The job of raising children is a tough one. Children don’t come with an instruction manual(说明书). And each child is 36 . So parents sometimes pull their hair out in frustration(挫折), not  37
what to do. But in raising children—as in all of life—what we do is  38  by our culture. Naturally then, American parents teach their children basic American  39 . To Americans, the goal of parents is to help children  40  on their own two feet. From  41  each child may get his or her own room. As children grow, they get more  42  to make their own choices.  43  choose their own forms of entertainment, as well as the friends to  44  them with. When they  45  young adulthood, they choose their own jobs and marriage  46  . Of course, many young adults still  47
their parents’ advice and approval for the choices they make. But once they “leave the  48  ” at around 18 to 21 years old, they want to be on their own , not  49  to their mother’s apron strings (围裙带). The relationship between parents and children in America is very informal. American parents try to  50  their children as individuals—not as extensions of themselves. They allow them to achieve their own  51  . Americans praise and encourage their children to give them the  52  
to succeed. When children become adults, their relationship with their parents becomes more like a (an)  53  among equals.  But  54  to popular belief, most adult Americans don’t make their parents pay for room and board when they come to  55  . Even as adult, they respect and honor their parents.

“We’ve been good friends for so many years. And I don’t think you meant to do that ...” I said to myself， looking at Jack， my friend who was running across the 　36　  field.
How I wish I could join them！ But it was impossible because of the pain in my left foot， caused by Jack.
I first met Jack in a football match in the elementary school. When my team looked as if we were 　37　， Jack， who was watching， volunteered to join us. He was so confident and skilled that we won. From then on， Jack and I often played together and became best friends.
But something happened before an important football match between Class Six and my class. My class had so many good players that we had to 　38　  the best ones. Jack and I were in  the same  team. The match was close in the first half. I saw my chance and was ready to score a goal. Suddenly， Jack 　39　  me. He slid to stop the ball， but collided  with my left foot. I knew I had lost the chance to score and was 　40　  the field. But what really hurt me was that Jack didn’t say sorry.  And when some of my teammates said he did it on purpose to 　41　  me from scoring， I felt even 　42　.
Now I stand here， with tears in my eyes. I don’t want to 　43　  those words but I don’t know how to persuade myself they are 　44　 . Then everything changes when Jack scores and wins！ How excited I am！
While I am still 　45　  in excitement， someone pats my shoulder. It is Jack， with a smile on his face. “I’m sorry that you can not join in because of my 　46　  . But you see， Jason， we beat them！ No matter whether you joined in or not， you’ve made a contribution. Come on， let’s celebrate！” Suddenly， I am 　47　  by the players. The sunshine is so bright that I close my eyes. Riding high above my teammates， I feel so happy. And I know the  friendship  between Jack and me will last forever.

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Tips to keep a hearty conversation flowing
On holidays we typically gather with our nearest and dearest. But    36   can be made, maintained and broken through the ways we talk to our loved  _37___, according to Deborah Tannen, a George-town University professor in linguistics（语言学）. She has suggestions   as to  how we can  38    communications at our festival dinner tables. Let’s take a look.
＊A  round dinning table is best for promoting a     39    conversation because
everyone   40     each other.
＊Avoid _41_ grandparents at the ends of a rectangular(长方形的) table, even though it is the traditional place of __42__. Elderly people may feel lonely there if they are unable to hear or keep __43__ a conversation.
＊__44__ prefer to face each other and make eye contact when they talk. In contrast, men tend to look around at other things. “Guys may be more   45    keeping gazing on the TV,” says Tannen. “They’ll still be _46__, though.”
＊Be aware that people have different ways of talking. Each person has a different __47__ of tone, rhyme, timing and how _48__ of a pause is normal in a conversation. Watch for people who seem left __49__. If you feel you are doing all the talking, hold back to give others a 50  .If you feel you aren’t getting a chance to speak, try pushing yourself to start  51    .
＊People sometimes get upset on big festivals _52 they stay too long in the apartment. Some families find that gatherings go more __53__ if they plan for some fun _54___. So why not get a breath of fresh air? Going to a park for a walk or taking a trip to the zoo may be more__55__ than just sitting around inside.

