第二节简答题（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分4.5分）
Tsunamis (海啸) are a series of huge waves created by an underground movement such as an earthquake or a volcanic eruption (火山喷发) . A tsunami can travel hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and hit the land with huge waves.
From the area where the tsunamis come, waves travel in all directions. Once the waves approach the coast, they will become more than 100 feet in height. The topography (地形) of the coastline and the ocean floor will influence the size of the wave. There may be more than one wave and the latter one may be larger than the one before. That is why a small tsunami at one beach can be a huge wave a few miles away.
All tsunamis are dangerous, even if they may not damage every coastline they strike. A tsunami can strike anywhere along most of the US coastline. Many harmful tsunamis have occurred along the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Hawaii.
A movement of the ocean floor, caused by earthquakes, most often causes tsunamis. If a tsunami occurs close to a coast, the first wave could reach the beach in a few minutes, even before a warning is given. Areas are at greater risk if they are less than 25 feet above sea level and within a mile of the coastline. Drowning is the most common cause of death during a tsunami. Tsunami waves are very harmful to buildings. Other dangers include floods, pollution of drinking water, and fires from gas lines.
An accurate prediction (预报) system will allow authorities (官方) to issue timely warnings and save lives in the event of a shore-bound tsunami. But forecasting tsunamis accurately is very difficult because the ocean is usually calm before they strike land.
65. What can cause tsunamis according to the passage? ( 回答词数不超过6个 )
______________________________________________________________________________
66. What harm can a tsunami bring besides killing people and damaging buildings? ( 回答词数不超过15个 )
______________________________________________________________________________
67. Why is it very difficult to forecast tsunami accurately ? ( 回答词数不超过9个 )
______________________________________________________________________________

The Chinese have used a method called acupuncture to help perform operations for about 4,000 years without putting the patient to sleep. This involves inserting（插入）flexible needles （针）into certain parts of the body. The needles used are available in a number of stores in China and everyone may buy them.
To learn how to use needle takes about one month of training. But to be skillful requires greater time. The person who performs the acupuncture knows how to insert the needles so the needles themselves are not painful. This person also knows where to place the needles so the patient feels no pain in the area where the operation is to be performed. The needles are not necessarily inserted near the place where the pain is to be prevented. In the past, a particular operation might require 25 or more needles placed in various parts of the body. But now this operation requires only 3 or 4 needles.
Today the Chinese doctors are trying to learn more about acupuncture. They are trying to develop a convincing theory to explain how the needles work in preventing pain, or, why a needle in the wrist（手腕）, for example, would prevent the pain in the area of the mouth.
A patient who needs an operation is given a choice between having acupuncture or having one of the chemicals used for putting him to sleep. It has been estimated that over half of the patients choose acupuncture because there is no sickness after the operation whereas（然而，反之） the chemical may make the patient sick for a few hours or a day.
1．Acupuncture is a kind of _______.
A. medical needles          B. medical equipment
C. medical technique        D. medical examination
2. To perform the acupuncture skillfully, one _______.
A. has to learn how to insert the needles accurately in the right place
B. should insert the needles where the pain is to be prevented
C. needs to be trained for a short period of time
D. must use fewer needles than in the past
3. According to the 3rd paragraph, we can infer _______.
A. people must insert a needle in the wrist to prevent the pain in the mouth
B. people come to realize the shortcomings of the acupuncture
C. people are convinced to use the acupuncture to cure diseases
D. people need to make deeper research into the acupuncture
4.Nowadays, more and more people prefer having acupuncture because _______.
A. acupuncture has no side effects after the operation
B. acupuncture costs them less than having chemicals
C. chemicals usually cause many more deaths
D. they want to protect the traditional Chinese medicine
5. The author of the passage tends to be ________ acupuncture.
A. strongly against      B. in favor of     C. doubtful about      D. uninterested in

