The first thing my host father “warmed” me was that almost everyone in America was a big hugger.
I didn’t understand what he meant until my first party. Whether they were friends or strangers, teenagers or elders, girls or guys, everyone I met gave me a big hug.
However, as time went on, I began to understand America’s hugging culture. When a friend broke up with me, I was sad. When I told my best American friend about it, she said nothing but put her arms around me. Then warmth of the hug was a greater comfort than anything she could have said to me.
One winter day I was walking along the street, shivering（颤抖）. It was then I saw two women, each holding a paper board, on which there were two words：FREE HUGS. Their were red because of the freezing weather and they were jumping up and down to keep themselves warm. “Hi, girl! Do you want a hug?” One of them asked me. I went up and opened my arms. The hug was short but warm and it took some of the coldness of the day away.
After that I became a big hugger myself. One time my host father and I were traveling to another town. When we reached a restaurant where my friend Cindy worked, he stopped the car.
“What’ wrong?” I asked.” “Alice, why don’t you go inside and give Cindy a hug?” He suggested. I went into the restaurant, ran straight up to Cindy, and gave her a hug before she realized what was going on. “That was a big surprise! And you got my day sweetie! ” She told me later.
A hug is a way to communicate love and care. Do you want a hug? My arms are wide open.
56．The point of the first three paragraphs is to explain      .
A．how body language is more important than actual words
B．why hugging is so important in American culture
C．how expressing, feelings can be difficult for Chinese
D．how the author’s attitude toward hugging culture changed
57．We can infer from the passage that the host father      .
A．seldom has has time to spend with the author
B．often shares his experience with the author
C．warns the author of the possible danger
D．teachers the author to show her care for her friends
58．According the passage, a hug can make us feel
A．comforted, loved and cared for                   B．happy, understood and amazed                 
C．excited, wise and surprised     D．cared for, wise and happy

When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday best.
But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶) and stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.
Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs－one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.
Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.
Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?
Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed.” “Keep your elbows off the table.”) must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be able professionally but inexperienced socially.
67．Why do people tend to follow the trend to casual dining?
A. Family members need more time to relax.
B. Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.
C. People prefer to live a comfortable life.
D. Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older generation
68．It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is ________.
A. a seller of stainless steel tableware                      B. a dealer in stoneware
C. a pottery chain store                                                 D. a producer of fine china
69．The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is ________.
A. the increased value of the pound                          
B. the worsening economy in Asia
C. the change in people’s way of life
D. the fierce competition at home and abroad
70．Formal table manners, though less popular than before in current social life, ________.
A. are still a must on certain occasions                     B. are certain to return sooner or later
C. are still being taught by parents at home                    D. can help improve personal relationships

It was my first day at school in London and I was half-excited and half-frightened. On my way to school I wondered what sort of questions the other boys would ask me and rehearsed (practiced) all the answers: “I am nine years old. I was born here but I haven’t lived here since I was two. I was living in Farley. It’s about thirty miles away. I came back to London two months ago.” I also wondered if it was the custom for boys to fight strangers like me, but I was tall for my age. I hoped they would decide not to risk it.
No one took any notice of me before school. I stood in the center of the playground, expecting someone to say “hello”, but no one spoke to me. When a teacher called my name and told me where my classroom was, one or two boys looked at me but that was all the curiosity my arrival aroused.
My teacher was called Mr Jones. There were 42 boys in the class, so I didn’t stand out there, either, until the first lesson of the afternoon. Mr Jones was very fond of Charles Dickens and he had decided to read aloud to us from David Copperfield, but first he asked several boys if they knew Dickens’ birthplace, but no one guessed right. A boy called Brian, the biggest in the class, said: “Timbuktu”, and Mr Jones went red in the face. Then he asked me. I said: “Portsmouth”, and everyone stared at me because Mr Jones said I was right. This didn’t make me very popular, of course.
“He thinks he’s clever,” I heard Brian say.
After that, we went out to the playground to play football. I was in Brian’s team, and he obviously had Dickens in mind because he told me to go in goal. No one ever wanted to be the goalkeeper.
“He’s big enough and useless enough,” Brian said when someone asked him why he had chosen me.
I suppose Mr Jones remembered Dickens, too, because when the game was nearly over, Brian pushed one of the players on the other team, and he gave them a penalty. As the boy kicked the ball hard along the ground to my right, I threw myself down instinctively and saved it. All my team crowded round me. My bare knees were grazed and bleeding. Brian took out a handkerchief and offered it to me.
“Do you want to join my gang (team)?” he said.
At the end of the day, I was no longer a stranger.
51．The writer prepared to answer all of the following questions EXCEPT “________”.
A. How old are you?                                                        B. where are you from?
C. Do you want to join my gang?                                 D. When did you come back to London?
52．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. boys were usually unfriendly to new students   
B. the writer was not greeted as he expected
C. Brian praised the writer for his cleverness
D. the writer was glad to be a goalkeeper
53．The underlined part “I didn’t stand out” in paragraph 3 means that the writer was not ________.
A. noticeable                      B. welcome                         C. important                       D. outstanding
54．The writer was offered a handkerchief because ________.
A. he threw himself down and saved the goal         B. he pushed a player on the other team
C. he was beginning to be accepted                           D. he was no longer a new comer