Growing old is something that nobody can understand until they experience it for themselves．I may not be "old" but I am certainly beginning to  36   it? turned 18 just over a week ago．I am now an adult．
As a child you  37   adults—or "grown-ups" as I used to call them—to always be in control．to know what is right and wrong． 38   as a teenager, I thought that when I reached 18 I would be far more  39   in many aspects of life．But now that I am 18, 1 know that is not true．
It is clear to me now that you do not   40   learning when you are 18．Every day you learn
something  41   , no matter what your age．However, I do understand when you become an adultyou have to  42  more responsibility．
Whereas before I seldom had to clean the dishes, set the table or help out around the house, now I do all of those．I have already  43   myself the nickname "housekeeper"．
I can even drive now, which is pretty   44  , because of the frequency of accidents．But that's not to say that 18 is not   45  to be．Not only can I drink alcohol, but I can also  46 ．In fact, being 18 has made me really interested in politics because it now means that I can change things on  47  Day．More and more of my friends want to become politicians, and it is great to
think that they can change things for the better．

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was in middle school, I was one of the smaller players on the basketball team. In our first game of the season, we were   31  to face a good team, all of whom were tall guys. Naturally, at my   32 , it would have been easy to be   33  by our competitors.
On game day, my basketball coach called me over to him. He was a strong and tough coach, and in his   34  rough manner said, “Joel, you’re not that   35 , but let me tell you that size doesn’t matter. Don’t be afraid. What   36  is right down in here.” He pointed his finger at his  37  as he continued, “Joel, you’ve got a big heart, and you’re to   38  it this year.”
When I heard the coach’s   39  , I stood taller than usual! I thought to myself: The coach believes in me! My confidence   40  and I played better that year than I’d ever done before.
It’s   41  what we can achieve when we know somebody really believes in us. That coach took a little time to make a big   42   . He took time to make me confident in myself. If we’re going to   43  the best in people, we need to sow seeds of   44  .
As the saying goes, “Love looks for a way of being constructive.”   45  , love looks for ways to help improve somebody else’s life.
When people are   46  us, they should leave better off than they were before. People should feel   47  and inspired after spending any time with you and me  48  feeling discouraged or defeated.
Remember, there’s   49  greater investment（投资）in life than in being a people builder. Relationships   50  much more to us than our achievements.
【小题1】

At the beginning of this century, medical scientists made an interesting discovery: we are built not just of flesh(肌肉) and blood but also of time. They were   41  to show that we all have a ‘body clock’   42  us, which controls the   43  and fall of our body energies,   44  us different from one day to the next.
The   45  of a ‘body clock’ should not be too   46  since the lives of most living things are controlled   47  the 24-hour night-and-day cycle(循环). We feel   48  and fall asleep at night and become   49  and energetic during the day. If the 24-hour cycle is   50  most people experience unpleasant   51 . For example, people who are not   52  to working at night can find that   53  of sleep causes them to   54  badly at work.
  55  the daily cycle of sleeping and   56 , we also have other cycles which   57  longer than one day. Most of us would   58  that we feel good on some days and not so good on   59 ; sometimes our ideas seem to flow and at other times, they   60  do not exist.

When I was a little girl, every Sunday my family of six would put on our best clothes and go to Sunday School and then church. The __21__ in elementary school would all meet together to sing songs, and then later divide into groups based __22__ their ages.
One Easter Sunday, all the kids __23__ with big __24__ about what the Easter Bunny(复活节兔子) had brought. __25__ all of the kids shared their stories with __26__, one young boy, whom I should call Bobby, sat __27__. One of the teachers, noticing this, said to him, “And what did the Easter Bunny __28__ you?” He replied, “My mum __29__ the door by accident so the Easter Bunny couldn’t get __30__ because he hadn’t got a key.”
This sounded like a __31__ idea to all of us kids, so we kept on going with the stories. My mom knew the true story, __32__. Bobby’s mom was a single parent, and she suspected(怀疑) that they just couldn’t __33__ the Easter Bunny.
After Sunday School was over, everyone went off to __34__. But my mom announced that we were going home __35__. At home, she explained that to make Bobby feel __36__, we were going to pretend to be the Easter Bunny, make a basket of our candies for him and __37__ it at church. We all donated some to the basket, and _38__ back to church. There, mom hung the basket over the hanger(挂钩) and attached a(n) __39__:
Dear Bobby,
I’m sorry I __40__ your house last night. Happy Easter!
Love,
The Easter Bunny

