Translation

1 近年来，交通和食品安全倍受重视。(emphasis)   

2直到看到眼前发生的一切时，他才意识到危险。(Not, aware)

3尽管遇到一个又一个失败，他依然坚守信念，并且更加努力地工作(stick)

4 我们学校的体育和艺术节宗旨是为学生提供一个展示才华和全面发展的机会．(aim)

5 新一届领导人将努力确保人人享有平等的机会，无论是来自怎样的社会或家庭背景，只要通过努力，就可以取得回报。(regardless)

Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sun glasses. He walked in as if he would buy the school. And the word quickly got around 5　 he was from New York City.

For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt pleased because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in the last row.

He was wrong, 　 6　 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back. It might have made it a little harder for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary,

　 7　 made her feel like a star.

“Do you need those glasses 　 8　 medical reasons?” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head. “Then I’d appreciate 　 9　 if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I am speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do. Then he took them off, gave a big smile and said “It is wearing them 　 10　 made me cool.”

Every city has their trademark dish, but    1    it comes to local specialties, Xi’an stands out. CNN named the city one of Asia’s top 10 greatest street food cities. So what are its well-known specialties?

Roujiamo

   2    (Know) as Xi’an’s signature “hamburger”, roujiamo is a popular street food that has spread all over China. A meat filling, usually mutton or beef, is stewed (炖) with more than a dozen spices for hours    3    it melts in the mouth. Then the shredded (切碎的) meat is served on a flat “bread” bun with sweet pepper and some other vegetables.
Liangpi
       4    its name suggests, this is a dish of cold noodles especially suited to summer time eating. The thick white wheat noodles are served with vinegar, salt, chili oil and so on. The ingredients create a wonderful flavor combination which is only improved by adding sliced cucumbers or bean sprouts (豆芽).

Forest schools are a type of outdoor education in which children (or adults) visit forests, learning personal, social and technical skills. It has been defined as “an inspirational process that offers children, young people and adults regular opportunities to achieve and develop confidence through hands-on learning in a woodland environment”.

Forest schools use the woods and forests as a means to build independence and self-esteem in school-age children. Topics are broad including the natural environment, for example the role of trees in society, the complex ecosystem supported by a wilderness, and recognition of specific plants and animals. However, the personal skills are considered highly valuable, such as teamwork and problem solving. The woodland environment may be used to learn about more abstract concepts such as mathematics and communication. Forest schools are also called nature schools.

Schedules within forest schools vary, but a typical approach is to take school children to woodland for once a week, with 6 week observation period at first. Often a baseline(基线)is produced for each child in terms of areas of their overall development, with particular emphasis on their social and emotional aspects of learning (SEAL). Once the baseline assessment has been produced, the Forest School teachers will then continue with the long term programme over the course of the academic year in order to support the child in their development and learning. The teachers will provide opportunities for each child to develop in areas that have been identified as requiring interventions(介入)or support of any kind. The time and frequency of visits influences the degree of outcome most; more time spent in forest schools brings greater benefits. Visits should continue throughout the year, allowing children to experience all weathers and the changing seasons.

Forest schools are often “led by the child’s interests” by comparison to other outdoor education which “starts with a problem for the children to investigate”.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statement in about ten words.)

78．The goal of forest schools is defined as to __________________in a woodland environment.

79．What personal skills are considered highly valuable in Forest schools?

   __________________________________________________________________________

80．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?

  ___________________________________________________________________________

Experts in the food industry are thinking a lot about trash(垃圾) these days. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are making up for the rising costs of waste in new ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems making food in smaller amount or trying to cut down on trash-hauling(托运)costs. Roughly 30% percent of food in the United States goes to waste, costing some $48 billion annually according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study. A 2004 University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s biggest dining halls to find there were no cafeteria trays. Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38% percent at the cafeterias, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech’s sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbled whatever looked good at the canteen, only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.

   That same phenomenon often happens at Oregon’s Portland International Airport. Busy travelers often throw half-eaten meals into trash cans, adding dozens of tons of waste that the airport must pay the city to haul away. Now the airport is carrying out a program to install food-only trash carts. The food waste is collected in biodegradabe(可生物分解的) bags and given to the city to use as compost(堆肥). Besides being environmentally friendly, the changes may save the airport money. It costs about $82 to have one ton of trash hauled from the airport to the city landfill(垃圾掩埋场). But food waste costs about $48 a ton to haul.

   Cutting back on the waste can require spending money on software and training. LeanPath, based in Portland, Ore, sells a software system to track food being thrown out. Steve Peterson, head chef at the MGM Grand hotel in Las Vegas, said he was surprised when he installed the LeanPath system and saw the value of food that was going out the back door. To cut costs, Peterson decided to reduce serving sizes. He said customers weren’t bothered by the switch, which has helped him lower food waste by between 15 to 20 percent over 18 month.

