Experts say it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. “ Culture shock” is the term these experts use when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. There are three stages of culture shock, say the experts. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers begin to adjust to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more.
There are some obvious factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be different. The public service systems---the telephone, post office ,or transportation --may be difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be big problems. The language may be difficult.
Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their home countries and were successful in their community. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same established positions. They find themselves without a role, almost without an identity. They have to build a new self-image.
Culture shock causes a feeling of disorientation (迷惘）. This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create an escape inside their room for a sense of security. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience--these are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock.
【小题1】According to the passage, the more successful you are at home, _________________.

A．the fewer difficulties you may have abroad

B．the more difficulties you may have abroad

C．the more money you will earn abroad

D．the less homesick you will feel abroad

【小题2】.Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage?

A．“Culture shock” is a term used to describe the feelings that people experience in a new environment

B．In the second stage of “ Culture shock”, people may hate the life in the new environment

C．When you are homesick, you had better not stay at home all the time

D．Every one of us doesn’t feel culture shock in this way or that

【小题3】.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．Escape unfamiliar environment

B．The feeling of homesickness

C．The best way to overcome (克服、战胜）culture shock: get familiar with the new culture

D．Homesickness can solve the problem of culture shock

Young people can have problems with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates.
Liu Wei, a Junior 2 student from Hefei, could not understand his teacher and was doing badly in his lessons. He became so worried about it that he started to cut his finger with a knife. Another student, 14-year-old Yan Fang from Guangzhou, was afraid of exams. She got very worried in the test, and when she looked at the exam papers, she couldn’t think of anything to write.
A recent report from Jiefang Daily says about 18% of Shanghai teenagers have mental (精神上的，心理上的)problems. Their troubles include being worried and very unhappy, and having problems in learning and getting on well with people. Many students who have problems won’t go for advice or help. Some think they will look stupid if they go to see a doctor. Others don’t want to talk about their secret.
Liang Yuezhu, an expert on teenagers from Beijing Aiding Hospital has the following advice for teenagers.
1). Talk to your parents or teachers often.
2). Take part in group activities and play sports.
3). Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy or unwell.
【小题1】The students who often become worried or have trouble getting on well with others may have___________.

A．mental problems	B．a headache
C．knives with them	D．no parents

【小题2】. Liu Wei cut his finger with a knife because____________.

A．he was afraid of his teacher	B．he wanted to frighten his parents
C．he was so worried about his study	D．his finger was badly hurt

【小题3】 Yan Fang’s problems happened whenever ______________.

A．she studied very hard	B．she had exams
C．she talked with her parents	D．she thought of something

Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time – about eight hours after you wake up – your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern (模式). They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.
In many parts of the world, people take naps(小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer less from problems such as heart disease.
Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap – even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.
【小题1】Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?

A．They eat too much for lunch.

B．They sleep too little at night.

C．Their body temperature becomes lower.

D．The weather becomes a lot warmer.

【小题2】If you get up at 6:30 am, what is the best time for you to take a nap?

A．About 12:30 pm.	B．About 1:30 pm.
C．About 3:30 pm	D．About 2:30 pm

【小题3】What would be the best title for the text?

A．Just for a Rest	B．All for a Nap
C．A Special Sleep Pattern.	D．Taking Naps in Warmer Climate.

People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasics(失语症患者). Such patients can be extremely good at something else. From the changing expressions on speakers’ faces and the tones of their voices, they can tell lies from truths.
Doctors studying the human brain have given a number of examples of this amazing power of aphasics. Some have even compared this power to that of a dog with an ability to find out the drugs hidden in the baggage.
Recently, scientists carried out tests to see if all that was said about aphasics was true. They studied a mixed group of people. Some were normal; others were aphasics. It was proved that the aphasics were far ahead of the normal people in recognizing false speeches — in most cases, the normal people were fooled by words, but the aphasics were not.
Some years ago, Dr. Oliver Sacks wrote in his book about his experiences with aphasics. He mentioned a particular case in a hospital. Some aphasics were watching the president giving a speech on TV. Since the president had been an actor earlier, making a good speech was no problem for him. He was trying to put his feelings into every word of his speech.
But his way of speaking had the opposite effect on the patients. They didn’t seem to believe him. Instead, they burst into laughter. The aphasics knew that the president did not mean a word of what he was saying. He was lying!
Many doctors see aphasics as people who are not completely normal because they lack the ability to understand words. However, according to Dr. Sacks, they are more gifted than normal people. Normal people may get carried away by words. Aphasics seem to understand human expressions better, though they cannot understand words.
【小题1】What is so surprising about aphasics?

