All over the world, and for many different reasons, there are millions of people who rarely or never eat meat. These people are called vegetarians. To people who eat meat, being a vegetarian may seem like a very strange thing, diets for several different reasons.
First, vegetarians have an enormous health advantage. One of the major health problems in modern societies is not too much protein but too much fat, especially in the form of animal fats. Medical evidence suggests that animal fats, including butter, contribute to the development of cholesterol in the human body. High amount of cholesterol seem to be part of the cause of heart disease. Most vegetarians have low level of cholesterol. High amounts of animal fats also seem to lead to certain kinds of cancer, and vegetarians are typically less vulnerable to these cancers than people who eat a lot of meat. Overall, studies comparing the health of vegetarians and meat-eaters show that the meat-eaters are twice as likely to die of heart disease as vegetarians are.
Better health is one reason that people choose to become vegetarians. Another reason is religion. Some religions forbid the eating of meat. The largest of these is the Hindu religion, which has about 600 million believers in the world. Although not all Hindus are vegetarian, many are, and there are many believers of other religions such Buddhism and even some Christian religions that also do not eat meat.
Many vegetarians do not eat meat simply because they do not like the taste of it. They have no religious or philosophical reasons; they just do not like meat. Another important reason that vegetarians give for not eating meat is the health advantages that were given above. Lastly, there are many people who do not eat meat because they just do not like the idea of killing animals for food. They believe that life, all life, is valuable , and that we do not have to destroy life to feed ourselves when there are other good sources of food.
【小题1】According to the passage, people choose to be vegetarians for the following reasons EXCEPT________.

A．they want to stay healthy

B．they are too kind to put the idea of killing animals

C．they live in areas where meat supply is not adequate

D．they should not eat meat due to their religious belief

【小题2】Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2 ?

A．Vegetarians enjoy a more healthy life than the meat eaters.

B．Heart disease and cancer are caused by large amounts of protein.

C．There are twice as many meat-eaters as vegetarians who die of cancer.

D．There are less health problems in modern society due to advanced medical care.

【小题3】What does “vulnerable” mean in Paragraph 2?

A．Having low level of cholesterol.

B．Having high level of cholesterol.

C．Having weak ability to resist diseases and harms.

D．Having strong ability to resist disease and harms.

【小题4】It can be inferred from the passage that __________.

A．being a vegetarian may be a very strange thing

B．vegetarians eat meat on some special occasions

C．all vegetarians have reasons for their not eating meat

D．most vegetarians believe that life without meat is happy.

Over the last 70 years, researchers have been studying happy and unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference. Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes. However, of all the factors, wealth and age are the top two.
Money can buy a degree of happiness. But once you can afford to feed, clothe and house yourself , each extra dollar makes less and less difference.
Researchers find that, on average, wealthier people are happier. But the link between money and happiness is complex. In the past half-century, average income has sharply increased in developed countries, yet happiness levels have remained almost the same. Once your basic needs are met, money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends, neighbors and colleagues.
“Dollars buy status, and status makes people feel better,” conclude some experts, which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways---scientists or actors, for example—may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.
In a research, Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires—not just for money, but for friends, family, job, health—rose furthest beyond what they already had, tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap. Indeed, the size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone. “The gap measures just blow away the only measures of income.” Says Michalos.
Another factor that has to do with happiness is age. Old age may not be so bad. “Given all the problems of aging, how could the elderly be more satisfied?” asks Professor Laura Carstensen.
In one survey, Carstensen interviewed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94, and asked them to fill out an emotions questionnaire. She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people, but negative emotions much less often.
Why are old people happier? Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it, or they’re more realistic about their goals, only setting ones that they know they can achieve. But Carstensen thinks that with time running out, older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don’t. “People realize not only what they have, but also that what they have cannot last forever,” she says. “A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85, for example, may bring far more complex emotional responses than a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20.
【小题1】According to the passage, the feeling of happiness ________.

A．is determined partly by genes	B．increases gradually with age
C．has little to do with wealth	D．is measured by desires

【小题2】Some actors would like to accept poorly-paid jobs because the jobs_____.