73. The main reason for people paying attention to food waste is ______________.

A. to lower the cost of food waste         B. to save more food for the world.

C. to keep the dining room clean          D. to reduce the effort of cooking

74. What kind of measure has been taken to cut food waste?

 A. Making cafeteria at colleges and universities trayless.

 B. Using software system to trace the location of the trash.

 C. Trying to remove the food waste little by little.

 D. Charging higher prices for smaller amount of food.

75. What’s the benefit of installing food-only trash cans at the airport?

 A. Keeping the airport clean and tidy.

 B. Fastering the process of making trash into compost.

 C. Reducing the cost of removing the trash.

 D. Reminding the passengers to produce less trash.

76. In which way can software help reduce the food waste?

 A. It can store varieties of measures for people to choose.

 B. It can help people to be informed of the food waste.

 C. It can calculate the total amount of the food offered.

 D. It can connect the food needed with the data of customers.

77. What is the passage mainly about?

 A. Great amount of food is wasted at public places.

 B. Individuals don’t pay attention to food waste.

 C. It costs big money to handle food waste.

 D. Lots of new methods are taken to deal with food waste.

My eighth grade consisted of 28 classmates．We knew each other so well that most of us could distinguish each other’s handwriting at a glance．Although we grew up together, we still had class outcasts(被抛弃者)．From second grade on, a small group started harassing(骚扰)two or three of the others．I was one of those two or three, though I didn’t know why．In most cases when children get picked on, they aren’t good at sports or they read too much or they wear the wrong clothes or they are of a different race．But in my class, we all read too much and didn’t know how to play sports．We had also been brought up to carefully respect each other’s race．This is what was so strange about my situation．Usually, people are made outcasts because they are in some way different from the larger group．But in my class, large differences did not exist．It was as if the outcasts were invented by the group out of a need for them．

The harassment came in the form of laughter when I talked, and rolled eyes when I turned around．If I was out on the playground and approached a group of people, they often fell silent. Sometimes, someone would not see me coming and I would catch the tail end of a joke at my expense．

There was another girl in our class who was perhaps even more rejected than I．She provided the group with a lot of material for jokes. One day one popular girl came up to me to show me something she said I wouldn’t want to miss．We walked to a corner of the playground．Three or four girls there were reading aloud from a small book, which I was told was the girl’s diary．

I sat down and, laughing till my sides hurt, heard my voice finally mixed with the others．Often being accepted by others is more satisfying than being accepted by oneself, even though the satisfaction does not last．Looking back, I wonder how I could have participated in making fun of this girl when I knew perfectly well how it felt．If I were in that situation today I would react differently, but I can’t honestly be sure．

69．The author was made an outcast because _________．

       A．she couldn’t play sports as well as others                       

B．her family belonged to a minority group

       C．her classmates found her clothes funny                       

D．her classmates required an outcast

70．How was the author treated as an outcast?

       A．She was often the target of teasing．

B．No one responded to her talking．

       C．She was refused to approach others．

D．Her diary was often made public．

71．What did the author do to the girl mentioned in Paragraph 3?

       A．She showed great sympathy with the girl．

       B．She joined others in making fun of the girl．

       C．She stopped the others from hurting the girl．

       D．She found more materials about the girl for jokes．

72．What does the passage intend to tell us?

       A．Someone is likely to become an outcast．

       B．We shouldn’t hit a person when he is down．

       C．One should pay somebody back in his own way．

       D．Everyone has a desire to be accepted by others．

Facebook means never having to say goodbye．The social media website has enjoyed a reputation for reconnecting old friends. Last week, a guy whom I hadn’t seen since my bachelor (单身汉) party five years ago sent me a friend request．I accepted and waited for “Easy E” to send me a greeting of some kind. He had sought me out, after all．

I learned from his profile that he was in a relationship and had a son．However, I’m pretty sure we won’t ever write wall-to-wall, let alone e-mail each other．But he’ll remain a friend of’ online until one of us makes a point of’ removing the other from his official list．

My pool of friends consists of family members, college buddies, co-workers from past and present, and friends of’ friends. There are 35 in all．If I spent some time uploading old e-mail addresses, I’m confident that I could increase my friend count actually．

A person could make a mission out of’ reconnecting with childhood friends, former classmates,  distant cousins, and those one would like to get to know better．And some people can even handle hundreds of no-screen relationships, keeping up with the daily happenings of their small army of’ companions．After all, there are worse fates than having too many friends．

Thanks to e-mail, the inability to schedule face-to-face meetings no longer means a friendship must come to a close．But even with e-mail, people will lose touch if one or both parties stop writing back．That’s normal．People move from school to school, job to job, city to city．You never have to feel guilty for breaking away．

Every day, the masterminds of’ Web 2.0 find new ways of’ making human communication easier. However, convenience can be a crutch(拐杖)．Some things shouldn’t be simplified．Talking about friendship, there can be no shortcuts．

65．According to Paragraph l, the website is famous because  ___________ ．

       A．it has an interesting name of “ Facebook”

       B．it helps people get in touch with old friends

       C．it can send people a greeting of’ some kind

       D．it reminds people of ‘events in the past

66．Which of the following statements is NOT true?

