Researches show what we already suspected: Three out of four babies who died of SIDS(婴儿猝死) involved co-sleeping. We’ll say it again. The safest course is not to sleep with babies.
We know the argument: Bad parenting, not co-sleeping, is to blame for the dozens of babies’ deaths. Some parents stick to co-sleeping because it helps them bond with their newborns. They say those who give co-sleeping a bad name either had been drinking, used drugs or were too tired to notice that they rolled over on their children.
But, most of the cases did not involve drugs or alcohol. There’s a “but” here, however. Submitting to a test for drugs or alcohol in these cases is voluntary, so it’s difficult to know with certainty.
Organizations like the Black Health Coalition and others have explained the safe way to co-sleep. While we understand those arguments, we also know that mistakes can happen and that it only takes one time for something to go terribly wrong. The risk outweighs the benefit.
In all likelihood, parents will continue to co-sleep, and some will do so without ever having an incident, but babies are too vulnerable(易受伤的) for parents to take such chances. Therefore, the best place for babies to sleep is in their own beds, on their backs, with no pillows, blankets or toys. No parent wants a tragedy(悲剧) to occur. The best way to make sure the tragedy doesn’t happen is to allow babies to sleep alone in their own cribs(摇篮).                                         
【小题1】According to the author, most of the SIDS cases happened because of ________.

A．drugs

B．co-sleeping

C．drinking

D．bad parenting

【小题2】Some parents think sleeping with their babies can ________.

A．keep the babies healthy

B．give co-sleeping a good name

C．prevent themselves from drinking

D．develop a good relation with their babies

【小题3】The author holds the opinion that ________.

A．parents can sleep with babies, but cautiously

B．co-sleep helps to bring babies closer to parents

C．parents can’t take chances to sleep with their babies

D．accidents only happen to those careless parents

【小题4】Which of the following best describes the structure of the text?

A．①

B．①②

C．①

D．①

↙↘                                   ↓                  ↙↓↘              ↙↓↓↘
②③④                  ③④                 ②③④           ②③④⑤
↘↙                                  ↓                  ↘↓↙
⑤                            ⑤                  ⑤

You’re lost in the world of dreams and sleep. You roll over, smiling as you come across a swimming pool filled with chocolate. And then, your wonderful dream becomes a nightmare when someone is screaming, “Get up!” It’s just what every teenager goes through each morning!
Now, there seems to be one school that finally understands that requiring teens to show up at 9 am is not just cruel but also harmful to both the kids and the school.
The Monkseaton High School in North Tyneside, Britain, recently decided to experiment to see if there is any difference in student behavior if they just pushed back the start of their day by one hour, from 9 am to 10 am. And the results are surprising.
Since carrying out the later start, Monkseaton has seen a 28% drop in truancy, even hardly any lateness, and best of all, higher test scores. One of the reasons is that the teenagers are much happier to have the extra hour of sleep, but there is also a scientific reason behind why they need the extra sleep.
The school’s decision to push back the time was based on the research done by Oxford Professor Russell Foster, who pointed out that teenagers and adults have different sleep cycles, explaining why teenagers go to bed late and wake up late.
While adults are wide awake and ready at 8 am, teenagers are not fully awake until 10 am, sometimes even noon. Teachers may argue that their students perform better in the morning, but in fact, it is because they are in the zone while their students are still sleepy, making the students easier to control. Memory tests prove that the more difficult classes should be in the afternoon when teenagers are most wide awake.
The Monkseaton school officials are encouraged by the results and plan on voting to make it a permanent change.
【小题1】What’s the best title of this passage?

A．Get up early, teenagers!

B．Finally, a school understands teenagers.

C．Why do teenagers stay up late?

D．Difference between teens and adults.

【小题2】What’s the meaning of the underlined word “truancy”?

A．grades

B．subject s

C．absence

D．classes

【小题3】What can we learn from the passage?

A．Teenagers and adults have the same sleep cycle.

B．Teenagers are fully awake at 10 am.

C．Teenagers are much happier to sleep than study.

D．Teenagers need the extra sleep also for a scientific reason.

【小题4】Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．The Monkseaton school is satisfied with the result of experiments.

B．It is cruel for the teenagers to show up at 9 am.

C．The Monkseaton school plans to change the school time forever.

D．Teenagers perform better in the morning than in the afternoon.

