It is a hot summer day，and you feel thirsty．A friend gives you a glass of cold lemonade．How do you feel when you see the glass? Will you describe your feeling as happiness or as pleasure? I believe you will say it is a feeling of pleasure．There is a connection between these two kinds of feelings，and sometimes one causes the other，but they are not the same．Pleasure is a more dependent on the five senses while happiness is independent of them．   
When you are happy，little unpleasant events usuallv do not disturb you．When you are unhappy，you feel as if everything is against you．You may compensate for it by eating chocolate and sweets because this gives you pleasure，yet you stay unhappy．A person may smoke cigarettes because it gives him pleasure，yet this does not make him happier，especiallv if he knows the fact that it is not good for his heahh．   
The physical world is always in a changing state．At each moment a new thing is being created，changed，transformed and then destroyed．This is the normal state of things and no one  can change it．If we stay still in a certain state，we are sure to experience unhappiness sooner or later．0n the other hand, if
we adjust to the environment，nothing can influence our moods．Then outer events have nothing to do with our inner joy of mind．  
The room of the mind is filled with worry or fear．If you are free of thinking about them，the room has been emptied，and  then you will see what is happening and experience it．When your mind stays quiet，you will see that happiness comes from the inside．   
【小题1】What does the underlined phrase”compensate for“in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?  

A．to make a suitable payment for

B．to let out your anger for

C．to provide with a balancing effect for

D．to solve the problems for

【小题2】According to the passage，in which of the following situations can you feel happy?  

A．A friend gives you a glass of cold lemonade when you feel thirsty．

B．You eat chocolate and sweets when you feel as if everything is against you．

C．Smoke cigarettes even though you know the fact that it is not good for your health．

D．You are free from worry or fear when your mind stays quiet．

【小题3】We call learn from the passage   

A．happiness is more dependent on the five senses

B．pleasure sometimes arouses happiness

C．you feel happy when nothing around you changes in a certain state

D．you feel unhappy because you have to adjust to the environment

【小题4】Which can be the best title for the passage?    ]

A．Pleasure Leads to Happiness

B．Happiness Changes Us

C．Happiness Is Within Us

D．Stay a Quiet Mind

How to make friends with people from a different culture? The rules are as follows:
Appreciate the Person.
Most Americans like to be recognized as individuals as someone special with unique personalities. Therefore, never say, “You’re from America so I want to be your friend.” Also don’t imply that the reason why you approached them is that you wanted someone to practice your English with. That turns people off. Instead try saying,” You seem like a real nice and interesting person and I would like to get to know you better.” This way, they are much more inclined to be friendly because you see them as a three dimensional person and appreciate them for who they are in the inside. And by doing so, you not only learn about Americans and practice your English, but also gain a real friend in the process.
Quit Calling Us Foreigners.
Please avoid calling a foreigner a foreigner especially in his face. The word makes people feel like an outsider, and even unwelcome, suggesting separation and insurmountable differences, widening an already existing gap in the situation. When Americans travel, they rarely say, “ I’m foreign to your place.” They tend to say, “ I’m new in town. I’m new here.” The reason is because new and unfamiliar things can become old and familiar. But can foreign things become native? Aha? You catch my drift.
Just Do It.
Some students like to be told about American culture but are less interested in spending the time and the effort to actually experience it. As Americans always say, “ Get your hands dirty.” You should have first hand and hands on experience, or you’ll never really know anything.
Find that Common Language.
Now I must stress the importance of finding a common language. By that I don’t mean English, Chinese, German, French, etc. I mean finding something you have in common with another person on a spiritual and philosophical level: likes, dislikes, worldviews, ways of thinking , and attitudes toward life. And to start, you must first enhance your knowledge of the particular culture from which your potential new friend comes form.
【小题1】The underlined sentence “ Get your hands dirty” means    .

A．get involved	B．start with dirty work
C．talk about American culture	D．don’t wash your hands too often

【小题2】 Americans prefer to make friends with those who    .

A．avoid talking about their homeland

B．recognize their personalities

C．obey rules of communicating with friends

D．needn’t practice English while playing together

【小题3】According to the passage, which of the following is friendly?

A．I am longing to make friends with an American.

B．This is my friend Tom, who is a foreigner.

