根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
1________
Examinations are almost always stressful Students rarely know exactly what to expect on the test, and those who suffer from exam fear or exam anxiety can see their grades suffer as a result of this stress. For some students，exam fear causes them to “ seize up ’’ and forget what they have studied.
2______Good study habits and learning how to relax can help students overcome exam fear.
3     ______According to Penn State University and Kids Health，proper study habits and preparation are the keys to cutting out exam fear. Avoid last-minute “cramming” for exams and actively listen while in class.
Focus on positive thoughts, relax the night before your test and reward yourself after the test is over. Often, people who suffer from exam anxiety cannot shut out negative thoughts or emotions about the test, and this can contribute to feeling more anxiety than normal 4______
Keep your mind and body healthy by getting  enough sleep, eating well and exercising. Healthier people who are well-rested often do better on exams.
5_____ Exam fear is normal When that anxiety severely interferes (干扰)with your ability to take the test, however, outside help might be needed. Ask your teachers and family for support and help.

A．How To Succeed hi An Exam

B．How To Overcome Exam Fear

C．Develop good study habits.

D．Understand that you are not alone and ask for help if necessary.

E.   Remind yourself that it’s just one test and that you can get through it
F.   Battling this type of performance anxiety can be hard, but it is not impossible.
G.   Remind yourself to read the instructions carefully.

Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn’t in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or slid should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name-calling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn’t mean trying to figure out what’s wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn’t, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn’t mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64% of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75% of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92% of the students felt better about themselves”. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
【小题1】This article is mainly about              .

A．the lives of school children	B．the cause of arguments in schools
C．how to analyze youth violence	D．how to deal with school conflicts

【小题2】From Paragraph 2 we can learn that              .

A．violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime

B．a small conflict can lead to violence

C．students tend to lose their temper easily

D．the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight

【小题3】Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?

A．To make clear what the real issue is.

B．To get ready to try new things.

C．To find out who is to blame.

D．To figure out how to stop the shouting match.

【小题4】After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that           .

A．more teachers felt better about themselves in schools

B．there was less student cooperation in the classroom

C．there was a decrease in classroom violence

D．the teacher-student relationship greatly improved

【小题5】The writer’s purpose for writing this article is to              .

A．complain about problems in school education

B．teach students different strategies for school life

C．inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence

D．advocate teaching conflict management in schools

A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate（中级的） and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “~” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “="”" sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London, November 1985   A.J.T., A.VM
【小题1】The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for              .

A．a middle school teacher	B．a primary school student
C．a senior high student	D．a college student

【小题2】According to the passage, we know that his grammar book              .

A．compares modern English with old English

B．gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty

C．attaches more importance to conversational forms

D．pays little attention to strict grammatical forms

【小题3】Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?

A．This book keeps up with the latest usages of the America English language.

B．This edition offers more information about pronouns.

C．It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.

D．One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”.

【小题4】When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ~Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that             .

A．the two parts before and after the sign “~” mean the same

B．the two parts before and after “~” are said by two different people

C．the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says

D．the topic is changed in the part after the sign “~”

【小题5】In the last paragraph, the authors thank several people because              .

A．they have helped the authors with this edition

B．they have agreed to buy a lot of books from the authors

C．the authors want to make use of the fames of those people

D．those people will make advertisements for this book

As a senior high school student, my future is always on my mind. To be exact,thoughts of the future have kept me up countless nights and made me worry enough to do poorly on more than one test. Because of this, words of wisdom are a source of comfort.Steve Jobs gave a speech to Stanford's graduating class in 2005 and his words resound repeatedly in my mind whenever I think about my future.
It started when l became a junior, when college came into view.  It's the first big step to making your life your own. So when Jobs discussed his life as a student, some fears were eased. He, too, felt the need to attend college to make something of himself. He faced what many are extremely afraid of: uncertainty. His lack of understanding caused him to stop attending college and focus on what he felt was important. His story had a happy ending, of course, since he certainly turned out well.
This doesn't mean that students shouldn't attend college, but rather that they shouldn't worry so much.  You'll get where you need to go, even if your path is a bit morewinding(蜿蜒的)than you'd like.
Jobs talked about the hardships in his work.  His love of his work helped him carry on and he got where he was meant to be, which restates the point: don't panic.One particular part of his speech stayed with me.  Steve Jobs quoted(引用)thc saying"Stay hungry, stay foolisll" and it has become my motto. Staying foolish is realizing thatyou are still a fool, no matter how much you've learned or experienced.  There is always more to explore. Staying hungry is wanting to find those things about which you are still uneducated.
Steve Jobs' level of success is possible to achieve, and I aim to prove that. With the will power to go into the world living every day like it's my last and allowing the future to take care of itself, I will do great things.  In the last moments of my life, I'll be proud of what I have done and hope to have all the wisdom a person could wish for.
【小题1】The author felt worried when_____.

