William Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13, 1865. His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature, particularly drama (戏剧) and poetry.
Yeats had strong faith in coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the fresh task in founding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s. His early theatrical experiments, however, were not received favorably at the beginning. He didn’t lose heart, and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.
Compared with his dramatic works, Yeats’s poems attract much admiring notice. The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition.
He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the Nobel Price in 1923. Yet, he continued writing almost to the end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would who probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet Auden wrote, among others, the following liners:
Earth, receive an honored guest:
William Yeats is laid to rest.
Let the Irish vessel (船) lie
Emptied of its poetry.
【小题1】Which of the following can describe Yeats’s family?

A．It filled Yeats’s childhood with laughter.

B．It was shocked by Yeats’s choice.

C．It was a typically wealthy family.

D．It had an artistic atmosphere.

【小题2】According to the passage, what do we know about Yeats’s life?

A．Yeats founded the first Irish theater.

B．Yeats stuck to modern forms in his poetry.

C．Yeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s.

D．Yeats was not favored by the public until the 1923 Noble Prize.

【小题3】What kind of feeling is expressed in W. H. Auden’s lines?

A．Envy.	B．Sympathy.
C．Emptiness.	D．Admiration.

【小题4】What is the passage mainly about?

A．Yeats’ literary achievements.

B．Yeats’ historical influence.

C．Yeats’ artistic ambition.

D．Yeats’ national honor.

Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare； there are weddings on mountain-tops with guests barefooted； and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs.
　　Before a couple is married，they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready，then comes the most exciting moment.
　　The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march is played. The bride carrying a bouquet enters last with her father who will "give her away". The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar， the bride and groom exchange vows. It is traditional to use the words "To have and to hold from this day forward， for better， for worse， for richer， for poorer， in sickness and in health， to love and to cherish， till death do us part". Following the vows， the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.
　　After the ceremony there is often a party, called a "reception" which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlyweds.
The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamers and shaving cream. The words "Just Married" are painted on the trunk or back window. The bride and groom run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church， friends often chase them in cars， honking and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.
【小题1】 What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Introducing the kinds of wedding in the USA

B．introducing the whole procedure of the wedding in the USA

C．Introducing the traditional wedding ceremony in the USA

D．Introducing a forgetful wedding party in the USA

【小题2】Which of the following sentences is true?

A．In American ,before a couple are married, they never get engaged.

B．It is an old custom to wear the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the right hand.

C．They don’t invite the relatives who live far away to the wedding party.

D．The couple will go on their honeymoon on the very wedding day.

【小题3】Which is the last but one step of the wedding ceremony?

A．The bride carrying a bouquet enters with her father who will "give her away"

B．t he bride and groom exchange vows

C．the couple exchange rings

D．The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march is played

Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change—to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.
Landscape(风景) is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography(摄影术) to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom.
Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods.
Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings.
【小题1】
Leslie's paintings are extraordinary because_______ .

A．they are close in style to works in ancient times

B．they look like works by 19th-century painters

C．they draw attention to common things in life

D．they depend heavily on color photography

【小题2】
What is the author's opinion of artistic reality?

A．It will not be found in future works of art.

B．It does not have a long-lasting standard.

C．It is expressed in a fixed artistic form.

D．It is lacking in modern works of art.

【小题3】
What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?

A．They express people's curiosity about the past.

B．They make people interested in everyday experience.

C．They are considered important for variety in form.

D．They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.

During his life Dr James Naismith worked as a doctor, taught P.E and wrote several books. While he never thought it very important, Dr Naismith is today best known for one thing. He was the inventor of basketball.
Dr James Naismith was born in Canada in 1861 and his first job was at a special sports school in the USA. One day the school principal told James he was having a problem with the students. Because of heavy snow, the students could not go outside. He told James that they needed a sport the boys could play indoors and gave the teacher two weeks to think of something.
It was on the very last day that James came up with his idea. The “birth of basketball” is said to be on December 21, 1891, when two teams from the school played the first game. It was quite different from the basketball games of today. It had 9 players on each team and footballs were used instead of basketballs. Soon after, the game changed to 5 players on each side, using special “basketballs” through nets.
Although Dr Naismith did not live to see basketball become the worldwide game it is today, in 1936, just three years before his death, basketball became an Olympic sport at the Games in Berlin.
【小题1】
Which of the following things did Dr James Naismith NOT do?

A．Teach P.E in school.	B．Write some books.
C．Work at a hospital.	D．Take part in the Olympic Games.

【小题2】
In which season did Dr Naismith invent basketball?

A．Summer.

B．Winter.

C．Spring.

D．Autumn.

【小题3】
Why is December 21 thought to be the birthday of basketball?

A．It was on this day that Dr Naismith came up with his idea for basketball.

B．It was the day on which Dr Naismith was born.

C．It was the day on which Dr Naismith was asked by his boss to invent a new game.

D．It was on this day that the first game of basketball was played.

【小题4】
At the time of Dr Naismith’s death, which of the following was true?