A．make them feel much better	B．provide chances to make friends
C．improve their social position	D．satisfy their professional interests

【小题3】Aged people are more likely to feel happy because they are more______.

A．optimistic

B．successful

C．practical

D．emotional

【小题4】Professor Alex Michalos found that people feel less happy if _______.

A．the gap between reality and desire is bigger

B．they have a stronger desire for friendship

C．their income is below their expectation

D．the hope for good health is greater

Fear can be a wonderful feeling in our lives, protecting us from dangerous situations and keeping us safe. But fear can also limit our lives significantly. While it may not be conscious, fear may make us think we are unacceptable or that what we have to offer isn’t valuable. Fear may make us feel that we are not safe being ourselves.
To avoid feeling fear, we may limit our lives greatly, living in tiny boxes. Living this way gives us the illusion(假象) of safety but leaves us with an unfulfilling life of no passion. If we shine a light on many of our fears, we see they have a very limited view of what is “safe” and how to “protect” us. Many of our fears are concerned only with protecting us from humiliation(羞辱) and failure. While these fears are doing their jobs incredibly well, they are doing so with faulty and outdated programming. Many fears we have as adults are trying to protect us as they protected us when we were children. Indeed, many of our current, automatic reactions to fear were actually formed when we were children.
Even so, it’s important not to judge ourselves for feeling these types of fears. If we judge ourselves, we will bury our fears or disguise them. By denying our fears, however, we also deny our energy, creativity and passion.
So what do we do with fear? We recognize the fear for what it is--- a feeling we’ve experienced many times in the past and a feeling we will experience many times in the future. We become very familiar with our own particular brand of fears and how we allow them to control our lives. It is especially beneficial for each of us to become aware of the particular behavior patterns we’ve adopted when we feel fear, so we can look at our reactions with a sense of humor and compassion. Then, if we wish, we can choose a different response, which can be a scary yet very exciting experience.
【小题1】According to the first paragraph, fear sometimes      .

A．protect us when we’ve made mistakes

B．makes sure our feelings are not hurt

C．brings great change to our everyday life

D．makes us lose confidence in ourselves

【小题2】It can be inferred from the passage that the author   .

A．thinks it difficult to control our fear

B．believes fears protect us negatively

C．thinks it’s good to criticize ourselves

D．values the advantages of feeling fear

【小题3】According to the author, the ways we react to fear      .

A．vary from person to person

B．have been formed since childhood

C．develop during our growth

D．will not change until we get old

【小题4】The last paragraph mainly tells us      .

A．what is the essence of fears

B．usual reactions we have when feeling fear

C．how to deal with fears reasonably

D．the importance of humor and compassion

【小题5】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Is fear managing your life?

B．Be calm when feeling fear

C．What do you fear most?

D．Passion, chance and fear

If you think American cooking means opening a package and throwing the contents into the microwave oven (微波炉), think again. On the one hand, it’s true that many Americans have cold cereal for breakfast, sandwiches for lunch and instant (方便的) dinners. From busy homemakers to working people, many Americans enjoy the convenience (方便) of fast food that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many Americans realize the importance of cooking skills. Parents — especially mothers — see the importance of training their children — especially daughters. Most Americans think that there’s nothing better than a good home-cooked meal. But with cooking, as with any other skill, good results don’t happen by accident.
Probably every cook has his or her own way of cooking. But there are some basic skills that most people follow. For example, baking is a main method (方法) of preparing food in America. For that reason, Americans would find it next to impossible to live without an oven. American cooks pay special attention to the balance of foods, too. In planning a big meal they try to include meat, a few vegetables, some bread and often a dessert. They also like to make sure the meal is colorful. Having several different colors of food on the plate usually makes for a healthy meal.
For those who need guidance in their cooking, or for those who have just run out of ideas, recipes are a great help. Recipes list all the ingredients for a dish (generally in the order used), the amount of each to use, and a description of how to put them together.
【小题1】This passage mainly tells us that ______.