A．They can fool other people.

B．They can find out the hidden drugs.

C．They can tell whether people are lying.

D．They can understand language better.

【小题2】 How did the scientists study aphasics?

A．By asking them to watch TV together.

B．By comparing them with normal people.

C．By organizing them into acting groups.

D．By giving them chances to speak on TV.

【小题3】What do we learn from this text?

A．People poor at one thing can be good at another.

B．What one says reflects how one feels.

C．Aphasics have richer feelings than others.

D．Normal people often tell lies in their speeches.

Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to one's life. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.
But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures could be obtained, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33%—from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.
For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect work,” said Arnold E. Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve work.”
Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not grown-ups. “The literature,” says one researcher,  Dr Earnest Polite at the University of Texas, “is poor.”
【小题1】The main idea of the passage is that _______.

A．breakfast has nothing to do with people's health

B．a good breakfast used to be important to us

C．breakfast is not as important to us as gasoline to a car

D．breakfast is not as important as we thought before

【小题2】For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _______.

A．several studies have been done in the past few years

B．the omission of breakfast has little effect on one’s work

C．grown-ups have especially made studies in this field

D．eating little in the morning is good for health

【小题3】The underlined part “nor does giving people breakfast improve work” means  _______.

A．people without breakfast can improve their work

B．not giving people breakfast improves work

C．having breakfast does not improve work, either

D．people having breakfast do improve their work, too

【小题4】The word "literature" in the last sentence refers to _______.

A．stories, poems, play, etc

B．written works on a particular subject

C．newspaper articles

D．the modern literature of America

【小题5】What is implied but not stated by the author is that _______.

A．breakfast does not affect work

B．Dr Polite works at an institution of higher learning

C．not eating breakfast might affect the health of children

D．Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London

Thousands of people in the world are a hundred years old － or more and certain parts of the world are famous for the long lives of their inhabitants: the Vilacamba Valley in Ecuador, and the home of the Hunzas in the Himalayas.
Why do so many people live to a healthy old age in certain parts of the world? What is the secret of their long lives? Three things seem to be very important: fresh air, fresh food and a simple way of life. People work near their homes in the clean mountain air instead of traveling long distances to work by bus, car or train. They do not sit all day in busy offices or factories, but work hard outdoors in the fields. They take more exercise and eat less food than people in the cities of the West. For years the Hunzas of the Himalayas did not need policemen, lawyers or doctors. There was no crime, no divorce and not much illness in their society. They were a happy, peaceful people, famous all over India for their long, healthy lives.
Do you want to live to a hundred years old? Here are some rules for success. First, live in the right place. Second, choose the right kind of job. Doctors, dentists and bus－drivers die young. Farmers, priests and orchestral conductors live much longer. If you are in the wrong kind of job, you can still improve your way of life.
An old man in the Caucasus was talking about his past life. “I was young then，” he said, as he described his 87th year. His secret was: “Think young and stay young.” An old woman from Missouri, the USA, gave this advice, “Drink a little whisky and some warm beer every day.” An English lady just said, “Take a cold bath every morning.” The shortest, simplest piece of advice came from Mr Jim Chapman, aged 103. “Just keep breathing，” he told reporters.
【小题1】Who is most likely to live a long life?

A．A doctor.

B．A bus－driver.

C．A dentist.

D．An orchestral conductor.

【小题2】We can see from the passage that long－lived people avoid ______.

A．working hard

B．drinking

C．eating too much

D．taking cold baths

【小题3】 The passage indicates that we can change our ______ to live a long life.

A．jobs

B．places of living

C．ways of living

D．ways of thinking

【小题4】What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph?

A．Whose advice is the best.

B．Who is the most long－lived person in the world.

C．Lifestyles of long－lived people.

D．How long－lived people think of their life.

What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivate a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults，men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions（脑震荡）in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new MRI technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month，the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory，attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic（外伤的）brain injury” , like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported，even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a conc ussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
【小题1】The passage is most probably a _________________.

A．news report	B．research report
C．story for soccer players	D．text for doctors

【小题2】From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have  _________________.

A．significant effect on one’s brain

B．little effect on one’s brain

C．nothing to do with the brain injury

D．one’s memory improved

【小题3】What is likely to be the cause of memory loss?

A．Playing soccer frequently.	B．Tests of their memory.
C．White matter loss.	D．Information processing.