       A．There are 35 people in the author’s list of’ friends right now．

       B．The author communicates with all the 35 friends by e-mails．

       C．The list of 35 friends doesn’t include the old e-mail addresses．

       D．It is not difficult for the author to increase his friend count．

67．What does the writer mean by saying “However, convenience can be a crutch(拐杖)”?

      A．The masterminds of Web 2.0 also sell crutch online．

       B．Taking a crutch is a new way of’ making friends online．

     C．Convenience is dangerous for human communication．

       D．Convenience is not really good for human communication．

68．What does the author think of’ the convenience of’ communicating online?

       A．The technology could not keep true friendship forever．

     B．The social website of Facebook means nothing at all．

     C．There will be no ways of making real friends online．

       D．People will not lose friends with the help of the Facebook．

This is a part from US President Barack Obama’s speech on May 14 at Bamard College in New York.

     My last piece of advice – this is simple, but perhaps most important:   50   . Nothing worthwhile is easy. No one of achievements has avoided failure – sometimes catastrophic(惨重的) failures. But they keep at it. They learn from mistakes. They don’t    51   .

     When I first arrived on this   52   , I was with little money, fewer choices. But it was here that I tried to find my place in this world. I knew I wanted to make a difference, but it was   53 

how in fact I’d go about it. But I wanted to do my part to    54    a better world.

     So even as I worked after graduation in a few   55   jobs here in New York, even as I went from motley (鱼龙混杂的)apartment to motley apartment, I reached out.

     And I wish I could say that this perseverance came from some innate (天生的)toughness in me. But the truth is, it was learned. I got it from    56    the people who raised me. I grew up as the son of a single mom who struggled to put herself through   57   and make ends meet. She had a marriage that fell apart;   58   went on food stamps at one point to help us get by. But she didn’t quit. And she earned her degree, and made sure that    59   scholarships and hard work, my sister and I earned ours.

   And   60   , I met a woman who was assigned to advise me on my first summer job at a law firm. And she gave me such good advice that I married her. And Michelle and I gave everything we had to balance our careers and a    61    family. We made that marriage work.

So    62    it’s starting a business, or running for office, or   63   an amazing family, remember that making your   64   on the world is hard. It takes patience. It takes commitment. It comes with plenty of setbacks and it comes with plenty of failures.

50. A. compete         B. persevere            C. struggle                D. accomplish

51. A. rest                     B. decline                     C. quit                             D. regret

52. A. campus              B. downtown             C. farm                          D. country     

53. A. confident            B. uncertain                  C. ambitious                   D. proud

54. A. shape                  B. discover                   C. organize                     D. lead

55. A. amazing              B. disturbing                 C. meaningful             D. unsatisfactory

56. A. complimenting   B. detecting            C. persuading               D. watching   

57. A. life                       B. work                         C. school                     D. business

58. A. yet               B. even                 C. still                     D. also

59. A. during               B. through                     C. across                     D. over  

60. A. for the time being B. at once                 C. up to now                   D. later on

61. A. young           B. poor                 C. considerable                 D. strong

62. A. as if             B. if                   C. whether                      D. unless              

63. A. entering           B. raising                      C. leaving                    D. abandoning

64. A. view              B. stay                  C. remark                       D. mark 

A. true   B. make jokes  C. compete  D. negative  E. associated with

F. necessarily  G. ridiculously  H. after all  I. earned the reputation  J. thirst for

On March 17 the color green will spread all around the world in celebration of St Patrick’s Day. The Irish traditionally wear something green on this day, as the color is   41    Ireland. Another St Patrick’s Day tradition is for the non-Irish to    42    about the Irish.

Usually these jokes will be about Irish stupidity, their famous    43    alcohol, or their reputation for telling tall tales.

 These characteristics are all based on the most common Irish stereotypes (成见) that the Irish are hot-tempered drinkers who love to fight and will do anything to avoid a day’s work.

 The real joke, however, is that these negative Irish stereotypes still exist. These stereotypes may have gone back to the 19th century when they started, but they’re far from    44    today -– with the exception, perhaps of the drinking.

  Today, the Irish are admired for their storytelling ability, musical talent and strong education. It’s no accident that several of the greatest writers of the 20th century were Irish. Or that many of the most famous music acts of all time, such as singer Enya and rock band U2, were Irish born and bred.

So where did the    45    Irish stereotypes come from? They can be traced back to the 19th century, which was a very bad time to be Irish.

 At that time, Ireland was poverty-stricken and starving. Many Irish moved to the US to escape famine, but there they had to    46    occasionally with their fists for jobs and housing with other immigrant groups. It was on the US’ streets that the Irish    47    for street fighting.

 However, one bit of the Irish stereotype is still true, their love of drink. Drinking in Ireland is a predilection (偏好), but it’s not    48    something to criticize. It was the Irish   49    who created one of the world’s best-loved beers – Guinness.

 The heavy smoggy days lasted for a winter, ______ a serious traffic confusion in northern cities.

      A. causing      B. caused                 C. having caused      D. being caused