A．he had to take tests at school

B．he had lots of sleepless nights

C．he thought about his future

D．he searched for words of wisdom

【小题2】It is suggested in Paragraphs l and 2 that_____

A．the author is a college student

B．the author cares much about his future

C．Steve Jobs failed because of his decision

D．Steve Jobs' words had no effect on the author

【小题3】What did the author gain from Jobs' speech?

A．Courage to drop out of school.	B．Confidence in defeating Jobs.
C．Interest in computer industry.	D．Bravery to face uncertainties.

【小题4】What did NOT Steve Jobs encourage students to do in his speech?

A．Be content with what they know.

B．Have the desire to learn more.

C．Stay calm in the face of hardships

D．Be modest so as to learn more.

【小题5】The passage is mainly about_____.

A．an experience of a speech

B．a memorable meeting with Jobs

C．the most impressive quotation in life

D．the wisdom drawn from a speech

Little Mark is only 6, but he has an IQ of 200, a genius among geniuses. But his intelligence comes at a cost. His parents must keep him intellectually simulated（启发）while making sure he is like any other little boy.
Mark has been attracted by the way how the world works since he was a baby. When he was 3, Mark was reading fluently, mostly self-taught. His parents haven't been able to keep him away from books since.
"I tried many times to stop him reading. We worry about his crazy fond of reading because he constantly wants to read every-thing whatever it is.”
A psychologist at the Centre for gifted children tested Mark and gave him an IQ of 200. The average child of Mark's age has an IQ of 100. At 200, Mark is a genius-even compared with other child geniuses.
"With children like Mark you can tell that's a bright child as soon as they walk in. They just have this sort of intensity, and maybe they're not so good at communicating with people," the psychologist said. "He will never fit perfectly into a class where he's with children of his age.”
But Mark's mother worries about the "socially isolated" labels. "Nobody wants their child to grow up with that image. I want him to communicate with others freely, but not to be frustrated academically, so it's really hard to find a balance," she says.
Helen Dudeney from the Talented and Gifted Children Association says Mark is one in a million with such a high IQ. She points out that geniuses are still rare and difficult for the public education system to handle. "The lack of coping comes because teachers aren't trained in teaching gifted children," says Dudeney.
Helen believes it's also extremely important for them to be recognized and supported in their talents. Mark's parents are trying to figure out how best to help Mark. At the moment, there are few options. Mark finds first year work boring and simple, but he must learn to complete the work. His mother says, "We just want to be happy. Just to have a happy childhood and want to go to school every day.”
【小题1】By saying "But his intelligence comes at a cost. ",the author means that        

A．Mark must pay for his intelligence at a high price

B．Mark's intelligence brings him negative effects at the same time

C．Mark's intelligence results from his parents

D．Mark's parents make Mark clever at all costs

【小题2】Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?      

A．Mark's parents are very satisfied with his love for reading.

B．Mark began to teach himself reading at the age of 3.

C．Many child geniuses are not good at communicating with others.

D．It is hard for parents to bring up a genius.

【小题3】If there are 6. 6 billion people in the world, the number of geniuses with an IQ of 200 will be________．

A．about 4,400

B．about 5,500

C．about 6,600

D．about 7,700

【小题4】What would be the best title for the passage?        