American and British researchers have proved that judgments based on how someone looks are important. They found that appearance tells a lot about your personality.
The researchers included Laura Naumann of Sonoma State University in California, and Simine Vazire of Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri. They were joined by Sam Gosling of the University of Texas at Austin and Peter J. Rentfrow of Britain's Cambridge University. The results of their study were published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin in December, 2009.
The subjects（接受实验者）were asked to judge the personality of people they had never met. The judges examined pictures of one hundred twenty-three people. The people in the photographs had been told how to stand. They looked into the cameras without showing their feelings. The same people also were photographed the way they themselves wanted to stand. Those who wanted to smile could smile.
Then the judges attempted to decide what the people were like. The researchers compared the judges’ opinions with the way the people who were photographed thought of themselves. Three people who knew those in the photographs well also provided information about their personality and behavior.
The judges looked for ten qualities in the people in the pictures. The qualities included extroversion (having a confident character and enjoying the company of other people) and self-esteem (being satisfied with oneself).
The judges also looked for signs of loneliness, conscientiousness（正义）, emotional control and religious and political beliefs.
The researchers said the judges could identify some personalities even when people were pictured in controlled positions. They could recognize personalities like extroversion and self-esteem. But it was hard for the judges to decide about most other personalities under the controlled conditions.
When the people smiled and stood naturally, however, judging their personalities was easy. Then the judges’ choices were correct for nine of the ten personalities.
Researcher Laura Nauman said that we live in the world where first impressions are important.
1. According to the passage, who were the judges?
A. The researchers of the study.                       B. The subjects in the study.
C. Parents and other adults.                               D. People in the photographs.
2. Which of the following qualities could the judges identify even when people were pictured in controlled positions?
A. Extroversion                   B. Religious beliefs              C. Loneliness         D. Emotional control
3. We can infer from the passage that ____________
A. the study was carried out by four researchers from America.
B. in the study126 people were photographed for judges to decide their personalities.
C. the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin is an official publication（出版物）.
D. it was hard to recognize personalities when the people were pictured with natural looks.
4. What will the author most probably talk about next?
A. The quality of the judges.                      B. The personalities of Laura Nauman.
C. Signs of emotional control.                   D. The reason why one’s appearance is important.

The huge explosion at Krakatau was the result of two different factors. One was that the volcano had not broken out for some time and so at the very center of the volcano there was an huge plug of lava, this acted like a cork(塞子) in a bottle, stopping the pressure below from being released(释放). The second factor was that ocean water entered the very centre of the volcano as the explosions became more violent. This caused superheated steam to build up enormous pressure and this was finally released in the largest explosion of all on August 27, 1883. The sudden release of the pressure sent huge amounts of ash, rock and dust into the sky. Some of the ash rose 80km into the air and traveled around the Earth causing brightly coloured sunsets for several years.
Krakatau almost disappeared; for many years after this explosion, it remained very quiet. However, there was still activity going on under the sea and on 25 January, 1925, a small volcanic cone appeared above the surface of the water. This new volcano was named Anak Kmkatau, or Child of Krakatau. Over the following years, the size of the island grew larger, by 1959, the island was 300 metres above the surface of the sea. The volcanic activity has continued and the latest eruptions were in 1995.
There is no doubt Krakatar will continue to grow and there is also strong evidence that at some point in the future there will be another violent explosion. Krakatau is in a part of the world where the surface of the Earth is unstable and is always moving and cracking. If, in the future, another “cork” becomes fixed in the centre of the volcano, the pressure will build up. A series of a smaller explosions will allow sea-water into the centre of the volcano and once again the result will a terribly destructive explosion.
66. The latest eruptions were in_______.
A.1925           B. 1959           C. 1995          D. 1983
67. The pressure under the volcano can not be released because _______
the plug looks like a cork in a bottle
the volcano hasn’t broken out for some time
the center of the volcano is blocked(堵塞) by lava
the temperature of the steam is not high enough.
68. We can infer from the article that Krakatau volcano________
A. has broken out three times               B. never dies but continues to be active
C. will kill many people again in the future    D. is always moving and growing above sea.
69. All of the following results are caused by the explosion at Krakatau EXCEPT that_____
A. ash, rock and dust was thrown high into the air
B. others small volcanoes were soon produced.
C. The island of Kratau was destroyed
D. People saw beautiful sunsets for some years
70. The article is mainly about________
A. the cause of the Krakatau volcano      B. the danger of the Krakatau volcano
C. the history of the Krakatau volcano     D. the future of the Krakatau volcano