C．There must be a gap between us in many things.

D．You’ve got a great personality.

【小题4】

People fell in love with Elizabeth Taylor in 1944, when she starred in National Velvet-the story of Velvet Brown, a young girl who wins first place in a famous horse race, At first, the producers of the movie told Taylor that she was too small to play the part of Velvet. However, they waited for her for a few months as she exercised and trained—and added three inches to her height in four months! Her acting in National Velvet is still considered the best by a child actress.
Elizabeth Taylor was born in London in 1932. Her parents, both Americans, had moved there for business reasons. When World War II started, the Taylors moved to Beverly Hills, California, and there Elizabeth started acting in movies. After her success as a child star, Taylor had no trouble moving into adult(成人)roles and won twice for Best Actress: Butterfield 8(1960) and Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? (1966)
Taylor’s fame(名声)and popularity gave her a lot of power with the movie industry, so she was able to demand very high pay for her movies. In 1963, she received $1 million for her part in Cleopatra—the highest pay received by any star up to that time.
Elizabeth Taylor is a legend (传奇人物) of our time. Like Velvet Brown in National Velvet, she has been lucky, she has beauty, fame and wealth. But she is also a hard worker. Taylor seldom acts in movies any more. Instead, she puts her time and efforts into her businesses, and into helping others — several years ago, she founded an organization that has raised more than $40 million for research and education.
【小题1】 The producers didn’t let Taylor play the part of Velvet at first because they thought she ____.

A．was small in size	B．was too young
C．did not play well enough	D．did not show much interest

【小题2】 What Elizabeth Taylor and Velvet Brown had in common was that they were both _____.

A．popular all their lives	B．famous actresses
C．suecessful when very young	D．rich and kind-hearted

【小题3】Taylor became Best Actress at the age of          .

A．12

B．28

C．31

D．34

【小题4】In her later life , Elizabeth Taylor devoted herself to             .

A．doing business and helping others	B．turning herself into a legend
C．collecting money for the poor	D．going about research and education work

Adult butterflies use their senses of sight, touch, hearing, smell, and taste to survive in the world, find food and mates, lay eggs in an appropriate place, migrate, and avoid hungry predators.
Sight
Butterflies have large, compound (multifaceted) eyes, which allow them to see in all directions without turning their heads. Like most insects, butterflies are very nearsighted, so they are more attracted to a large stand of flowers rather than individual plants. Butterflies do not "see" colors such as red, green, and yellow, but sense polarized（偏振的） light, which indicates the direction the sun is shining, as well as ultraviolet light, which is present on many flowers and guides butterflies to nectar （花蜜）sources.
Smell
Butterflies have a very well-developed sense of smell, but it's not in their nose (since they don't have one). Sense receptors located in their antennae, feet, and many other parts of the body help butterflies find food (usually flower nectar), and mates (the female smells the male's pheromones).
Taste
Butterfly's feet have sense organs that can taste the sugar in nectar, letting the butterfly know if something is good to eat or not. Some females also taste host plants in order to find appropriate places to lay their eggs. Adult butterflies and moths feed using a proboscis, a long, coiled tube. Butterflies force blood into the tube to straighten it out, allowing them to feed. Butterflies get all their food from this tube.
Hearing
Butterflies don't have ears. Instead they "hear" sounds through their wings by sensing changes in sound vibrations.
Butterflies may possess senses we don't even know about yet because their anatomy is very different than ours, and therefore difficult to understand when perceived through our own human senses.
【小题1】From the passage we can know that butterflies can see_____

A．thing behind them	B．thing in the distance
C．most bright colors	D．flower nectar from a distance

【小题2】 Butterflies can easily find food resources by using their______.

A．sense organs of sight and smell	B．sense organs of sight and taste
C．sense organs of smell and hearing	D．sense organs of smell and taste

【小题3】 How do butterflies feed themselves?

A．by using their feet	B．by using a tube.
C．by using sense receptors	D．by using their wings.

【小题4】What is the passage mainly about?

A．The food sources of butterflies.	B．The habits of butterflies.
C．The unusual body of butterflies.	D．the sense of butterflies.