A．Americans like to have several different colors of food on the plate

B．without an oven, Americans find it impossible to live conveniently

C．Americans pay special attention to recipes and nutritious meals

D．Americans usually have fast food, but they pay special attention to cooking as well

【小题2】Many Americans have cold cereal for breakfast, sandwiches for lunch and instant dinner because ______.

A．they like instant food very much

B．they don’t like cooking at all

C．most American working people are busy and don’t have time to cook

D．fast food is delicious and it usually contains a lot of vitamins

【小题3】By saying “But with cooking, as with any other skill, good results don’t happen by accident”, the author means ______.

A．good cooking doesn’t come easily; it needs a lot of practice

B．just like any other skill, cooking may bring good results

C．cooking comes from one’s gift, not through practice

D．cooking can lead to accidents

【小题4】From the passage, we know that ______.

A．Americans don’t care about food

B．Americans are not good at cooking because they like to use recipes

C．an oven plays an important role in cooking for Americans

D．while cooking, Americans usually run out of ideas

Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food ,get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition (营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”(燃料).Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein  ,like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals. However, don't overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little a amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality. Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.
Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span (寿命).Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.
If everybody were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.
【小题1】According to the passage,_______.

A．we should always keep fit

B．if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep

C．one can eat a lot to stay in good shape

D．one needn't take any exercise if he is healthy

【小题2】In order to keep good health, _______ .

A．we should eat a lot of sweets	B．one needs a large amount of fat
C．people should eat according to the foods nutrition	D．we must try to sleep now and then

【小题3】Eating more and sleeping less_______.

A．can keep healthy	B．is no good for you
C．gets you more energy	D．will keep your personality

【小题4】The writer explains ______in this passage.

A．how to eat	B．the importance of doing exercise
C．how to keep healthy	D．what to eat

Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer, saying studies showed a clear link. “Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake (吸入，摄入), through diet or a vitamin supplement,” Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.
Garland's research team reviewed 63 studies, including several large long-term ones, on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. “There's nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer,” he said, urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify (增强) foods with vitamin D. Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health. Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses, usually at around 100 international units（IU）a serving. “People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day” Garland said, adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.
The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas, which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.
“African Americans, who don't produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour, could also benefit significantly from a higher intake,” the authors said.
【小题1】According to the passage, people are advised to take more Vitamin D, because__.

A．it is nutritious	B．it can‘t harm people’s health
C．it can lower cancer risk	D．it is not taken enough every day

【小题2】Which of the following can not help people get more Vitamin D?

A．Have some sunshine	B．Have more meat
C．Have more fortified cheese	D．Have a vitamin supplement

【小题3】Which of the following food can lower people‘s chance of getting cancer?

A．Milk

B．Fortified orange juice

C．Fortified yogurt

D．All of the above

Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition (营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”. Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白质), like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins (维他命) and minerals. However, don't overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality (人的个性).Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.
Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span (寿命).Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.
If everybody, were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser. 
【小题1】According to the passage _________.

A．we should always keep fit

B．if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep

C．one can eat a lot to stay in good shape

D．one needn't take any exercise if he is healthy

【小题2】In order to keep good health, ___________ .

A．we should eat a lot of sweets

B．one needs a large amount of fat

C．people should eat according to the food’s nutrition

D．we must try to sleep now and then

【小题3】 Eating more and sleeping less________.

A．can keep healthy	B．is no good for you
C．gets you more energy	D．will keep your personality

【小题4】The writer explains ________in this passage.

A．how to eat

B．the importance of doing exercise

C．how to keep healthy

D．what to eat

【小题5】 The title of the article should be___________ .