For many years, scientists couldn't figure out how atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living things. Plants, fish, dinosaurs, and people are made of atoms and molecules, but they are put together in a more complicated way than the molecules in the primitive ocean. What's more, living things have energy and can reproduce, while the chemicals on the Earth 4 billion years ago were lifeless.
　　After years of study, scientists figured out that living things, including human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide bases. These are molecules with millions of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. How could such complicated molecules have been formed in the primitive soup? Scientists were stumped.
　　Then, in 1953, two scientists named Harold Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth. They set up some tubes and bottles in a closed loop, and put in some of the same gases that were present in the atmosphere 4 billion years ago: water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen.
　　Then they shot an electric spark through the gases to simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth, circulated the gases through some water, sent them back for more sparks, and so on. After seven days, the water that the gases had been bubbling through had turned brown. Some new chemicals were dissolved in it. When Miller and Urey analyzed the liquid, they found that it contained amino acids-the very kind of molecules found in all living things.
61. When did scientists come to realize how the atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living thing?
　　A. 4 billion years ago. B.1953.　C. After seven days.D. Many years later.
62. Scientists figured out that human bodies are basically made of .
A.amino acids
B.molecules
C. hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms
D. water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen
63. Harold Urey and Stanley L.Miller did their experiment in order to .　
A. find out what had happened on the Earth 4 billion years ago
　　 B.simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth
　　 C. dissolve some new chemicals
　　D.analyze a liquid
64. At the end of the last paragraph, the underlined word "it" refers to .
A. a closed loop   B. an electric spark   C.water   D. the liquid
65. According to the writer, living things on the Earth include .
　A. atoms and molecules                     B.chemicals　
C. plants, fish, dinosaurs and human beings     D.the primitive soup

If you feel at present that you don’t have enough friends in your life, one reason may be that you have let yourself become too busy to make time for the relationships you already have. Starting and keeping friendship requires effort and commitment.
Many of us let our lives become so busy with work and other commitments that we don’t get around to scheduling time for pleasure and renewal（叙旧）with the friends, relatives and acquaintances we already have.
Making the effort to call your friends more regularly and to accept more of the invitations you receive from others can improve your social life in a hurry!
Are there any people you could call right now and be assured of a pleasant welcome? Are there people that you could count on to help you in time of difficulty? Can you have close talks with them? Do you have fun when you are together? Are you happy to have them in your life?
If you haven’t seen much of them lately, is it because you have become too busy? Have you grown apart? Was there an argument?
If the main reason you haven’t been getting together with the people you already know is that you have got too busy, take a good look at how you spend your time. Compare it with your real values and priorities（优先考虑的事）in life. Is your busy lifestyle really bringing you the quality of life that you want?
If you have become too busy for friends, why has this happened? Are you seeking material toys in your life at the expense of relationships with other human beings? Have you allowed your time to be over-committed because you never say “No” to anyone? Do you insist on doing things yourself that could be appointed to others? If so, why? Do you believe that everything depends on you?
Examine whether the way you are now spending your time accurately reflects your deepest values and priorities. Make sure that you schedule adequate time for the things that are truly most important to you.
If you really want to keep friends in your life, make a space in your schedule, and a space in your heart for them.
68.In this passage the author mainly discusses ____.
A. how to balance friendship and work
B. how to spend our spare time
C. whether we should keep friendship
D. whether we should invite friends to dinner
69. Which of the following doesn’t indicate a good relationship?
A. You have someone to count on when you are in trouble.
B. You have someone to have close talks with.
C. You have fun when you are with someone.
D. You feel depressed with others in life.
70 .The reason why you have become too busy for friends may be the following EXCEPT that ____.
A. you spend too much time seeking material toys in your life
B. you feel it difficult to keep friendship
C. you stick to doing everything all by yourself
D. you never refuse whatever other people ask you to do