Not very long ago, a special family system(体系) existed in certain parts of South India. In the system, the actual head of a family unit was the mother’s eldest brother, though the mother also had an important position in the family. In families of this kind, a husband was actually no more than a visitor. He did not live with his wife, but with his own mother, brothers and sisters in another house. He saw his sons and daughters sometimes, but the man who actually fed and cared for them and acted as their father was their uncle--- their mother’s brother.
But this system, in which brothers and sisters take the place of the father, no longer exists in South India except in a few villages. Economic(经济的) changes have had far- reaching effect on family life. Family life began to change when men went out to work in factories and offices instead of working with their mothers, brothers, and sisters on the land. When a man went out to work, he had money of his own and could buy his own land and build his own family, instead of depending on his mother and his brothers. He wanted to be independent(独立的). This is an example of the way in which economic relations can have an effect on family relationships.
【小题1】 The best title of this passage is ______.

A．Husband Actually Visitor in Family

B．Family System in South India

C．Wife Has Important Position in Family

D．Economic Relations Affects Family Relationships

【小题2】 Who had the actual control of a family in South India not long ago?

A．The mother.	B．The mother’s eldest brother.
C．The father.	D．The father’s mother.

【小题3】 In this system, the husband lived together with______.

A．his wife	B．his sons and daughters
C．his mother, brothers and sisters	D．his wife’s brother

【小题4】Now in South India there are__ of this system in which a husband has no control of his family.

A．no families	B．many more families
C．very few families	D．not any families

For many years Henry had been a journalist. He had worked on many international newspapers and magazines and traveled over the world.
Henry had witnessed war and natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and erupting volcanoes ( 火山爆发).
He had reported on serious accidents such as major fires and airline crashes.
He had seen every kind of terrible crime and strange event there was.
He had met and written about some of the most unusual people in the world.
In fact, there wasn’t much that Henry had not seen or done.
Now he was retired from journalism(新闻业). He owned a very expensive restaurant and spent his days talking to his wealthy and important customers. He liked to say that nothing surprised him.
One day he was sitting at the bar in his restaurant when a big gorilla(大猩猩) walked in and asked for a table.
Henry showed no surprise. He took the gorilla to a table and handed him a menu. He treated him politely and pretended there was nothing at all strange about having a gorilla in his restaurant.
The gorilla looked through the menu and ordered a salad.
Henry served the gorilla his salad personally, knowing that his waiters and waitresses would be too frightened.
At last the gorilla finished his salad and asked for the bill.
Henry wrote out the bill and handed it to the big animal.
The gorilla studied it, shook his head sadly then gave Henry fifty dollars.
“Thank you,” Henry said, and then to make conversation, he added, “we don’t get many gorillas in this restaurant.”
“At fifty dollars for a salad,” the gorilla said, “I’m not surprised.”
【小题1】According to the story, Henry had________.

A．had the most exciting experiences	B．told the longest stories
C．made history	D．caused accidents

【小题2】One day when a gorilla came into the restaurant, Henry was_____.

A．very surprised by the gorilla	B．not disturbed(烦忧) by the gorilla
C．very interested in the gorilla	D．scared of the gorilla

【小题3】 From the sentences “Henry served the gorilla his salad personally, knowing that his waiters and waitresses would be too frightened” you can learn that______.

A．his staff were not brave people	B．Henry didn’t normally serve customers
C．the gorilla had eaten there before	D．the gorilla was careful with his money

Every year mobile phones develop. Imagining what they will look like and be able to do in 2020 is really a challenge. To help, experts have outlined three major mobile trends that they believe will have become reality by then.
Our phones will be so smart in 10 years’ time that they’ll know everything about our situation and warn us when something needs our attention. This is the top prediction of both Nokia and Google. They predict that our cars and home appliances will be able to communicate with our mobile. For example, fridges will tell your mobile to tell you to pick up milk on the way back from work. While driving, your mobile will suggest that you take a different route because there’s a road accident up ahead.
The second trend is in gesture-based controls. People who know the iPhone’s touch-sensitive screen are already familiar with the technology. It translates hand movements into actions on-screen. But gestural communications will make the phone more convenient to use and may completely replace touchpads. According to industry insiders, the most immediate step forward in gestural technology will be in voice recognition. It’s believed voice recognition technology will speed up communications. It is quicker to speak than type. Eventually, phone screens will disappear.
The third major development will change our understanding of a mobile phone. From a single phone, the mobile will be developed into multi-part devices. It is opposite to the current trend in which mobile phones are combining the functions of cameras, music players and game consoles. The prediction is based on the idea that the world will become more wireless and all these—cameras, music players and game consoles—will be wirelessly connected. Mobile phones won’t need to contain these devices because users will be able to control them wirelessly through their phones.
【小题1】The first paragraph serves as          .

A．a lead-in

B．a conclusion

C．a summary

D．a supporting fact

【小题2】Which of the following is most likely to be the appearance of a mobile phone in 2020? 

【小题3】From the text, we can learn that the future mobile phones will          .

A．drive cars for us

B．be controlled by the users’ voices

C．be controlled by home appliances

D．be very big together with separated multiple parts

【小题4】The text mainly tells us          .