A．Eating and Exercising	B．How Vitamins Work in Man's Body
C．Staying Healthy	D．Sleeping Well

Your smartphone can do a lot of things. It can call people. It connects to the Internet. It enables you to play fun games. But there is a dark side to this smart little equipment of yours----- it might also spread disease.
“People are just likely to get sick from their phones as from handles of the bathroom, ” Jeffrey Cain, the president of the American Academy of Family Physicians , told The Wall Street Journal.
This may be hard to believe, but scientists reached this conclusion after they tested eight cell phones from an office in Chicago. All the tested phones showed high numbers of coliforms (大肠菌), a kind of bacteria found in human waste , with about 2700 to 4200 units of the bacteria on each phone. The bacteria can cause flu, pinkeye and other diseases . That is right --- your phone is covered in our human waste.
Although computers, keys and pens carry germs (细菌) , our phones get far dirtier. They touch a lot of things, including our hands and the inside of our pocket or purse. We take them almost everywhere: the bus, the subway and who hasn’t played Angry Birds or Fruit Ninja while sitting on the toilet?
“Some things that we think are personal are actually more public than we imagine,” Cain said.  What is even worse is that after the phone returns from its dirty trip, it then spends most of its time cozying up to our faces. You don’t think about how often you touch your phone to your face, do you? Our noses, mouths and ears are all warm and rich in grease (油脂) , an environment that germs really like.
So how do you keep your phone clean? Alcohol is effective when used to kill germs from the back and side of your phone. But it might harm the screen. There is one simple and reliable way you can reduce the germs on your phone’s surface: wash your hands regularly.
【小题1】The underlined word “dark” in the first paragraph means _______

A．black

B．hopeless

C．unpleasant

D．unclear

【小题2】Which of the following best describe the tone of the third paragraph?

A．Terrified

B．concerned

C．Satisfying

D．Threatening

【小题3】 By saying “Some things we think are personal are actually more public than we imagine,” Cain means that ________.

A．people love to share their phones more than they realize

B．our personal items could be as risky to our health as public items

C．phones are used in public places more than people realize

D．Most people don’t know how dirty their cell phones are

【小题4】What is the article mainly about?

A．Tips on the use of phones

B．Health problems caused by the use of phones

C．The danger of coliforms infection

D．The influence that phone have on our life

Is there anything more important than health? I don’t think so. “Health is the greatest wealth，” wise people say. You can’t be good at your studies or work well when you are ill.
If you have a headache, toothache, backache, earache or bad pain in the stomach, if you complain of a bad cough, if you run a high temperature and have a bad cold, or if you suffer from high or low blood pressure, I think you should go to the doctor. The doctor will examine your throat, feel your pulse, test your blood pressure, take your temperature, sound your heart and lungs, test your eyes, check your teeth or have your chest X-rayed. After that, he will advise some treatment, or some medicine. The only thing you have to do is to follow his advice.    
Speaking about doctor’s advice, I can’t help telling you a funny story. An old gentleman came to see the doctor. The man was very ill. He told the doctor about his weakness, memory loss and serious problems with his heart and lungs. The doctor examined him and said there was no medicine for his disease. He told his patient to go to a quiet place for a month and have a good rest. He also advised him to eat a lot of meat, drink two glasses of red wine every day and take long walks. In other words, the doctor advised him to follow the rule: “Eat with pleasure, drink with pleasure and enjoy life as it is.” The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well again, he shouldn’t smoke more than one cigarette a day. A month later the gentleman came into the doctor’s office. He looked cheerful and happy. He thanked the doctor and said that he had never felt a healthier man.“ But you know, doctor,” he said, “it’s not easy to begin smoking at my age.”
【小题1】The writer thinks that_____.

A．health is more important than wealth

B．work is as important as studies

C．medicine is more important than pleasure

D．nothing is more important than money

【小题2】The doctor usually tells his patient what to do______.

A．without examining the patient	B．after he has examined the patient
C．if the patient doesn’t take medicine	D．unless the patient feels pain

【小题3】The underlined part means “______”.

A．he was feeling better than ever	B．he wasn’t a healthy man
C．he was feeling worse than before	D．he will be well again

【小题4】From the last sentence of the passage, we learn the man_______ before the doctor told him not to smoke more than one cigarette a day.

A．was a heavy smoker	B．didn’t smoke so much
C．didn’t smoke	D．began to learn to smoke

【小题5】Which of the following is NOT true?

A．The doctor usually tests his/her blood pressure when a person is ill.

B．The man told the doctor he couldn’t remember things.

C．The man thanked the doctor.

