People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is estimated（估计） that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental", i.e., they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（违反；侵犯）of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.

Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.

Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

71. A “developmental" disability ______.

  A. develops very slowly over time             B. is caused by forces

  C. occurs in youth and affects development      D. is getting more and more severe

72. Most disabled people used to die early because ______.

  A. disabilities destroyed major bodily functions   

  B. they were not very well looked after

  C. medical techniques were not available       

  D. they were too poor to get proper treatment

73. In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, ______.

  A．more laws should be passed                B．public attitudes should be changed

  C．government should provide more aids        D．more public facilities should be set up

74. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage ?

  A．Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.

  B．The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.

  C．The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them.

  D．Discriminatory laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.

75. The best title for this passage might be ______.

  A．Handicaps（障碍）of People with Disabilities

  B．The physical difficulties of the Disabled

  C．The Causes for Disabilities                               

  D．Medical Treatments for Disabilities

    So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“ reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.

　　Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.

　　Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

　　If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable ,what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. ”

　　When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

66．The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that                 _______________.

　　A. it is one of the most difficult school courses

　　B. students spend endless hours in reading

　　C. reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

　　D. too much time is spent in teaching about reading

67．The teaching of reading will be successful if _______________.

　　A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

　　B. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

　　C. teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

　　D. teachers can make their teaching activities observable

68．The underlined word“ scrutiny” most probably means“______________”.

　　A. inquiry　　　　　　　　　　　 B. observation

　　C. control　　　　　　　　　　　 D. suspicion

69．According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when               ______________.

　　A. children become highly motivated

　　B. teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

　　C. teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

　　D. reading enriches children’s experience

70．The main idea of the passage is that ______________.

　　A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

　　B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

　　C. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

　　D. reading is more complicated that generally believed

In the kitchen of my mother’s houses there has always been a wooden stand (木架) with a small notepad (记事本)and a hole for a pencil.

I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it can’t be the same pencil? The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one.

“I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.” I say to her, walking back into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil. Can’t you afford a pen?”

My mother replies a little sharply. “It works perfectly well. I’ve always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in those days.”

Immediately I can picture her, hair wild, blue housecoat covered in flour, a wooden spoon in one hand, the pencil in the other, her mouth moving silently. My mother smiles and says, “One day I was cooking and watching baby Pauline, and I had a brilliant thought, but the stand was empty. One of the children must have taken the paper. So I just picked up the breadboard and wrote it all down on the back. It turned out to be a real breakthrough for solving the mathematical problem I was working on.”

This story—which happened before I was born—reminds me how extraordinary my mother was, and is, as a gifted mathematician. I feel embarrassed that I complain about not having enough child-free time to work. Later, when my mother is in the bathroom, I go into her kitchen and turn over the breadboards. Sure enough, on the back of the smallest one, are some penciled marks I recognize as mathematics. Those symbols have travelled unaffected through fifty years, rooted in the soil of a cheap wooden breadboard, invisible (看不到的) exhibits at every meal.

61. Why has the author’s mother always kept the notepad and pencil in the kitchen?

A. To leave messages.

B. To list her everyday tasks.

C. To note down maths problems.

D. To write down a flash of inspiration.

62. What is the author’s original opinion about the wooden stand?

A. It has great value for the family.

B. It needs to be replaced by a better one.

C. It brings her back to her lonely childhood.

D. It should be passed on to the next generation.

63. The author feels embarrassed for 　　　　　　.

A. blaming her mother wrongly

B. giving her mother a lot of trouble

C. not making good use of time as her mother did

D. not making any breakthrough in her field

64. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. The mother is successful in her career.

B. The family members like travelling.

C. The author had little time to play when young.

D. The marks on the breadboard have disappeared.

65. In the author’s mind, her mother is 　　　　　　.

A. strange in behaviour

B. keen on her research

C. fond of collecting old things

D. careless about her appearance

Few people ever took notice of Mr. Jimmy Tan whenever he entered a room. He was a shy, quiet and simple man who preferred to keep to himself in public. On the other hand, Mr. Thomas Kim, a fellow scientist, was a man everyone would notice on the streets. He wore bright outfits with huge flower prints, spoke with a booming voice, and his laughter could be heard from all corners of a room. In addition to the differences in their characters, Mr. Kim and Mr. Tan were also great rivals at work in the Institute of Future Science.

On Christmas Eve, everyone left work early to celebrate the special occasion, except for Mr. Tan and Mr. Kim. They were in their laboratory analyzing the results of their latest experiments. Mr. Tan realized that something special was taking place in his experiment —the bacteria he had cultured were growing extremely quickly under high pressure and at a very low temperature. After noting down the findings in his notebook, he left the room to prepare for another round of tests. Shortly after, Mr. Kim entered.

“Hey Jimmy,” Mr. Kim called out, “do you have an extra copy of the laboratory booking form?”

There was no reply, so Mr. Kim looked through Mr. Tan’s things. He soon found Mr. Tan's notebook and was horrified to see that Mr. Tan had managed to make one of the most important discoveries in modern science. He then looked into the deep-freeze cupboard where a dish containing the bacteria was kept. He put them into his pocket and returned to his own laboratory.

Mr. Tan came back an hour later to find his notebook and the dish missing. He knew that Mr. Kim had taken them and went to Mr. Kim's laboratory to find out. When he opened the door, he found Mr. Kim lying on the floor motionless. His face was pale and his skin had turned black. The deadly bacteria had been handled improperly. He shook his head and left.