A．A genius' craziness for books

B．The life of the genius' parents

C．The burden of being gifted

D．The characteristics of Mark

Here are six steps to better studying.
Pay attention in class
Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Tell your teacher or parents about any problem that is preventing you from paying attention.
Take good notes
Write down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board. Try to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. It’s a good idea to keep your notes organized by subject.
Plan ahead for tests and projects
Waiting until Thursday night to study for Friday’s test will make it hard to do your best. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn’t happen is to plan ahead. Write down your test dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic.
Break it up
Ask for help
You can’t study effectively if you don’t understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help. If you’re at home when the confusion occurs, your morn or dad might be able to help.
Sleep tight
So the test is tomorrow and you’ve followed your study plan—but suddenly you can’t remember anything! Don’t panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you’ve given it. Try to get a good night’s sleep and you’ll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning.
【小题1】We know from the passage that a loud person is       .

A．a student who always answers questions loudly in class

B．someone who likes to talk with others in a loud voice

C．a student who likes speaking with others in class

D．a person who makes a lot of noise in public places

【小题2】According to the author, which of the following is an effective studying method?

A．Don’t try to review everything you have learned in one go.

B．Try to review what you’ve learned in one go.

C．To read all your notes the night before the test.

D．Try to remember everything on the first try.

【小题3】If you don’t understand what you have learnt, you can       .

A．read your notes over and over again

B．turn to people around you for help

C．put aside the material for later review

D．ask your teacher to explain it the next day

【小题4】By saying “Sleep tight”, what does the author mean?

A．Sleep again after waking up.	B．Sleep holding your breath deep.
C．Get a good night’s sleep.	D．Go to sleep early every night.

A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl -friend.
No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.
【小题1】The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ____.

A．repeated without any change	B．treated as a joke
C．made some changes by the parent	D．set in the present

【小题2】According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is ____.

A．in a realistic setting	B．heard for the first time
C．repeated too often	D．told in a different way

【小题3】The advantage claimed (提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ____.

A．makes them less fearful

B．develops their power of memory

C．makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of

D．encourages them not to have strange beliefs

【小题4】The author's mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ______.

A．fairy stories are still being made up

B．there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales

C．people try to modernize old fairy stories

D．there is more concern for children's fears nowadays

【小题5】One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that _______.

A．they are full of imagination

B．they just make up the stories which are far from the truth

C．they are not interesting

D．they make teachers of history difficult to teach

According to some researchers, you should not praise children for everything that they do. It does not help them build self-confidence.
Most parents and teachers agree that praise can help increase children’s self-confidence —the more, the better. However, according to some researchers, only proper praise is good for children. If adults praise everything children do, it makes children look for praise all the time, not trying to do their best. "Teachers should not say things like 'good job’ or 'nice work’ whenever a child does anything. They should encourage them to continue to improve," some researchers advise.
Another idea is that children with high self-confidence are happier, and do better at school. About this, Marshall Duke, a researcher in children, says, "High self-confidence brought in by too much praise does not make children happier, get more, or become able to do more. Finding a child’s advantages (强项) and developing them can help build confidence more than too much praise can." Praise also loses its effect (影响) if it is given equally to all students.
"It’s important to tell children the truth about what they’ve done. Honest feedback (反馈) is far better than empty praise," Duke adds. "People have got into the habit of not telling children when they’re wrong. That makes it hard for them to deal with difficulties when they grow up. That’s just how the world is."
【小题1】According to some researchers, if parents praise their children too much, their children will ______.

A．always look for praise	B．increase self-confidence
C．become strong	D．do better in their studies

【小题2】In order to help children build self-confidence, some researchers advise parents to ______.

A．make them live more happily	B．let them do more difficult work
C．help them do better in school	D．encourage them to improve

【小题3】Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?

A．The same praise for all children has no meaning

B．Children don’t know what they’re really good at.

C．Praise makes children become successful.

D．Duke thinks praise is more important than finding children’s strengths.

【小题4】What is the last paragraph about?

A．It’s important to have the habit of praising children.

B．Children should know their mistakes as soon as possible.

C．We should praise children honestly and tell them their mistakes.

D．What children with high self-confidence are like.