D．The man didn’t follow the doctor’s advice.

Below is some advice on how to prevent cancer:
8 Ways to Avoid Cancer in Your Life
1. Eat Blueberries
Aside from being a healthy and delicious snack, blueberries contain pterostilbene, which has important colon（结肠） cancer-fighting prosperities. But wait, it gets better. Blueberries also offer a large dose of vitamins C (14 milligrams per cup). So at breakfast, try to take in a cup and a half of blueberries in your cereal or yogurt, or mixed with other berries.
2. Drink Pomegranate（石榴）Juice
The deep red juice of the pomegranate contains polyphenols, isoflavones and ellagic acid, which together create a powerful anticancer mixture. Most recently, researchers from the University of Wisconsin at Madison has discovered that 16 ounces of pomegranate juice per day also may inhibit the growth of lung cancer.
3. Relax
Feeling stressed or worried? Find ways to relax and you may reduce your chances of developing cancer. Purdue University researchers tracked 1,600 men over 12 years and found that half of those with high levels of worry died during the study period. Only 20 percent of the optimists died before the study were completed, while 34 percent of the extremely anxious men died of some type of cancer. Instead of stressing about the past or future, focus on the present and relax!
4. Take Selenium（硒）
Selenium is well known for its cancer-fighting properties. In a study of almost 1,000 men, researchers from the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that when men with the lowest initial levels of selenium in their bodies received a daily supplement over a 4 year period, they cut their prostate（前列腺） cancer risk by a remarkable 92 percent. However, it is possible to get too much of a good thing, so monitor your intake of selenium-containing supplements, Brazil nuts, tuna, meats and grains carefully.
5. Eat Sushi（寿司）
Seaweed may not be your idea of a great snack, but it is high in fiber, calcium and iron, and dry, roasted seaweed sheets used in sushi provide the additional benefits of vitamins A and C. Sushi rolls are also high in protein— a typical spicy tuna roll has only 290 calories but packs 24 grams of protein. So don’t skimp（节省）on the Sushi!
6. Enjoy the Outdoors
Vitamin D causes early death of cancer cells. A study published in the American Journey of Clinical Nutrition reported that women who supplemented their diets with 1,000 international. Units of vitamin D every day had a 60 percent to 77 percent lower incidence of cancer ever a four-year period that did women taking a placebo(无效对照剂). Experts recommend supplementing your fun in the sun with 1,100 to 2,000IU of vitamin D each day.
7. Breathe Clean Air
There’s no question that secondhand smoke kills. A recent American Journal of Public Health study showed that nonsmokers working in smoky places had three times the amount of carcinogen（致癌物质） in their urine（尿） than nonsmokers working in smoke-free locations. What’s worse, their levels of the carcinogen rose 6 percent for every hour worked. Nine states have banned smoking in all workplaces, bars and restaurants. The message is clear: Do whatever you can to avoid the cloud of smoke.
8. Break a Sweat
Even a small amount of exercise can offer major cancer-fighting benefits. In a study of 29,110 men published in the International Journal of Cancer, men who exercised just once a week had a percent lower risk of metastasis(转移性) prostate cancer than men who didn’t work out at all. The better the frequency, duration and intensity of the exercise, the bigger the reduction in risk, according to the study.
【小题1】To prevent yourself from catching colon cancer, you should eat ____ as often as possible.

A．sushi

B．blueberries

C．pomegranates

D．Vitamin D

【小题2】 A person is very likely to catch some type of cancer if ______.

A．he is very fond of exercise every day.

B．he is addicted to smoking

C．he is always feeling extremely stressed or worried

D．he likes to have meals in restaurants

【小题3】 _____ will remarkably reduce the risk of men’s prostate cancer.

A．Having a daily supplement of selenium

B．Drinking a cup of pomegranate juice every day

C．Breathing fresh air now and then

D．Taking exercise at least once a week

【小题4】If you want to keep cancer away, it is particularly important to ______.

A．have a daily supplement of vitamins B and C

B．try to ignore the secondhand smoking

C．take in as many selenium-containing supplements as possible

D．having exercise as often as possible