In the long discussion of water on the Moon, a new study contradicts(与……相矛盾)) some recent reports that say the Moon had water at the time of its formation. A group of researchers reported in the journal Science that when the Moon was created, some 4.5 billion years ago, there was not much hydrogen(氢气) on it, and therefore no water.
The researchers surveyed and evaluated this by analyzing chlorine isotopes（氯同位素） found in lunar rock samples from Apollo missions. The range of chlorine isotopes in lunar samples was 25 times that found in samples from Earth.
If the Moon had significant levels of hydrogen, as Earth did, this range would have been far less, said Zachary D Sharp, a scientist in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of new Mexico and the study’s lead authour.
The chlorine would have stuck together with hydrogen, forming compounds like hydrogen chloride, and escaped from the Moon’s surface, he said. The abundance of chlorine indicates a lack of hydrogen and water.
“ The amount of water on the Moon was too low for life to possibly have existed there,” he said.
Most scientists believe the Moon was formed when a large object stuck Earth, breaking off a chunk(a vast piece) that has since orbited Earth.
On Earth, goes one theory, water was released as steam form molten basalts(玄武岩) over time, eventually forming bodies of water.
“An understading of whether the Moon was dry or wet will help us understand how water appeared on Earth,” Dr Sharp said.
【小题1】 A new study indicates that _____ on the moorn.

A．there is plenty of water	B．water is unlikely to exist
C．water existed in the past	D．there is a little water now

【小题2】 The author would like to tell us ______ through the sixth paragraph.

A．why there is no water on the Moon	B．how the Moon was formed
C．when the Earth struck the Moon	D．where the Moon orbited

【小题3】  Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Zachary D. Sharp, a scientist of New Mexico was in charge of the new study.
B. Chlorine isotopes in lunar samples are 25 time larger than those on the Earth.
C. The more aboundant chloride, the shorter hydrogen and water.
D. The new study is benificial to understand how water appeared on Earth.
【小题4】 What can we learn from the passage?

A．There is enough water on the Earth.

B．Hydrogen chloride easily escaped from the Moon’s surface.

C．The Earth had significant levels of hydrogen.

D．Water on the Earth is directly from molten basalts.

They leap from helicopters or speeding boats, bringing aid to swimmers who get into trouble off Italy’s popular beaches.
For these dog lifeguards, the doggie paddle （狗刨式游法）does just fine.
These “lifedogs” tow a buoy(救生衣) that victims can grab, or a raft they can sit on to be towed back to shore, and unlike their human counterparts(与对方地位相当的人), they can easily jump from helicopters and speeding boats to reach swimmers in trouble.
With millions flocking(人群) to Italy’s crowded beaches each summer, the Italian Coast Guard says it rescues about 3,000 people every year — and their dog helpers are credited with saving several lives.
It takes three years for the canines to reach expert rescue status, and currently 300 dogs are fully trained for duty, said Roberto Gasbarri, who co-ordinates the Italian School of Canine Lifeguards program at a centre outside of Rome in the seaside town of Civitavecchia.
“Dogs are useful in containing the physical fatigue（疲劳） of the lifeguard, to increase the speed at which casualties（遇难者） are retrieved（找到并衔回）, to increase the security of both the casualty and of the lifeguard,” Gasbarri said.
The Civitavecchia centre is one of a dozen around the country for the school founded more than 20 years ago in the northern province of Bergamo by Ferruccio Pilenga, whose first trainee was his own Newfoundland.
The school will train any breed（品种）, as long as they weigh at least 30 kilograms, but Labradors, Newfoundlands and golden retrievers are most commonly used because of their natural instinct for swimming. Each dog works in tandem with（同 ……合作） a human lifeguard, who also acts as the animal’s trainer.
【小题1】Which of the following can act as the best title fo the passage?

A．Dogs to the Rescue	B．Dogs Are Good at Doggie Paddle
C．The Wonderful Performance of Dogs	D．Dogs: Our Loyal Friends

【小题2】What advantage do these life-dogs have over human lifeguards in a rescue?

A．Dog can swim very fast	B．Dogs can finish rescue work with ease.
C．Dogs can finish the great work free of charge.	D．Dogs can easily be trained

【小题3】 Which of the following is TRUE about the Civitavecchia center according to the text?

A．Any breed can be trained there.

B．The ones who have the gift for swimming are welcomed.

