“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March (possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.

He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning: “Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves serious complications (复杂化), ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.

In one interesting part of the book, for example, he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately reality is presented, the less understandable the story, and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”

Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a poet, and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding: Don’t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.

67. According to the text, James March is ________.

A. a poet who uses experience in his writing

B. a teacher who teachers story writing in university

C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act

D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions

68. According to James March, experience ________.

A. is overvalued                                 B. is easy to explain

C. should be actively sought                       D. should be highly respected

69. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A. Experience makes stories more accurate.

B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.

C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.

D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.

70. What’s the purpose of this text?

A. To introduce a book.                B. To describe a researcher.

C. To explain experiential learning.         D. To discuss organizational decision making.

Toyoda said those changes were being made nearly around the clock，but during three hours of often tense questions and answers he repeated that there was no link to the vehicle’s electronic systems．

Many drivers making complaints against Toyota and the government say their acceleration problems had nothing to do with floor mat interference(油门踏板故障)or sticky gas pedals(刹车)．Outside experts have suggested electronic problems.

　 House lawmakers expressed serious criticism on Toyoda，the grandson of the company’s founder．

　 The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)is seeking records on Toyota’s recalls and is conducting its own review on whether electronics were behind the car faults．NHTSA also continues to look into steering complaints from drivers of the popular Corolla model．

　 Toyota has recalled 8.5 million cars，more than 6 million of them in the United States．

　 It may be a while before car buyers believe that Toyota really makes safe cars．

　 Toyota’s January sales already fell 16 percent even as most other automakers jumped back from last year’s bad results．Analyst Koji Endo of Advanced Research Japan in Tokyo said he expects February sales，due out next week，to be down 30 percent to 40. Toyota’s sales problem could continue beyond that．

　 It will take some time to feel the full effect of this，he said．

63. The best title for this passage is　　　　　 ．

　 A. Toyota is in trouble　 　　　　　　　　 B. Toyota is under hearing

　 C. Toyota is finished 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. Toyota is still running

64. What is the purpose of the hearing?

　 A. America hopes that Toyota apologizes to the US customers．

　 B. America wants to get Toyota out of the US market．

　 C. America wants to help Toyota out of difficulty．

　 D.America hopes that Toyota admits their cars have electronic system problem．

65. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Toyota provides very good post sale service．　

B. Toyota’s biggest market is in the United States．

C. Toyota will be closed soon．

D. Toyota’s dealership in the US will all be closed．

66. The last sentence of this passage indicates 　　　　　 .

　 A. Analyst Koji Endo is fully confident about Toyota

　 B. Toyota could meet a worse situation

　 C. Toyota would get out of trouble sooner or later

　 D. Toyota would build up a better reputation among its customers

Today is National Bike-to-Work Day. And on New York City’s jammed streets, people are cycling on hundreds of miles of new bike lanes. But New York’s widespread efforts to make streets safer for bikes have also left some locals complaining about the loss of parking spots and lanes for cars.

When the weather is good, Aaron Naparstek likes to pedal（用踏板踩）his two young kids to school on a special Dutch-made bicycle. Naparstek supports the new lane.

Aaron: The bike lane on Prospect Park West is really introducing a lot of new people to the idea that it’s possible to use a bike in New York City for transportation or to travel around. This is what 21^st century New York City looks like.

Prospect Park West is still a one-way road, but where it used to have three lanes of car traffic, now it has two, plus a protected bike lane. Supporters say that makes the road safer for everyone, including pedestrians, by slowing down cars and taking bikes off the sidewalk. But some longtime residents disagree. Lois Carswell is president of a group called Seniors for Safety. She says the two-way bike lane is dangerous to older residents who are used to one-way traffic.

Lois: We wanted a lane — the right kind of lane that would keep everybody safe, that would keep the bikers safe. But we want it to be done the right way. And it has not been done the right way.

Craig Palmer builds bars and restaurants in Manhattan. I was interviewing him for a different story when he brought up the bike lanes all on his own.

Craig: I think the biggest problem is that Bloomberg put all these bike lanes in. You took what used to be a full street and you’re shrinking it.