Boys’ schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music.
Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to(符合、顺应) a stereotype（老套）, a US study says.
Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the“boy code”of hiding their emotions to be a “real man”.
The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.
Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being faded by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.
The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.
But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys’ learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study’s author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.
Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with “boy-focused” approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision learned best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given “hands-on” lessons where they are allowed to walk around. “Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer the modern genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes.” James wrote.
Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be “masterful and in charge” in relationships. “ In mixed schools boys feel forced to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means.” the study reported.
【小题1】The author believes that a single-sex school would ____ .

A．force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men"

B．help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys

C．naturally strengthen the traditional image of a man in boys

D．encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

【小题2】It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____ .

A．behave more responsibly

B．grow up more healthily

C．perform relatively better

D．receive a better education

【小题3】What does Tony Little say about the British education system?

A．It fails more boys than girls academically.

B．It focuses more on mixed school education.

C．It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

D．It fails to give boys the attention they need.

【小题4】According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______.

A．boys can focus on their lessons without being disturbed

B．teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

C．boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

D．teaching can be designed to promote boys’ team spirit

【小题5】According to Abigail James’ report, it can be inferred that boys tend to _____________________.

A．have sharper vision.

B．conform to stereotypes.

C．enjoy being in charge.

D．be violent and sexist.

Skiping classes violates school rules and a poor attendance record will damage your final mark. But some college students still try every means to escape classes.   The number of these rebels may be much bigger than you think.  Three students from Anhui Normal University established Itaoke. Com in June. The website quickly attracted 2 000 registered members in three months. On the website, students share their experiences of skipping classes and even post ads to look for someone to stand in for them to attend courses.  Its embarrassing for universities to see this shameful behavior discussed:
However，it's good for schools and teachers to know via the website the reasons why students skip classes，according to Professor Xiao Haitao from Shenzhen University: Xao pointed out that some`students skip classes because of laziness.Others play truant because the teaching is truly dissatisfactory,“Universities can seek improvements to give a cure to the class-skipping problem，”said Xiao.
Chen Yang，21，thinks that he is  “forced" to skip some courses because of the poor teaching.  the  senior，majoring in English at Yangtze University, thinks that he's wasting time in the classroom when the teacher reads the textbook word for word or hands him outdated reading materials. He would rather skip classes to study in the library, watch online videos of Harvard or Yale lectures，or sit in on(旁听）other courses he is interested in. Chen draws a clear line between himself and those who skip classes in order to get more sleep or fool around on campus. He emphasized：“I skip classes with a clear goal，which is to probe into areas I'm interested in and broaden my horizons.”
Li Sicen，President of the National Taiwan University，seems to be on Chen's side.  Li claimed that he supported those students who skip classes for good reasons.
However，Professor Xiao warns students that Li is not giving permission for students to skip  classes. Xiao suggests that Li was just showing his understanding of truancy in a limited number of cases.
In Professor Pan Cuiqiong's opinion，students tend to jump to the conclusion that a certain course is boring and useless. "To clear students' misunderstanding，teachers should use materials closely related to students’lives and adapt interactive teaching methods，”said Pan.
Besides offering teachers more training，schools also need to give students different optional courses and ensure that they can attend the courses they are interested in，according to  Professor  Xiao.  Many Chinese students have the experience of being kicked out of an optional course because its size is limited. They are then forced to choose courses they dislike and are likely to skip them. We may learn from Sydney University in Australia.  There aren't any problems with numbers---if a course is popular then there will be more than one class per week.
【小题1】The underlined word“rebels" in Paragraph 1 refers to           

A．students who embarrass their universities

B．students who establish websites

C．students who skip classes

D．students who quarrel with their parents

【小题2】Chen Yang Skips some courses because_       ___.

A．his school is more student-centered

B．he wants to get more sleep

C．he wants to fool around on campus

D．the teaching style needs much improvement

【小题3】According to the passage，we learn that Professor Xiao__     __.

A．is giving permission for students to skip classes

B．thinks it's embarrassing for the three students to establish ltaoke. com

C．thinks the website will help to know why students skip classes

D．claimed that he supported those students who skip classes for good reasons

【小题4】Which of the following measures is NOT mentioned to stop students skipping classes?

A．Teachers should adopt practical materials and flexible teaching methods.

B．Schools should offer teachers more training:

C．Schools need to ensure that students can attend various courses they are interested in.

D．Students should be punished if they skip classes.