A．three major trends of mobile phones

B．what mobile phones will look like in 2020

C．the future mobile phones are gesture-based

D．some new functions of the present mobile phones

答对三题以上（含三题）才给予加分；请在完成前五部分的前提下完成该部分

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Honesty may well be the policy, but it often deserts us when no one is watching, psychologists report today. Experiments with an honesty box to collect payments for hot drinks show that people are better at paying up when under the gaze of a pair of eyes. The surprise was that the eyes were not real, but photographed.Researchers at Newcastle University set up the experiment in secret. They attached a poster to a cupboard of mugs above an honesty box alongside a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk. Over 10 weeks, they alternated (轮流替换) each week between images of eyes and pictures of flowers.
Dr. Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study, said that even though the eyes were not real they still seemed to make people behave more honestly. The effect may result from behavioral characteristics that developed as early humans formed social groups that increased their chances of survival. Individuals had to co-operate for the good of the group, rather than act selfishly.
“If nobody is watching us it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we think we’re being watched we should behave better, so people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us,” Dr. Bateson said.
“We thought we’d get a slight effect with eyes, by it was quite striking how much difference they made. Even at a subconscious level, it seems people respond to eyes, and that might be because eyes send a strong biological signal we have evolved(进化) to respond to.”
The finding, which researchers believe sheds light on our evolutionary past, could be turned to practical use. The psychologists say images of eyes could increase ticket sales on public transport and improve monitor systems to prevent antisocial behavior.
【小题1】This passage is mainly about ____________.

A．the policy of honesty	B．an honesty box to collect money
C．evolution on honesty	D．an experiment on honesty

【小题2】The reason for doing the experiment secretly is that the researchers __________.

A．wanted to get a comparatively more exact result

B．had known they wanted to do something illegally

C．meant to get the co-operation of their colleagues

D．intended to sell the hot drinks at a higher price

【小题3】People behave honestly under watchful gaze of eyes because ____________.

A．they want to leave a good impression

B．they fear to be laughed at by others

C．they’ve got the nature through evolution

D．they take the photo for a real pair of eyes

【小题4】The underlined phrase “sheds light on” in the last paragraph means _________.

A．causes somebody to become cheerful

B．makes something easier to understand

C．comes upon something by accident

D．brings something into the broad daylight

【小题5】Images of a pair of eyes can be applied to all except ________.

A．ticket sales on public transport

B．cold drink sales in public places

C．places with “No spitting!” signs

D．electrical appliances(电器) used at home

The bar-tailed godwit （斑尾鷸）has just broken its own record for the world’s longest non-stop flight, including humans in planes, according to a report made by Lund University Press. The bird can fly non-stop for eight days, while the most impressive man-made airplane can only remain in the sky for 82 hours without a stop.
The bar-tailed godwit’s journey, from Alaska to New Zealand, covers over 6,835 miles. It completes this trip twice a year, in autumn going to New Zealand, and in spring back to Alaska. The tireless bird ends the trip without stopping once for food or rest. All other birds can only finish trips that are twice as short as what the bar-tailed godwit travels.
One reason for the bar-tailed godwit’s success is that it has made the best use of its fuel, which is only 0.41 percent of its body weight over each hour of any given long flight. Hedenstrom, a professor from Lund University, says, “This figure is extremely low compared with other birds.” The bird also has a special body shape that helps it fly easily. It stores body fat and protein to manage its trips. It also travels fast, compared to other birds and animals.
Many questions remain about this bird record holder that never gets lost in the air. Researchers wonder whether it has an inside compass (指南针) that helps it to know the direction. Please watch how beautiful bar-tailed godwits look as they come in for a landing, along with other birds.
【小题1】For the flight from Alaska to New Zealand, the bar-tailed godwit__________

A．doesn’t need to stop to eat

B．is afraid of hot weather

C．seems very tired at last

D．should fly less than 7,000 meters

【小题2】The main reason why the bar-tailed godwit can break the record is that it ______.

A．eats little food every hour

B．has a special body shape

C．stores much water in its body

D．has very light body weight

【小题3】The last paragraph tells us that _________.

A．researchers have understood the bird very well

B．the bird has a very good sense of direction

C．there are still many who doubt the bird’s ability

D．the bird has an inner compass

With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone (克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). That's a move similar to what a Texas A&M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah's Ark”.
Noah's Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎)，semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen（氮）. If certain species should become extinct , Dr. Duane Kraemar, a professor in Texas A&M University Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals , birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years . The panda, native only to China , is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years .
This week , Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit . They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.
The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.
“The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem，” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy(having a baby). It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort, ”adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A & M, the first–ever attempt at cloning a dog.
“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.”
【小题1】 The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to ________.