Then there are the Hasidic Jews in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, who forced the city to remove a bike lane through their neighborhood. But polls show that the majority of New Yorkers support bike lanes by a margin of 56% to 39%. Bicycle advocate Caroline Samponaro of Transportation Alternatives calls that a mandate.

Caroline: If this was an election, we would have already had our victory. The public has spoken and they keep speaking. And I think, more importantly, the public is starting to vote with their pedals.

59. What does Aaron mean by saying “This is what 21^st century New York City looks like.”? 

A. There are hundreds of miles of new bike lanes in 21 ^st century New York City.

B. Drivers slow down their cars and bikes are taken off the sidewalk in New York.

C. Bikes are used as a means of transport in 21 ^st century New York City.

D. It’s possible to make the streets safe for pedestrians in New York.

60. According to the passage, which of the following CANNOT support the opponents of these new bike lanes?   

A. Drivers lose parking spots and lanes for cars.

B. The two-way bike lane is dangerous to older residents.

C. We took what used to be a full street so the road is broader than before.

D. The removal of one bike lane through a neighbourhood in Brooklyn was not supported by the majority of New Yorkers.

61. “A mandate” in Paragraph 8 was referred to a demand or command from ______.

A. the authority        B. the public          C. the supporters   D. the government

62. What of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Ride on National Bike-to-Work Day      B. A New Bike Lane Appears in New York 

C. A Bike Lane Divides New Yorkers       D. Who Wins an Election 

Some say every day miracles are predestined (注定的)---- All that’s necessary is readiness, the right circumstance for the appointed meeting. And it can happen anywhere.  

In 1999, 11-year-old Kevin Stephan was a bat boy for his younger brother's Little League team in Lancaster, New York. It was an early evening in late July. Kevin was standing on the grass away from the plate, where another youngster was warming up for the next game. Swinging his bat back and forth, and giving it all the power an elementary school kid could give, the boy brought the bat back hard and hit Kevin in the chest. His heart stopped.  

When Kevin fell to the ground, the mother of one of the players rushed out of the stands to his aid. Penny Brown hadn't planned to be there that day, but at the last minute, she had changed  her shift (轮班) at the hospital, and she was given the night off. Penny bent over the senseless boy, his face already starting to turn blue, and giving CPR, breathing into his mouth and giving chest compressions (按压). And he came to life.
    After his recovery, he became a volunteer junior firefighter, learning some of the emergency first-aid techniques that had saved his life. He studied hard in school and was saving money for college by working as a dishwasher in a local restaurant in his spare time.

Kevin, now 17, was working in the kitchen when he heard people screaming, customers in confusion, employees rushing toward a table. He hurried into the main room and saw a woman there, her face turning blue, her hands at her throat. She was choking .

Quickly Kevin stepped behind her, wrapped his arms around her and clasped his hands. Then, using skills he'd first learned in Scouts, the food that was trapped in the woman's throat was freed. The color began to return to her face.

 “The food was stuck. I couldn't breathe,” she said. She thought she was dying. “I was very frightened.”

Who was the woman?

Penny Brown.

56. Kevin Stephan fell to the ground and fainted probably because ________.
 A. he stood close to the boy who was swinging his bat

 B. he suffered from heart attack all of a sudden

 C. he was too excited when watching the game

 D. he swung the bat too hard to keep his balance

57. Which of the following statements is True of Kevin Stephan?

 A. He was hit on the face by a boy and almost lost his life.

 B. He was a volunteer junior firefighter, teaching the players first-aid skills.

 C. He worked part-time in a local restaurant to save money for college.

 D. He saved Penny Brown though he didn’t really know how to deal with food choke

58. Why did Penny Brown change her shift and was given the night off that night?

 A. She was there to give her son directions.

 B. She volunteered to give medical services.

 C. She was a little worried about her son’s safety.

 D. She came to watch her son’s game and cheered him .

On the Iraq?Syria border，a pack of wild dogs circled American soldiers for food．The leader of the pack was a gray?and?white dog．The soldiers called him Nubs．Nubs was shaking and __36__ able to stand．Marine major Brian Dennis looked closer and saw that there was a knife wound __37__ his chest．

Dennis couldn’t stand seeing the dog __38__．He and his men immediately treated the wound，and gave Nubs medicine．Nubs__39__but was still in pain．The next day，the team had to__40__．Ten days later，Dennis’s unit was back，and so was Nubs．He was still___41__，but the men fed him and played with him．

