　 C. the; 不填 　　　　 D. 不填; the

The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that 80 percent of all human illness are connected with diet and 40 percent of cancer is connected with the diet as well that food is connected with illness is not a new discovery. In 1940’s scientists realized that nitrates（硝酸盐）, which are often used to keep color of meat, and other additives（添加剂）caused cancer. However these additives remain in our food and it becomes more difficult to know which additives are helpful or harmful. Farmers sometimes give drugs to animals not because the animals are ill but because they want to sell the animals at higher prices. For example farmers try hard to make animals grow big so that they can sell the big animals for more money. Although the Food and Drug Administration has tried again and again to control farmers to do so, farmers go on doing this.

1. According to the passage, what has science done to mankind?

　 A. Because of science there is no polluted food any more.

　 B. Science makes food have less value.

　 C. As a result of scientific invention, some things that may be harmful have been added to our food.

　 D. Now the scientists can keep the color of meat but not that of vegetable.

2. What are nitrates used for?

　 A. They keep flavor of food.

　 B. They keep the color of meat.

　 C. They keep food fresh.

　 D. They make animals fatter.

3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

　 A. Some additives besides nitrates can cause cancer.

　 B. All additives cause illness.

　 C. All additives can cause cancer.

　 D. Nitrates except other additives can cause cancer.

4. The word “profound” underlined means 　　　　　 .

　 A. good　　　　 B. bad　　　　 C. much　　　　 D. great

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　 A. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons.

　 B. Some additives in our food are added not only to the food but also to the animal.

　 C. Scientists knew that some additives are harmful to people over fifty years ago.

　 D. Food may cause 40 percent of cancer in the world.