A．make efforts to clone the endangered pandas

B．save endangered animals from dying out

C．collect DNA of endangered animals to study

D．transfer the nuclear of one animal to another

【小题2】Ａccording to Professor Kraemer , the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _______.

A．available panda eggs	B．host animals
C．qualified researchers	D．enough money

【小题3】The best title for the passage may be ______.

A．China’s Success in Panda Cloning

B．The First Cloned Panda in the World

C．Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas

D．China---the Native Place of Pandas Forever

In 1886 explorer Robert Peary traveled to Greenland for the U.S. Navy. Before his journey, no one knew Greenland’s size or shape. On Peary’s first trips, he explored Greenland, mapping parts of it.
When Peary returned to the United States, he went to a businessman to sell some furs. There he met Matthew Henson, an African American mechanic, builder and navigator. When Peary went to Nicaragua on a Navy mission(任务),Henson went with him. When that job was over, the two headed to the Arctic.
Henson and Peary set sail for Greenland. When they landed, Henson built a house for their base camp. Peary and his men set out to explore the land by dog sledge(雪橇). Henson was injured and had to stay at the base. While there, he made friends with the Inuit, the native people.
In 1895 Henson, Peary and Hugh Lee went out on another dog sledge journey. This time, they found Greenland’s northernmost point. They now knew that the North Pole lay under the frozen Arctic Ocean. Peary had hoped to cross the ice. but the group ran out of food and returned to base camp. In the years that followed, Peary and Henson tried several times to reach the North Pole, but each time they failed. On one trip, Peary’s feet froze, and he lost his toes（脚趾）.
Peary and Henson planned last trip when Peary was 53 years old. They started across the sea ice from Ellesmere Island, which is located（位于） north of Canada. The temperature dropped as low as—51 degrees Celsius. The explores’ cheeks froze , and they suffered snow blindness from the sun’s glare. They experienced high winds and storms, and they also faced a hidden danger. Under the frozen ocean were powerful currents（潮流）. The ice moved and broke apart leaving open water, called leads. Twice Peary fell into leads. But eventually he and Henson became the first persons to reach the North Pole.
【小题1】 What did Peary and Henson find in 1895?

A．Greenland is near the Artic Ocean.

B．Ellesmere Island is located north of Canada.

C．The North Pole is located in the Artic Ocean.

D．Greenland’s northernmost point is the North Pole.

【小题2】 Which of the following words can be used to describe Peary?

A．Determined.

B．Modest.

C．Generous.

D．Honest.

【小题3】What was the potential danger that Peary and Henson faced on their last trip?

A．Snow blindness.

B．High winds.

C．Storms.

D．Leads.

【小题4】The best title for the passage might be “____”.

A．The mapping of the Arctic Ocean.

B．Peary and Henson: Arctic explorers

C．Early explorers’ trips to the South Pole

D．Henson and Peary: discoverers of Greenland

Lichens (地衣) are difficult to see. They don’t move. They often mix into the living place. You might not even recognize one if you are looking right at it.
Lichens live on rocks, branches, houses, and even metal street signs. You can find these colorful organisms (微生物) almost everywhere — from deserts to rainforests, and from Antarctica to Africa. They’ve traveled in outer space, and some scientists think there might even be lichens on Mars.
What you probably don’t realize is that a lichen is more than a single thing. It includes two different types of living organisms: a fungus (菌类) and an alga (藻类). Neither of these organisms is a plant, so the lichen isn’t a plant either.
Through photosynthesis (光合作用), the alga gets the sun’s energy to make food for the fungus, which is the place for the alga to live in. However, the alga cannot leave the fungus.
Around the world, scientists have found tens of thousands of types of lichens. Many may not even have been discovered yet. As scientists continue to find new kinds of lichens, they are also working to understand how they are connected to one another. By putting together a lichen family tree, they hope to understand why so many different types of lichens have grown in so many places around the world.
Many researchers are trying to understand basic facts about the organisms and their connections. Researchers are also using lichens to examine the health of the environment.
【小题1】What do we know about lichens according to the passage?

A．They will die if they leave Earth.

B．There are more lichens than plants on Earth.

C．They look similar to the environment around them.

D．They are too small to be easily seen by people.

【小题2】What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A．The way lichens live.

B．The natural environment of lichens.

C．The way lichens work as organisms.

D．The family tree of lichens.

【小题3】Which of the following statements is NOT the scientists’ purposes of studying lichens?

A．To understand basic facts about them.

B．To creat a lichen family tree.

C．To understand how lichens are related to each other.

D．To understand why lichens can live in different places.

【小题4】We can know from the passage that __________.

A．lichens can be used to better understand the environment

B．lichens don’t have any differences in colors or sizes

C．lichens don’t use photosynthesis like a green plant

D．scientists have discovered every kind of lichen