It was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas．While most people were 36_their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to _37_early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work．On arrival, he _38__his bike outside the back door as he usually does．After _39_
10 hours of labor, his returned to find his bike 40 ．
The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only tool．Trevor used it to get to 41  , putting in 60-hour weeks to __42__his young family．And the bike was also used to get groceries, 43  us from having to walk long distances from where we live．
I was so 44_that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story．Shortly after that, several people in our area   45  to help．One wonderful stranger   46 bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up．47  my husband had a way to get to and from his job．It really is a (an)  48  that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before．People say that a smile can be  49  from one person to another, but acts of kindness from 50  are even more so．This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it 51  our faith in humanity as a whole．And it has _52  us to be more mindful of ways that we, too, can  53  with others．No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone 54  ．And the results can be   55  ．

On receiving my learner driver license a couple of months ago, I started driving lessons straight away. In New Zealand, the __33__driving age is 15.
However it wasn’t __34__ two days ago that Dad finally allowed me to drive on the motorway. Our __35__ was Orewa, a seaside town about 60 kilometers away from my home in Auckland. That morning I __36__ sure I had enough to drink and went to the toilet (厕所) about three times __37__ we left. I thought I was totally __38__ for the journey, but nothing could have prepared me for my family’s __39__. "Relax! Don’t hold the steering wheel(方向盘) so __40__. The car is going zigzag (弯弯曲曲的)," called a nervous voice from the __41__. "Speed up. 70km/h isn’t fast enough. You are holding up the traffic," another voice ordered from the seat next to mine.
How __42__ ! My parents were really starting to get on my nerves. To satisfy them I sped up and within a second, an angry voice began to yell again. "Stop! __43__! Are you crazy? ” Everything did not go fine until I pulled off the motorway and drove into the city, __44__ the speed limit was only 50km/h.
My family seemed relieved (放心的) and __45__ telling me what to do. They all looked out of the windows and enjoyed the scenery .  __46__, that silence didn’t last very long. My mum suddenly cried out, "Look at those birds above us. __47__ they lovely?"
How did she expect me to look up in the __49__? As the driver I had to __48__ . Who knows what would have happened if I had taken my eyes off the __50__? Four hours later we drove home. This time the journey was much __51__ than before as everyone else __52__ fast asleep. So, I just took my time and enjoyed the drive.

I truly hope that at the end of this short essay(短文) you will know how to learn English.
I was born in Somalia, and Italian is my mother tongue. 31 enough, soon after I arrived in London when I was 17, I was admitted to a sixth-form college. I found caring (体贴的) teachers there, who 32  taught me English. This, I think, was a(n) 33 factor(因素) that encouraged me to learn the language. The most important thing, 34, is to work hard. So those of you who don’t have such good teachers should not 35. When I was in London, I 36 myself to English learning as I 37 to go to university very much. Mastering the language was the only 38 to achieve my goal.
Now I have 39 my master’s degree from Oxford University. Looking back, I 40 I was quite innocent (天真的),for I never imagined learning English was going to be so much 41. The more fluent I become, the 42 the language became. One can master it only 43 years of tireless efforts(努力).
Some basic 44 which I would give to people who are interested in learning the language are:
1. Buy a good dictionary. 45 English learners use their dictionaries all the time.
2.46 English newspapers. Don’t forget to 47 the new words in your dictionary.
3. Listen to the radio 48 watching TV as listening to the radio helps you more.
4. Talk, talk and talk to 49 at anytime and anywhere.
And even though at times it may be embarrassing(尴尬的) to make 50，you will finally correct them and remember them. Soon you will start to become fluent.