A．Basketball was already a worldwide game.

B．Basketball was played with 9 players on each side.

C．Basketball was an Olympic sport.

D．Basketball was still played using footballs.

Each Indian（印第安人）was supposed to keep his birth name until he was old enough to earn one for himself．But his playmates（游戏伙伴）would always give him a name of their own．No matter what his parents called him, his childhood friends would use the name they had chosen．Often it was not pleasing, such as Bow Legs or Bad Boy．But sometimes a name fit so well that the youngster found it difficult to shake it off．If he could not earn a better one from a war later, he could be stuck with a name like Bow Legs for the rest of his life.
The Indian earned his real name when he was old enough for his first fight against the enemy．His life name depended on how he acted during this first battle．When he returned from the war, the whole tribe would gather and observe the ceremony in which he would be given his name by the chief．If he had done well, he would get a good name．Otherwise he might be called Crazy Wolf or Man-Afraid-Of-a-Horse．So an Indian’s name told his record or described the kind of man he was.
A man was given many chances to improve his name, however．If in a later battle he was brave in fighting against the enemy, he was given a better name．Some of our great fighters had as many as twelve names—all good and each better than the last.
An Indian’s names belonged to him for the rest of his life．No one else could use them．Even he himself could not give them away because names were assigned by the tribe, not the family．So no man could pass on his name unless the chief and the tribe asked him to do so.
Sometimes an Indian would be asked to give his name to a son who had performed a noticeable deed．I know of only three of four times when this happened．It is the rarest honor for a person—the honor of assuming（承担） his father’s name.
【小题1】
An Indian could be given the second name by__________.

A．his father	B．the enemy
C．the chief of the tribe	D．his childhood friends

【小题2】
The greatest honor an Indian could earn was____________.

A．a victory in his first battle against the enemy

B．a name given by the chief

C．a ceremony to get his real name

D．the right to use his father’s name

【小题3】
If an Indian had more than ten names, it meant that____________.

A．many people in the tribe liked him	B．he was a great fighter
C．he had a lot of friends	D．he had fought in fewer than ten battles

【小题4】
Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?

A．The names given by the playmates of an Indian were usually not pleasant

B．The life name of an Indian was earned in battle

C．An Indian could throw away his birth name when he was old enough to earn one for himself.

D．The Indians themselves were not allowed to give their names away.

Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation（感觉） of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception（感知） of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses（假设）, handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
【小题1】
According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

A．the visitors to his office	B．the psychology lessons he has
C．his physical feeling of coldness	D．the things he has bought online

【小题2】
The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.

A．adults should develop social skills	B．babies need warm physical contact
C．caregivers should be healthy adults	D．monkeys have social relationships

【小题3】
In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.

A．evaluate someone’s personality	B．write down their hypotheses
C．fill out a personal information form
D．hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

【小题4】
We can infer from the passage that ______.

A．abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

C．physical temperature affects how we see others

D．capable persons are often cold to others

【小题5】
What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Drinking for Better Social Relationships

B．Experiments of Personality Evaluation

C．Developing Better Drinking Habits

D．Physical Sensations and Emotions

People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.
The research team has discovered that subordinate (隶属的)fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding(繁殖) rights within the group, ”explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are non-breeding females, each being 5–10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they keep this size separation.”
The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5–10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.
It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily，by limiting how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.
The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.
While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive(排他的) to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature,” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”
【小题1】
When a goby grows to within 5–10% of the size of its larger competitor, it_______.

A．faces danger	B．has breeding rights
C．eats its competitor	D．leaves the group itself

【小题2】
The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to _______.

A．the fish beaten up	B．the fish found out
C．the fish fattened up	D．the fish driven away

【小题3】
The experiment showed that the smaller fish_______.

A．fought over a feast	B．went on diet willingly
C．preferred some extra food	D．challenged the boss fish

【小题4】
What is the text mainly about?

A．Fish dieting and human dieting.	B．Dieting and health.
C．Human dieting.	D．Fish dieting.