【小题4】The underlined word "fumbling" is closest in meaning to ________________.

A．remembering

B．misunderstanding

C．recalling

D．missing

Do you love the holidays, but hate gaining weight? You are not alone. Holidays are times for  celebrating. Many people are worried about their weight. With proper planning, though, it is possible to keep normal weight during the holidays. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy.
Here are some tips for preventing（阻止） weight gain and maintaining（维持） physical fitness: Don't skip meals. Before you leave home, have a small, low-fat meal or snack. This may help to avoid getting too excited before delicious foods.
Control the amount of food. Use a small plate (about 10 inches) and put aside the large ones that may encourage you to "load up". You should be most comfortable eating an amount of food about the size of your fist (拳头).
Begin with soup and fruit or vegetables. Fill up beforehand (预先) on water-based soup and raw fruit or vegetables. Or drink a large glass of water before you eat to help you to feel full.
Stick to physical activity. Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk helps to burn off excess calories.
Avoid(避免) high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy may have large amount of fat. Choose lean meat (瘦肉).Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. Use lemon juice instead of creamy food.
【小题1】Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．You should never eat delicious foods.

B．Drinking some water or soup before eating helps you to eat less.

C．Holidays are happy days but they may bring you weight problems.

D．Physical exercise can reduce the chance of putting on weight.

【小题2】Which of the following can NOT help people to lose weight according to the passage?

A．Eating lean meat.	B．Creamy food.
C．Eating raw fruit or vegetables.	D．Physical exercise.

【小题3】 In which section（专栏）of a newspaper can you find the passage?

A．Holidays and Festivals section	B．Health and Fitness section
C．Fashion section	D．Student Times Club section.

【小题4】What is the best title of the passage?

A．How to avoid holiday feasting and celebrating.

B．Do's and don'ts for keeping slim and fit.

C．How to avoid weight gain over holidays.

D．Wonderful holidays, boring weight.

Your body, which has close relation with the food you eat, is the most important thing you own. So it needs proper treatment and proper nourishment(营养).
The old saying “An apple a day keeps the doctor away” is not silly as some people think. The body needs fruit and vegetables because they contain vitamin C Many people take extra vitamins in the form of pills(药丸), believing that these will make them healthy. But a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all the vitamins you need. The body doesn’t need or use extra vitamins. So why waste money on them?
In the modern western world many people are too busy to care about eating properly. They throw anything into their stomachs, eating hurriedly and carelessly. The list of illness caused or made worse by bad eating habits is frightening.
【小题1】The old saying in the passage tells us that_______.

A．the apple is the best among all kinds of fruits.

B．apple can take the place of doctors.

C．eating apples regularly (有规律的) does lots of good to our health.

D．an apple is a sure cure for illness.

【小题2】In the second paragraph the writer tries to let us know______.

A．our bodies need food or we can’t live.

B．often eating apples is a good habit.

C．taking extra vitamin pills is completely useless.

D．a good diet is very important to our health.

【小题3】From the passage we can draw a conclusion that if we want to keep healthy, we should______.

A．only eat an apple a day.

B．eat properly.

C．take as many vitamins pills as possible.

D．throw food into our stomachs slowly and carefully.

Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains（大脑）too much.  It is not true.  Through many researches, scientists show us that the more you use your brains, the better they will be, and the wiser you will become.
Of course, if you want to keep your mind clear and be energetic（充满活力的）, you must take a proper rest and study properly.  To the teenagers, using their brains in the morning is good for their health.
There are many ways to rest.  One is a peaceful rest.  Sleep is a peaceful rest.  Another is an active rest.  For example, take a walk outdoors, do morning exercises every day.  To change the way of the brains’activities（活动）is also a good way to rest.
In everyday life, to eat some eggs, meat, fresh vegetable and fruit is also good for the brains.
Wish you a wise man and a happy life.
【小题1】If ________________ ,your mind will be clean?

A．You go swimming in a lake

B．You are active in learning

C．You have a good rest and study properly.

D．You can sing a song

【小题2】Which of the following statements is false?

A．Sleep is a kind of good rest.

B．Doing morning exercises is a peaceful rest.

C．Going out for a rest is an active rest.

D．Different activities are a good rest.

【小题3】Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Illness comes from the fact that the brains are used too much.

B．Fruits are the most important for the brains.

C．The brains will be better if they are used often.

D．Sleep is the only way of having a rest.

【小题4】Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage?

A．How to Use your Brain	B．How to Rest
C．How to Become a Wise Man	D．Keep Your Mind Clear