Shedding tears(流泪) is a natural way of making us feel more comfortable．When our eyes are made uncomfortable by some small pieces of pollution, or when we are cutting onions, or when we are exhausted(精疲力竭; 疲劳) and have “red-eyes” from overwork and late hours, tears form in our eyes to clean and refresh them．
Tears are also a sign of strong emotion．We cry when we are sad and we cry when we are happy．
And tears seem to be uniquely (惟独) human．We know that animals also experience emotion ——fear, pleasure, loneliness——but they do not shed (流) tears．From this, we can conclude that tears are closely related to the emotional and biological make-up(结构；组成) of the human species．
Biologically speaking, tears are actually drops of saline fluid, which is a little bit salty, produced by a gland (腺) in the body．Because salt is an important component, tears may actually constitute the most conclusive evidence that the human animal is the end product of a long evolutionary process that began in the sea．
And it is clear that, in addition to (除了) the emotional benefits (好处), the shedding of tears has a specific biological function as well．Through tears, we can eliminate from our body certain chemicals which build up in response to stress and create a chemical imbalance(不平衡) in the body．Crying actually makes us feel better by correcting that imbalance and making us feel good again．And thus the emotional and biological functions of tears merge (合并) into one and make us even more “human” than we would otherwise be．
60、According to the passage, human beings may have originated (起源于) in_______．
A. the sea                B. the salt      C. chemicals    D. animals
61、Which of the following is NOT a function of tears?
A. Biological   B. Emotional    C. Political           D. Chemical
62、The underlined word “eliminate” probably mean_______．
A. add            B. produce      C. replace   D. remove
63、Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Tears are a sign of strong emotion．
B. Tears are always making us feel more comfortable．
C. Tears are uniquely human．
D. Tears have certain biological function．

There is one difference between the sexes on which every expert and study agrees: men are more aggressive than women．It shows up in 2-year-olds．It continues through school days and persists into adulthood．It is even constant across cultures．And there is little doubt that it is rooted in biology．
If there's a woman’s trait（特点） which is the same as men’s aggressiveness, it's what social scientists refer to as the result of "education"．Feminists have argued that the caring nature of women is not biological in origin, but rather has been forced into women by a society that wanted to keep them in the home．But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore．Just as tiny infant girls respond more readily to human faces, female toddlers（学步者） learn much faster than males how to pick up nonverbal cues（非言语暗示） from others．And grown women are far more skilful than men at interpreting facial expressions: A recent study by University of Pennsylvania brain researcher Ruben Gur showed that they easily read emotions such as anger, sadness and fear．The only such emotion men could pick up was disgust．
What difference do such differences make in the real world? Among other things, women appear to be somewhat less competitive--or at least competitive in different ways--than men．At the Harvard Law School, for instance, female students enter with qualities just as outstanding as those of their male peers．But they don' t qualify for the well-known Law Review in proper numbers, a fact some school officials owe to women' s discomfort in the incredibly competitive atmosphere．
Students of management styles have found fewer differences than they expected between men and women who reach leadership positions, perhaps because many successful women deliberately imitate men．But an analysis by Purdue social psychologist Alice Eagly of 166 studies of leadership style did find one difference: Men tend to be more “autocratic”-making decisions on their own--while women tend to consult colleagues more often． Studies of behavior in small groups turn up even more differences．Men will typically dominate the discussion, says University of Toronto psychologist Kenneth Dion, spending more time talking and less time listening．
53．The passage mainly discusses__________．
A．how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations
B．how hormone determines sex differences
C．why there are differences between males and females
D．why men and women have different social roles
54．According to the writer, women’s caring nature is      .
A．not inborn in any sense   B．inspired by women’s families
C．caused by social prejudice       D．partly biological in origin
55．The Harvard Law School example in paragraph 3 suggests that_________．
A．women are not as competitive as men
B．law is not the fight profession for women
C．women are as excellent as men when they are young
D．academic qualities are not equal to performance
56．We can say from paragraph 4 that ___________.
A．men leaders should consult colleagues and subordinates more often．
B．female leaders' success is due to their imitating male leaders．
C．men and women are different in their leadership style．
D．decisiveness is an important quality for a successful politician．