56. From the first paragraph we know Mr. Kim was a quite     person.

A. famous                                                B. hardworking          

C. wealthy                                                D. outgoing

57. The underlined word "rivals" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to    .

A. enemies                                                 B. colleagues          

C. competitors                                          D. friends

58. What does the underlined word “them” refer to in the 4th paragraph?

A. the most important discoveries              

B. the notebook and the dish

C. the cupboard and the bacteria                

D. the dish and the bacteria

59. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Mr. Kim was afraid Mr. Tan might succeed ahead of him.

B. Mr. Tan's bacteria grew very fast in a warm container.

C. Mr. Tan worked much harder than Mr. Kim.

D. Mr. Kim was so tired that he fell down into sleep.

60. What happened to Mr. Kim in the end?

A. He died on Christmas Eve.                    

B. He was arrested by the police.

C. He shared the success with Mr. Tan.      

D. He succeeded ahead of Mr. Tan.

　 Peter and Paul had a permission from their parents to camp in a field close to their farm. But, being adventurous boys, they know it would be more 　36 to camp in the woods that lay beyond the river. Excitedly, the boys 37 with their tent and food.

Carrying their heavy 38 , the two brothers walked along the riverbank, hardly noticing the distance or the sun beating down. They were eager to reach their 39 before lunchtime. As they entered the cool, shadowy woods, they began to search for a suitable camping spot. Peter wanted to 40 close to the river at the edge of the woods, 41 Paul, who was older, insisted that they camp further away. 42 Peter followed his brother deeper into the 43 . “This really is a wonderful setting!” said Paul in excitement. They 44 the tent , and settled down to eat the sandwiches they had made, then decided to find their way 45 to the river to catch some fish.

“Are you sure that this is the right 46 ?” whispered Peter shakily. “I’m sure we passed that hollow tree just a while ago.” Paul walked 47 silently. “Look, there it is again. We’re lost, aren’t we?” complained Peter. Paul had to admit that he didn’t know where they were. 48 , they were a long distance from where they were 49 to be. They were not even 50 of where they had set up their camp. They set in 51 for a few minutes until Peter had a bright idea. “Why don’t we look for clues（线索） the way trackers 52 in the movies? We weren’t careful about how we walked, so I’m sure we would have left 53 some broken tree branches and leaves. ”

Carefully, the boys 54 the marks that they had left, until finally they found their campsite. Hurriedly, they packed their belongings and set off 55 the direction of the river.

What would their parents think of their adventure?

36.　 A. surprising　　　　　 B. exciting 　　　　　　　 C. annoying　　　　　　　 D. frightening

37.　 A. went round　　　 B. went back　　　　　　　 C. went away　　　　　 D. went through

38.　 A. load　　　　　　　　　 B. torch　　　　　　　　　　 C. food 　　　　　　　　　 D. storage

39.　 A. grassland　　　　　 B. destination　　　　　　 C. field 　　　　　　　　　 D. river

40.　 A. live　　　　　　　　　 B. lie 　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. wait 　　　　　　　　 D. stay

41.　 A. but　　　　　　　　　 B. and　　　　　　　　　　　 C. or　　　　　　　　　　　 D. so

42.　 A. Unconsciously　 B. Unfortunately　　　　 C. Unwilling 　　　　　 D.Uninterestingly

43.　 A. woods　　　　　　　 B. farm 　　　　　　　　　 C. setting　　　　　　　　 D. camp

44.　 A. put off　　　　　　　 B. put on　　　　　　　　　 C. put down　　　　　　 D. put up

45.　 A. forward　　　　　　 B. near　　　　　　　　　　　 C. back　　　　　　　　　　 D. further

46.　 A. place　　　　　　　　 B. mark 　　　　　　　　　 C. way 　　　　　　　　 D. time

47.　 A. alone　　　　　　　　 B. about　　　　　　　　　　 C. in　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. on

48.　 A. After all　　　　　　 B. At last　　　　　　　　　　 C. Above all　　　　　　　 D. At first

49.　 A. discovered　　　　 B. encouraged　　　　　　 C. persuaded　　　　　　 D. supposed

50.　 A. afraid　　　　　　　　 B. sure 　　　　　　　　　　 C. informed 　　　　　　 D. reminded

51.　 A. enjoyment　　　　 B. satisfaction 　　　　　 C. disappointment 　 D. imagination

52.　 A. appear　　　　　　　 B. do　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. work 　　　　　　　　 D. behave

53.　 A. behind　　　　　　　 B. out 　　　　　　　　　　　 C. aside 　　　　　　　　　 D. amount

54.　 A.fetched 　　　　　　 B. watched 　　　　　　　 C. followed 　　　　　　 D. collected

55.　 A.for　　　　　　　　　　 B. to　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. at　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. in

一 I’m sorry. That wasn’t of much help.

一 Oh，　　　 . As a matter of fact，it was most helpful.

A. sure it was　　　 B. it doesn’t matter　 C. of course not　 　D. thanks anyway

What would have happened____, as far as the river bank?

A. Bob had walked farther　　　　 B. if Bob should walk farther　　　

C. had Bob walked farther　　　 D. if Bob walked farther

—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?

—You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15.

A. as　　　　　　　 B. which　　　　　　 C. where　　　　 D. that

A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, _____ at least 12 people.

 It is uncertain __ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

  A. that                B. what             C. how              D. whether