第二部分：阅读理解（共20 小题。第一节共15 小题，每题2分；第二节共5 题，每题2分；共40 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项  A．B．C．D中选出最佳选项。
A
Unnoticed and unappreciated for five decades，a large female turtle （龟）with a stained（彩色的），leathery（粗而硬的） shell is now a precious commodity（物品）in Changsha’s old zoo．She is fed on a special diet of raw meat．Her small pool has been covered with glass which can defend it from bullets．A special camera monitors her movements．A guard is posted at night．
The purpose is simple：the turtle must not die．
Earlier this year，scientists concluded that she was the planet’s last known female Yangtze giant soft shell turtle．She is about 80 years old and weighs almost 90 pounds．
As it happens，the planet also has only one known male．He lives at a zoo the city of Suzhou．He is 100 years old and weighs about 200 pounds．They are the last hope of saving a species believed to be the largest freshwater turtles in the world．
“It’s a very dangerous situation,” said Peter Pritchard, a famous turtle expert in the United States，who has helped try to save the species．、
For many Chinese people，the turtle is the symbol of health and long life，but the last two Yangtze giant soft-shell creatures show the threatened state of wildlife and biodiversity（生物多样性）in China．Pollution, hunting and over development are destroying natural habitats，and also endangering the plant and the animal population．
China contains some of the world’s richest treasures of biodiversity, yet the latest major survey of plants and animals shows a discouraging picture．Nearly 40 percent of all mammal species in China are now endangered, Scientists say．For plants，the situation is worse；70 percent of all nonflowering plant species and 86 percent of flowering species are considered threatened．
46．Why is the turtle in Changsha specially cared?
A．She has been unnoticed and unappreiated five decades．
B．She can be sold at a high price．
C．She is the planet’s last known female Yangtze giant soft-shell turtle．
D．She is old and heavy．
47．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
A．The turtle in Changsha is precious because it is the symbol of health and long life．
B．Peter Pritchard believes the female turtle is the largest freshwater turtle in the world．
C．The female turtle is in a dangerous situation where she may be killed．
D．The female turtle in Changsha and the male turtle in Suzhou are the last hope of saving the largest freshwater turtle species in the world．
48．According to the text ________in China．
A．there are the richest species of living things
B．wild plants and animals are becoming fewer
C．turtles are specially protected
D．the situation of plants is better than that of mammal species
49．The last paragraph proves the threatened state of wildlife and biodiversity in China by__________ ．
A．facts and numbers                      B．Peter Pritchard’S words
C．teaching theory                        D．telling a story

第二部分 阅读理解  (满分35分)
第一节　语篇阅读 (每小题2分)
阅读理解下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，指出能完成所给句子或回答所提问题的最佳答案。
Astronomy (天文学) is the oldest science known to man. Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about heavens (天堂). But the six planets that he could see with his eyes alone limited man.
The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago. They could see the size, color, and brightness of a star. They could see its place in the sky. They watched the stars move as the seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens.
Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space. Until there were telescopes (望远镜), man did not know much about the moon. He did not know that the planet called Saturn (土星) had rings around it. His sight was so limited that he could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s, people thought there were only six planets. Pluto (冥王星), the last of the nine planets to be discovered was seen until 1930.
Before the spectroscopes (分光镜), man didn’t know what kind of gas was in the sun or other stars, without radio telescopes (射电望远镜), we did not know that radio noise came from far in space.
Today, astronomy is a growing science. We have learned more in the past fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.
1Thousands of years ago, man watched ____ with his eyes.
A. the moon       B. the stars         C. the universe    D. all the planets
2 When the Greeks watched the stars, they could ____ .
A. know what the stars were made of     B. not see their places in the sky
C. help themselves study the heavens     D. watch the stars move as the seasons changed
3Until there were ____ , man knew very little about the moon.
A. telescopes      B. spectroscopes C. radio telescopes   D. spaceships
3People didn’t know about Pluto until ____ .
A. the 1700s      B. 2,000 years ago   C. 1930             D. thousands of years ago
5____ people began to do research on astronomy.
A. 50 years ago  B. 90 years ago  C. In the early 1700s      D. Over 2,000 years ago

Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.
“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”
Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.
“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”
His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.
“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”
Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.
1. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?
A. He teaches chemistry at MU. 
B. He developed a chemical battery.
C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.
D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.
2. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.
A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied.
B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]
C. to describe a nuclear-powered system.
D. to introduce various energy sources.
3. Liquid semiconductor is used to _________.
A. get rid of the radioactive waste  
B. test the power of nuclear batteries.
C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries
D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.
4. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.
A. uses a solid semiconductor       
B. will soon replace the present ones.
C. could be extremely thin          
D. has passed the final test.
5. The text is most probably a ________.
A. science news report        B. book review   
C. newspaper ad              D. science fiction story