Before long the unit once again__42__an outpost (前哨) 70 miles away．Nubs，slowly but determinedly，__43__them far into the trackless wasteland until the men lost__44__of him．Two days later，beyond Dennis’s__45__，he saw Nubs just outside the outpost．The dog had tracked him across 70 miles of frozen desert to__46__with the friend who had saved his life．From then on Nubs and the men slept in the same place，and ran around in the same ruins．

Until an order came down from above that they were not__47__to have pets. Dennis__48__to make sure the dog would continue to live the__49__life．So he quickly raised $4,000 from his family and friends to fly Nubs to__50__．

A month later，when Dennis and the dog were__51__in California，at first Nubs didn’t recognize the guy．__52__within minutes，the dog jumped into Dennis’s arms，jumping up again and again to__53__ his friend’s face．

A little__54__and concern in the middle of war will not save a violent world．But small stories，like the story of a soldier and a dog，hold a promise of a(n) __55__world．

36．A．mostly　　　　　　　　　 B．certainly　　　　　　　　 C．hardly　　　　　　　　　　 D．never

37．A．in　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．on　　　　　　　　　　　　 C．at　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．behind

38．A．stand　　　　　　　 　 B．starve　　　　　　　　　　 C．bleed　　　　　　　 　 D．suffer

39．A．pulled through 　　　 B．fell asleep　　　　　　　 C．woke up 　　　　　　 D．fell down

40．A．leave　　　　　　　　　　 B．rest　　　　　　　　　　　 C．pass　　　　　　　　　　　 D．remain

41．A．hungry　　　　　 　 B．tired　　　　　　　　　　　 C．dirty　　　　　　　　　　　 D．weak

42．A．took up B．took over C．left for D．returned from

43．A．watched 　　　 　　B．followed　　　　　　　　 C．accompanied 　　　　　　 D．barked

44．A．touch 　　　　　 　　B．sight　　　　　　　　　　　 C．footprint 　　　　　　 D．smell

45．A．ability 　　　　　 　　B．surprise　　　　　　　　 C．imagination 　 D．understanding

46．A．part 　　　　　　 　　B．fight　　　　　　　　　　　 C．meet 　　　　　　　　　 D．break

47．A．asked 　　　　　 　　B．suggested　　　　　　　 C．required 　　　　D．allowed

48．A．decided 　　　 　　B．agreed　　　　　　　　　 C．accepted 　　　　　　 D．proposed

49．A．moving 　　　 　　B．good　　　　　　　　　　　 C．numb 　　　　　　　　 D．interesting

50．A．London 　　　　B．America　　　　　　　　 C．Iraq 　　　　　　　　　 D．Syria

51．A．found 　　　　　 　　B．interviewed　　　　　　 C．linked 　　　　　　　　 D．reunited

52．A．So 　　　　　　　 　　B．And　　　　　　　　　　　 C．But 　　　　　　　　　　 D．Though

53．A．lick 　　　　　　 　　B．touch　　　　　　　 　 C．bite 　　　　　　　　　　 D．clean

54．A．pity 　　　　　　 　　B．mercy　　　　　　　　　　 C．care 　　　　　　　　　 D．contribution

55．A．equal 　　　　　 　　B．harmonious　　　　　　 C．prosperous 　　　　 D．amazing

--Wow, isn’t this handsome device the most popular iphone5? Can I have a look at it?　

--______.

A. No, you can’t B. Sorry, it’s expensive

C. Of course, it looks good D. Yes, go ahead

 Everybody knows about it! No one knows _________ prevented the rumor from spreading.

   A. what was it that    B. what it was that C. how it was that          D. why it was that

 __________ after a whole day’s work that he could hardly stand it.

    A. So he was tired and hungry           B. Was he so tired and hungry

    C. So tired and hungry was he           D. So tired and hungry he was

— Mr. Smith never means what he says．I dislike him．

— ______________, as the saying goes．

A. A single flower does not make a spring　　　　

B. A still tongue makes a wise head

C. A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds

D. Actions speak louder than words．

 A scientist who can speak English is in closer touch with those of other countries than ______ who doesn’t.

A. that                    B. those                 C. /                             D. one