Coffee has a history dating back to at least the 9th century and has been a catalyst for social interaction across cultures and eras. Originally discovered in Ethiopia, coffee beans were brought into the Middle East by Arab traders, spreading to Egypt, Yemen, Persia, Turkey, and North Africa by the 15th century. Muslim merchants eventually brought the beans to the thriving port city of Venice, where they sold them to wealthy Italian buyers. Soon, the Dutch began importing and growing coffee in places like Java and Ceylon (largely through slave labor), and the British East India Trading Company was popularizing the beverage in England. Coffee spread across Europe and even reached America.
Where there has been coffee, there has been the coffeehouse. From the 15th century Middle Eastern establishments where men gathered to listen to music, play chess, and hear recitations from works of literature, to Paris' Cafe le Procope where luminaries of the French Enlightenment such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot came to enjoy a hot cup of joe, coffeehouses have traditionally served as centers of social interaction, places where people can come to relax, chat, and exchange ideas.
The modern coffee shop is modeled on the espresso and pastry-centered Italian coffeehouses that arose with the establishment of Italian-American immigrant communities in major US cities such as New York City's Little Italy and Greenwich Village, Boston's North End, and San Francisco's North Beach. New York coffee shops were often frequented by the Beats in the 1950's. It wasn't long before Seattle and other parts of the Pacific Northwest were developing coffee shops as part of a thriving counterculture scene. The Seattle-based Starbucks took this model and brought it into mainstream culture.
Although coffeehouses today continue to serve their traditional purpose as lively social hubs in many communities, they have noticeably adapted to the times. Rediscovering their purpose as centers of information exchange and communication, many coffee shops now provide their customers with internet access and newspapers. It has become extremely common to see someone sitting at a Starbucks listening to music or surfing the web on his or her laptop. Coffee stores today also maintain a fairly identifiable, yet unique aesthetic: wooden furniture and plush couches, paintings and murals drawn on walls, and soft-lighting combine to give coffee shops the cozy feeling of a home away from home.
Today, big business retail coffee shops are expanding quickly all over the world. Starbucks alone has stores in over 40 countries and plans to add more. Despite its popularity, Starbucks has been criticized and labeled by many as a blood-sucking corporate machine, driving smaller coffee shops out of business through unfair practices. This has even spawned an anti-corporate coffee counterculture, with those subscribing to this culture boycotting big business coffee chains. Increasingly popular coffee stores such as The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf are also giving Starbucks some stiff competition. In any case, it seems pretty clear that coffee has weaved itself into the fabric of our consumer-oriented culture.
【小题1】
Which of the following is the correct order of coffee spreading in history?
①Egypt         ②America   ③the Middle East   ④Netherlands   ⑤Venice

A．①③④②⑤

B．③①⑤④②

C．①⑤④③②

D．③②⑤④①

【小题2】
We can infer from the passage ________.

A．Starbucks has beaten all the competitors

B．there are no changes in the development of coffee culture

C．the taste of coffee has changed a lot

D．Starbucks has some effect on the development of coffee culture

【小题3】
The famous coffeehouse “Starbucks” originally come from _______.

A．Seattle

B．Ethiopia

C．Java

D．France

【小题4】
Nowadays, if you come to a coffeehouse, you can _______.

A．play chess with other customers

B．enjoy delicious dishes from South America

C．surf the internet

D．watch a TV play

Feeling blue about world ? “Cheer up.” Says science writer Matt Ridley.”The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and got nature.”
Ridley calls himself a tat ional optimist—tactical .because he’s carefully weighed the evidence optimistic .because that   offence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good .And this is what he’s set out to prone from unique point of view in his most recent book. The Rant anal Opting  .He views mankind as grand enterprise that .on the whole .has done little but progress for 100.000 years. He backed his finding with hard gathered though years of research.
Here’s how he explains his views.
Shopping fuels invention
It is reported that there are more than ten billion different producers for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty .our own generation has access to more nutritious food .more convenient transport .bigger houses, better ears .and of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we there things to make other things, This more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.
2) Brilliant advances
One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ener before is that the four most basie human needs -food, clothing, fuel and shelter- have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it’s half second.
3) Let’s not kill ourselves for climate change
Mitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welface as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fassil-fuel(化石燃料) electrieity is forhidden by well meaming members of green polucal movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that mes in a flood caused by climate change. If chmaic change proves to be xxxx, but cutting carbon canses realparn, we may well find that we have stopped a nose bleed by putting a tournquet(止血带) around our necks.
【小题1】What is the theme of Ridley’s most recent book?

A．Weakness of human nature.

B．Concern about climate change.

C．Importance of practical thinking.

D．Optimism about human progress.

【小题2】How does Ridley look at shopping?

A．It encourages the creation of things.

B．It results in shortage of goods.

C．It demands more fossil fuels.

D．It causes a poverry problem.

【小题3】The candle and lamp example is used to show that     .

A．oil lamps give off more light than candles

B．shortening working time brings about a happier life.

C．advanced technology helps to produce better candles.

D．increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods.

【小题4】What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A．Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.

B．Overreaction to cliamate change may be dangerous.

C．People’s health is closely related to climate change.

D．Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.

“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churhill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organization decision making. For years March( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.
He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning :“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.”The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complications（复杂化），ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.
In one interesting part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says“The more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding；Don’t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.
【小题1】
According to the text, James March is ____________. 

A．a poet who uses experience in his writing

B．a teacher who teachers story writing in university

C．a researcher who studies the way humans think and act

D．a professor who helps organizations make important decisions

【小题2】
According to James March, experience ______________. 
A. is overvalued          B. is easy to explain
C. should be actively sought
【小题3】
What can we learn from Paragraph 3?  

A．Experience makes stories more accurate.

B．Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.

C．The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.

D．Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.

【小题4】
What’s the purpose of this text?  

A．To introduce a book.	B．To describe a researcher.
C．To explain experiential learning.	D．To discuss organizational decision making.