C．After a better training, the dogs can work alone.

D．It is the only place for training dog lifeguards in the school.

【小题4】What does the writer want to tell us in the 4^th paragraph?

A．Without the dog lifeguards, 3,000 people would lose their lives every year.

B．The buautiful beaches attract millions of people every year.

C．Dog lifeguards play an important part in a rescue.

D．Italy is a famous place of interest.

In a few years, you might be able to speak Chinese, Korean, Japanese, French, and English
— and all at the same time. This sounds incredible, but Alex Waibel, a computer science professor at US's Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and Germany's University of Karlsruhe, announced last week that it may soon be reality. He and his team have invented software and hardware that could make it far easier for people who speak different languages to understand each other.?
One application, called Lecture Translation, can easily translate a speech from one language into another. Current translation technologies typically limit speakers to certain topics or a limited vocabulary. Users also have to be trained how to use the programme.?
Another prototype(雏形机) can send translations of a speech to different listeners depending on what language they speak. “It is like having a simultaneous translator right next to you but without disturbing the person next to you,” Waibel said.?
Prefer to read? So-called Translation Glasses transcribe(转录) the translations on a tiny liquid-crystal(液晶) display(LCD) screen.?
Then there’s the Muscle Translator. Electrodes capture the electrical signals from facial muscle movements made naturally when a person is mouthing words. The signals are then translated into speech. The electrodes could be replaced with wireless chips implanted in a person's face, according to researchers.?
During a demonstration held last Thursday in CMU's Pittsburgh campus, a Chinese student named Stan Jou had 11 tiny electrodes attached to the muscles of his cheeks, neck and throat. Then he mouthed — without speaking aloud — a few words in Mandarin(普通话) to the audience. A few seconds later, the phrase was displayed on a computer screen and spoken out by the computer in English and Spanish: “Let me introduce our new prototype.”?
This particular gadget(器械),when fully developed, might allow anyone to speak in any number of languages or, as Waibel put it, “to switch your mouth to a foreign language”. “The idea behind the university's prototypes is to create ‘good enough’ bridges for cross-cultural exchanges that are becoming more common in the world,” Waibel said.?
With spontaneous(自发的) translators, foreign drivers in Germany could listen to traffic warnings on the radio, tourists in China could read all the signs and talk with local people, and leaders of different countries could have secret talks without any interpreters there.?
【小题1】 Which of the following statements is not TRUE?

A．A lecture translation can translate what you said into other languages easily.?

B．There is no Muscle Translator in the world now.?

C．Muscle Translators can translate what you think into speech if you just move your mouth.?

D．The spontaneous translators will help us a lot.

【小题2】 What kind of equipment is NOT mentioned in this passage?

A．Lecture Translation.

B．Muscle Translator.?

C．Multiple Translator.

D．Translation Prototype.

【小题3】 What’s the final destination of inventing the language translators??

A．To make cultural exchanges between different countries easier.?

B．To help students learn foreign languages more easily.?

C．To make people live in foreign countries more comfortably.?

D．To help people learn more foreign languages in the future.

【小题4】What can be inferred from the seventh paragraph?

A．The translator is so good that it can translate any language into the very language you need.?

B．The translator is becoming more and more common in the world as a bridge.?

C．With the help of the translator, you only need to open your mouth when you want to say something without saying the exact words at all.?

D．The translator needs to be improved before being put into market.

【小题5】 Where can this passage probably be excerpted from?

A．A newspaper.

B．A magazine on science.?

C．A fairy tale.

D．A scientific fantasy book.

The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
　　As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment（承担的义务）, self - improvement.
　　Ask a bachelor（单身汉） why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
　　Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three - day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
　　Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
【小题1】According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because ____________ .

A．he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities

B．he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single

C．he finds more fun in dating than in marriage

D．he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement

【小题2】Raising children, in the author’s opinion is ____________ .

A．a moral duty

B．a thankless job

C．a rewarding task

D．a source of inevitable pain

【小题3】From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from ____________ .

A．hatred

B．misunderstanding

C．prejudice

D．ignorance

【小题4】To understand what true happiness is one must ____________ .

A．have as much fun as possible during one’s lifetime

B．make every effort to liberate oneself from pain

C．put up with pain under all circumstances

D．be able to distinguish happiness from fun

【小题5】What is the author trying to tell us?