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节）
第一节：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow climate change: Use less energy. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or more—doing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets．
Not long ago．My wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change．Scientists have reported recently that the world is heating up even faster than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we don’t keep reducing emissions（排放）of carbon dioxide（CO2）and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere．
We decided to try an experiment．For one month we recorded our personal emissions of CO2．We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet．The average US household produces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common-place things like turning on air-conditioning or driving cars．That’s more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses．But how much should we try to reduce?
For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth．In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the meltingof the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica．“To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,” he said．
Good advice, I thought．I’d opened our bedroom windows to let in the wind．We’d gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock．I’d almost forgotten the windows even opened．We should not let this happen again．It’s time for us to change our habits if necessary．
41．Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?
A．To take special kinds of food B．To respond to climate change．
C．To lose weight      D．To improve their health
42．The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to          .
A．freezing points         B．burning points      
C．melting points           D．boiling points
43．It can be inferred from the passage that        .
A．it is necessary to keep the air-conditioning on all the time
B．it seems possible for every household to cut emissions of CO2
C．the average US household produces about 3,000 pounds of CO2 a month
D．the average European household produces about 1,000 pounds of CO2 a month
44．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A．Saving Energy Strats at Home       B．Changing Our Habits Begins at Work
C．Changing Climate Sounds Reasonalbe    D．Reducing Emissions of CO2 Proves Difficult

Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all four capacities(Korea and China are big dog eaters), are found in various breeds(动物品种) in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions， and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.
Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.
All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless(倦怠的) and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.
Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.
66．What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?
A．There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.
B．Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.
C．In some regions dogs seems to be more closely related to man.
D．Most animals existing in the world are kept by humans now.
67．Which of the following is a domestic animal, according to the passage?
A．A wolf kept in a zoo.     
B．A pig raised for  meat.
C．A tiger performing in circus.  
D．A fish living in a river.
68．Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?
A．They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.
B．They have great adaptation for the environment.
C．There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.
D．The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breeds ever known in the world.
69．To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised ____.
A．not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on it
B．to be wise about their feeding
C．not to allow it to take too big amounts of exercise
D．to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations
70．Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage?
A．Domesticated Animals – Man’s Best Friend
B．Proper Diet for Healthy Animals
C．The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals
D．Some Tips on Pet-keeping

When it comes to parenting, it can be hard to know which issues are important and which ones are not. According to parenting expert Anne Murphy, a family dinner matters. “Having a family dinner doesn’t only mean hours of sharing various kinds of food,” she said. “It means getting together as long as you can —even if it’s just 15 minutes for pizza. Or make it breakfast or lunch—whatever you can do.
Never waste your valuable time on TV. Keep the conversation joyful—Murphy thinks it makes a difference. Studies have shown that teenagers whose families eat together are less likely to abuse drugs. They also have better grades and—perhaps most importantly—better relationships with their parents. It brings more benefit to children than many after-school activities, she added.
Homework has become a hot issue recently. According to a study, the amount of time kids spend on homework has increased by 51 percent since 1981.
“The point of homework is to make students continue to learn after school hour,” Murphy said. “However, giving too much homework runs the risk of turning kids off school and even worse—turning them off learning in all forms. They will turn to other things, such as computer games, some of which are aggressive, or drinking for fun. Therefore, some experts came up with an idea, that is, kindergarteners and first-graders get 10 minutes of homework. Second-graders get 20 minutes, and so on.”
Murphy offered tips to parents who think their children are getting too much homework. “Talk to other parents to see if they also think so, and then talk to the teacher,” she said. “Have a discussion about it, and let the teacher know that you want to work together on a solution.”
60. According to Anne Murphy, ___________.
A. parents should tell children what matters during dinner time
B. parents should save time and not cook for children
C. it’s important for the family to have a good talk during dinner time
D. it’s important for the family to discuss sharing together
61. Which of the following is the benefit of families eating together?
a. Children are more likely to avoid drugs.
b. Children may have better grades.
c. Children may have a close relationship with their parents.
d. It can save children’s time and prevent them from watching TV.
e. It encourages children to have more after-school activities.
A. a, b, c               B. c, d, e                      C. a, c, e                      D. b, c, e
62. What do we know about homework from the passage?
A. The time spent on homework shouldn’t be over 10 minutes.
B. Too much homework may make students lose interest in study.
C. Homework does not help children continue learning after school.
D. Parents should decide the amount of homework for their children.
63. From the passage, we can learn that___________.
A. children’s time spent on after-school activities is being reduced
B. computer games are making children increasingly aggressive
C. it is unnecessary for young children to do homework
D. some experts think it necessary to reduce children’s homework
64. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. What matters most in parenting.
B. How to develop a close relationship with children.
C. Family education is important for children.
D. Parents say no to too much homework.