Priscilla Ouchida’s “energy-efficient” house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000 three-bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned (双层玻璃的) windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscilla’s eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness.
Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde (甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting.
The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is net given sufficient attention partly because of the nation’s drive to save energy. The problem itself isn’t new. “The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,” says Moschandreas a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases.”
The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn’t worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants produced in most households seldom build up to dangerous levels.
1. It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas’ house __________
A. is well worth the money spent on its construction
B. is almost faultless from the point of energy conservation
C. failed to meet energy conservation standards
D. was designed and constructed in a scientific way
2. What made the Ouchidas’ new house a horrible dream?
A. Lack of fresh air.                                  B. Poor quality of building materials.
C. Gas leak in the kitchen.                          D. The newly painted walls.
3. The underlined word “accentuate” in the third paragraph most probably means ___________.
A. control        B. worsen               C. relieve               D. improve
4. This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled “_________”.
A. Energy Conservation                             B. Houses Building Crisis
C. Air Pollution Indoors                             D. Traps in Building Construction

A survey has found that in adolescence (青春期) a lack of physical activity is connected with emotional and behavioral problems. More than 7,000 teenagers in Finland took part in the survey that judged their levels of physical activity and mental and emotional health. Boys who reported less than one hour of physical activity a week were more likely to be anxious and sad than boys who were more active. Girls who were not active had similar problems, and were more likely than boys who were not active to have sleep problems and break school rules.
The researchers concluded that both boys and girls who are not active are more likely than active ones to have social and attention problems.
“Adolescence is already a difficult stage of life-emotionally, mentally and physically,” study author Marko T.Kantomaa said in the American College of Sports Medicine.
“Mixing that with negative mental and emotional effects brought on by lack of physical activity does not help young people enter adulthood smoothly. Physical activity could be a highly effective and relatively easy way to help that transition and could lead to healthy habits for one’s whole life,” Kantomaa said.
Researchers said that evidence suggests that an increase in physical activity helps reduce problems of sadness and anxiety in both adolescents and adults. “It seems that there is a psychological(心理的)and physiological(生理的)connection that helps explain the beneficial effects of exercise on mental health,”Kantomaa said.
1. The first paragraph leads us to believe that________.
A. a lack of physical activity may cause many mental problems
B. a lack of physical exercise is common among teenagers
C. girls have more physical and mental problems than boys
D. inactive boys are more likely to break rules than inactive girls
2. Which of the following problems may NOT be caused by a lack of activity according to the passage?
A. Anxiety.     B. sleeplessness.    C. Inattention.   D. unkindness.
3. From the passage we can conclude that___________.
A. boys take more physical exercise than girls
B. teenagers who aren’t active spend a lot of time studying
C. plenty of physical activity is effective in developing healthy habits
D. physical exercise is the only way to cure mental problems
4. The underlined word “transition” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to“_______”.
A. change      B. condition       C. balance       D. activity

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
Put yourself in these tourists’ position. You are walking an icy mountain path in the Alps in Europe. Suddenly you spot a body on the ground, face downward and stuck to the ice. You think someone may have been murdered or in a fatal accident. So you rush back and call the police. The police, however, quickly realize that this body is different from others they’ve found on the mountain. For one thing, it is mostly undamaged. For another, its skin is dried out, like a mummy’s（木乃伊）. And there is an old small stone knife beside the body.
The body turned out be much older than the tourists could have guessed. When specialists（专家）had a chance to examine it, they discovered it had been there for about five thousand years!
How could a body stay preserved for all this time? Two things probably helped. First, the place where the man died was somewhat sheltered, so animals couldn’t get at it. Then he was quickly covered by falling snow. Wind blowing through the snow probably “freeze-dried” his body, removing all moisture(水分) from it.
Objects found with the body told something about the Iceman’s life. He wore a well-made fur jacket and trousers. He clearly had been hunting, because he carried arrows, and animal bones were nearby. He also had a grass cushion for sitting or sleeping on. Perhaps he was tired when he lay down for the last time.
The body was found in 1991, when some of the ice on the mountain melted. Searching for the cause of the Iceman’s death, scientists put the body back into cold conditions---and hoped.
1. What does the underlined word “spot” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A. lay       B. dig          C. find         D. carry
2. Which of the following is NOT the reason that the police realize that the body is different from others?
A. The body’s skin is like a mummy’s.    B. Beside the body is an old small stone knife.
C. The body is much older than others.   D. The body is mostly undamaged.
3. At what time of a year was the Iceman probably died?
A. Early fall.   B. Late spring.    C. Summer.    D. Winter.
4. This passage is mainly to _____________
A. tell us what life was like 5, 000 years ago.
B. warn us not to go to the Alps.
C. introduce a mysterious Iceman to us.
D. explain the mystery of the Alps.