A．Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain．

B．One must know how to attain happiness.

C．It is important to make commitments.

D．It is pain that leads to happiness.

Everywhere man is altering the balance of nature．He is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions, sometimes deliberately, sometimes unconsciously．He is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slag-heaps and other products of his civilization．He exterminates some species on a large scale, but favors the multiplication of others．In brief, he has done more in five thousand years to alter the biological aspect of the planet than has nature in five million．
Many of these changes which he has brought about have had unforeseen consequences．Who would have thought that the throwing away of a piece of Canadian waterweed would have caused half the waterways of Britain to be blocked for a decade, or that the provision of pot cacti for lonely settlers’ wives would have led to Eastern Australian being overrun with forests of Prickly Pear? Who would have prophesied that the cutting down of forests on the Adriatic coasts, or in parts of Central Africa, could have reduced the land to a semi desert, with the very soil washed away from the bare rock? Who would have thought that improved communications would have changed history by the spreading of disease-sleeping sickness into East Africa, measles into Oceania, very possibly malaria into ancient Greece?
These are spectacular examples; but examples on a smaller scale are everywhere to be found．We make a nature sanctuary for rare birds, prescribing absolute security for all species; and we may find that some common and hardy kind of bird multiplies beyond measure and ousts the rare kinds in which we were particularly interested．We see, owing to some little change brought about by civilization, the starling spread over the English country-side in hordes．We improve the yielding capacities of our cattle; and find that now they exhaust the pastures which sufficed for less exigent stock．
【小题1】The following examples except _______________ reflect man altering the balance of nature．

A．man is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants

B．man is facilitating the spread of animals into new regions．

C．man is killing some species on a large scale

D．man is getting to know the importance of keeping the balance of nature．

【小题2】What had a piece of Canadian waterweed cause?

A．Eastern Australian was overrun with forests．

B．Half the waterways of Britain blocked for a decade．

C．In parts of central Africa, the land reduced to a semi desert．

D．Disease-sleeping has been caused．

【小题3】What have spread diseases?

A．Disease-sleeping sickness．	B．Measles．
C．Improved communications．	D．Malaria．

【小题4】We make a nature sanctuary for rare birds but _______________.

A．some common and hardy kind of bird multiplies

B．rare kinds multiply

C．all bird multiply

D．no bird multiply

【小题5】The main idea of the passage is ______________．

A．that man is deliberately destroying the balance of nature

B．that man has foreseen the consequences of altering the balance old nature

C．that improved communications have changed history

D．that man is altering the balance of nature

The market investigation is indispensable to sales promotion. They are as closely related as the lips and teeth, so to speak. What you produce is for sale on the market. It would be impossible to succeed in selling a product without first investigating the market.
In the international market, goods on sale coming from different countries and suppliers are always facing keen competition. Under such circumstances, they will try everything possible to familiarize themselves with the market conditions. In making investigations, we ought to get information about what similar items the competitors are offering on the market, what prices they are quoting（报价）, what features their products have, who are their regular customers, etc. Then, how can we obtain such information? There are many channels that we can make use of in doing this sort of work. The commercial counselor's offices of our embassies stationed abroad can help us in making market investigations. Nowadays, our import and export corporations send their trade groups abroad every now and then. One of their purposes is to make market surveys on the spot.
Certainly, face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen are also important channels to get market information. The Chinese Export Commodities Fairs and some other fairs of similar nature as well as visits of foreign businessmen provide us with such opportunities. Of course, there are some other ways of making market investigations.
【小题1】In making market investigations, one should ______.

A．get enough information concerned	B．advertise his products
C．produce high quality goods	D．none of the above

【小题2】The word "indispensable" in the first line means ______.

A．impossible	B．necessary
C．advisable	D．available

【小题3】 Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．The relationship between market investigation and sales promotion is just as that of the lips and teeth.

B．It is impossible to succeed in selling a product without market investigation.

C．There are various ways of making market investigation.

D．Production goes before market investigation.

【小题4】All the following are channels to get market information except ________.

A．to have commercial counsellor' s office of our embassies stationed abroad

B．to promote the quality of our own products

C．to send trade groups abroad every now and then

D．to have face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen