B

Evening Workshops

Optional evening workshops will be held at small restaurants or other meeting places near the conference hotel. Meals and other costs are not included but are also optional. Locations will be announced at the conference site. Workshops are very loosely organized and most represent discussions that have been held at Society for Economic Botany (SEB) meetings over a series of years.

Workshop 1: Student Network

Date????????????? Wednesday evening, Feb. 5th

Chairs????????????? Hugo de Boer and Arika Virapongse

Sponsor????????????? Society for Economic Botany

Description????????????? Student members of the SEB hold a networking mixer each year in order to meet each other and to become familiar with a variety of educational programs and faculty advisors(大学指导老师). Faculty members who are part of training programs are encouraged to join the mixer to meet and talk with students.

Workshop 2: Botanical Film Making

Date ????????????? Wednesday evening, Feb. 5th

Chair ????????????? David Strauch

Sponsor ????????????? University of Hawaii

Description ????????????? Digital film making is a particularly useful tool of linking cultural information to recognizable plants. This workshop is aimed towards increasing the quality of material recorded by giving participants greater control over the medium. We will cover technical aspects (e.g. camera settings, audio), technical aspects (framing, lighting, focus), and some ways of presenting the material. Experienced filmmakers are encouraged to attend, and participants are welcome to bring their own camera equipment.

Workshop 3: Collections for Botany

— Collections Development and Management

Date????????????? Friday evening, Feb. 7th

Chair????????????? Jan Salick

Sponsor????????????? Society for Economic Botany

Description????????????? SEB is a network of researchers who have been developing standards for the development of collections of artifacts, plant samples and related materials. Participants discuss successes, problems, and funding sources for solving management issues.

1.One of the purposes of a networking mixer held each year is to ________.

A. provide students with greater control over the media

B. link cultural information to recognizable plants

C. help the students to deal with most of the environment issues

D. help the students to be familiar with educational programs

2.Which of the following is true according to the poster?

A. Evening workshops will be held at small restaurants with meals included.

B. Participants have more than one option on Feb.5th than another night.

C. Workshops have nothing to do with the discussions held at SEB meetings.?

D. Faculty advisers can join the mixer without training experience.

3.You are a college student, interested in plants and good at taking TV pictures. Which of the Evening Workshops is most suitable for you?

A. Botanical Film Making.????????????? ????????????? B. Collections for Botany.

C. Student Network.????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. Society for Economic Botany.

The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆).

????????????? Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgate’s owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didn’t have to be imported.

????????????? The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.

????????????? During summer’s cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents.

????????????? This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature changes—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night. “You couldn’t do this in New York, with its hot summers and cold winters,” Pearce said.

????????????? The engineering firm of Ove Arup&Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃, with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh—far more so than in air-conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the air is recycled.

1.Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building??

A. It was designed in a smaller size.

B. No air conditioners were fixed in.

C. Its heating system was less advanced.

D. It used rather different building materials.

2.What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?

A. Fresh air from outside.????????????? ????????????? B. Heat in the building.????????????? ?????????????

C. Hollow space.????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. Baseboard vent.

3.Why would a building like Eastgate Not work efficiently in New York?

A. New York has less clear skies as Harare.

B. Its dampness affects the circulation of air.

C. New York covers a larger area than Harare.

D. Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.

4.The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgate’s temperature control system_____.

A. allows a wide range of temperatures

B. functions well for most of the year

C. can recycle up to 30% of the air

D. works better in hot seasons

Men are spending more and more time in the kitchen encouraged by celebrity (名人) chefs like Gordon Ramsay and Jamie Oliver, according to a report from Oxford University.

 ??? The effect of the celebrity role models, who have given cooking a more manly picture, has combined with a more general drive towards sexual equality and men now spend more than twice the amount of time preparing meals than they did in 1961.

According to the research by Prof. Jonatahn Gershuny, who runs the Centre for Time Research at Oxford, men now spend more than half an hour a day cooking, up from just 12 minutes a day in 1961.

Prof. Gershuny said, “The man in the kitchen is part of a much wider social trend. There has been 40 years of sexual equality, but there is another 40 years probably to come.”

Women, who a generation ago spent nearly two hours a day cooking, now spend just one hour and seven minutes—a great fall, but they still spend far more time in the kitchen than men.

Some experts have named these men in aprons as “Gastrosexuals (men using cooking skills to impress friends)”, who have been inspired to pick up a kitchen knife by the success of Ramsay, Oliver as well as other male celebrity chefs such as Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, Marco Pierre White and Keith Floyd.

 ??? “I was married in 1974. When my father came to visit me a few weeks later, I was wearing an apron when I opened the door. He laughed,” said Prof. Gershuny. “That would never happen now.”

Two-thirds of adults say that they come together to share at least three times a week, even if it is not necessarily around a kitchen or dining room table. Prof. Gershuny pointed out that the family meal was now rarely eaten by all of its members around a table—with many “family meals” in fact taken on the sofa in the sitting room, and shared by family members. “The family meal has changed a lot, and few of us eat—as I did when I was a child—at least two meals a day together as a family. But it has survived in a different format.”?

1.What is one reason behind the trend that men spend more time cooking than before?

A. The improvement of cooks’ status.

B. The influence of popular female chefs.

C. The change of female’s view on cooking.

D. The development of sexual equality campaign.

2.What does the author think about the time men and women spend on cooking?

A. Men spend more time cooking than women nowadays.

B. Women spend much less time on cooking than before.

C. It will take 40 years before men spend more time at the stove than women.

D. There is a sharp decline in the time men spend on cooking compared with 1961.

3.How did Prof. Gershuny see the family meal according to the passage?

A. It has become a thing of the past.

B. It is very different from what it used to be.

C. It shouldn’t be advocated in modern times.

D. It is beneficial to the stability of the family.

4.Which is the best title for the passage?

A. The Changes of Family Meals

B. Equality between Men and Women

C. Cooking into a New Trend for Men

D. Cooking—a Thing of the Past for Women

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well.? 1.? However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog's life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence.

Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. 2.? They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.

? 3.? This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.

? 4.? People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.

Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. ? 5. ?

A. Still, people say every dog has its day.

B. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.

C. Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways.

D. Dogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people.

E. There are many other expressions waiting for you to explore.

F. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs.

G. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care.

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Every fast-food employee knows that the drive-through window is the worst position. The window sticks with constant ice; the roar of engines hurts your ? ; your words are lost in the howling wind.

On a ? ? ? afternoon, everything changed.

Every once in a while, the sub-zero temperatures seal a ? ? ? windows shut. Drivers don’t exactly enjoy having to stand outside in the cold,? ? ? their orders into a speaker box, when they expect to drive through on their heated leather seats. In such cases, most customers tend to show their annoyance to the employees.

This woman was ? ? ? .

“I’ll get the next car’s ? ? ? as well,” she said as she came up to the window to pay. She stood outside, ? ? ? much snow on her hair. Though she was obviously freezing, her bright ? ? ? lit up her face like a fire.

“You can’t ? ? ? their drinks,” I said, confused and tired.

“No, but I’ll buy them,” she said. “Pay it forward and all that.”

Completely puzzled, I charged her as ? ? ? , and when the next customer arrived at the window I explained what had just happened. I watched as his ? ? ?? changed — first angry to be out in the cold, then? ? ? ? at the random act of kindness, and finally, delighted by his? ? ? .

“I suppose I’ll pay for the next order then,” he replied, nodding and waving at the impatient driver ? ? him. He ? ? ? over the cash and received his pre-paid hot drink.

The trend continued. Customers arrived annoyed, only to leave ? ? ? and pleased. Some were shocked to spend much more than they had expected, ? ? ? others ended up receiving their order for less than half the price.

Five vehicles passed, then ten, then twenty. No one refused to pay. Customers stood at my window ?? ? ?? a fist-full of change to buy drinks for a complete stranger. Cars drove off, honking (鸣笛) and ?? ? ?? their thanks.

It only takes one customer, one person, to change the entire ? ? ? of traffic. It only takes one moment, one smile, to warm up even the coldest of days.

1.A. ears????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. hands????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. feet????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. back

2.A. freezing????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. sunny????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. warm????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. usual

3.A. truck’s????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. vehicle’s????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. car’s????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. lorry’s

4.A. offering????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. throwing????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. screaming????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. cancelling

5.A. polite????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. angry????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. popular????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. different

6.A. number????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. coffee????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. fee????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. order

7.A. covering????????????? ????????????? B. increasing????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. gathering????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. falling

8.A. eyes????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. smile????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. hair????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. annoyance

9.A. pay????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. take????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. buy????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. bring

10.A. instructed????????????? ????????????? B. requested????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. directed????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. suggested

11.A. gesture????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. expression????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. figure????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. feeling

12.A. inspired????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. upset????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. surprised????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. disappointed

13.A. turn????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. sense????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. deed????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. luck

14.A. beyond????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. before????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. beside????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. behind

15.A. took????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. looked????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. handed????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. thought

16.A. shy????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. calm????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. anxious????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. regretful

17.A. while????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. since????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. as????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. unless

18.A. making????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. emptying????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. lying????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. holding

19.A. explaining????????????? ????????????? B. sending????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. introducing????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. casting

20.A. jam????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B. row????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? C. flow????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. line

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?

The answer depends largely ?? 1.?? cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color ?? 2.?? represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. During the Spring Festival in China, children ?? 3.?? (give) money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect ?? 4.?? against evils（灾祸）.

People’s ?? 5.?? (choose) of colors is also influenced by their bodies’ reactions toward them. Green is said to be ?? 6.?? most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally ?? 7.?? physically. People ?? 8.? (work) in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.

Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites（食欲）. Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. And many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that ?? 9.?? (easy) catches a person’s eye.

Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue is believed to cause people to lose appetite. So ?? 10.?? you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改： 在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

How can a person recover from emotional problems? A popular opinion suggests that he watches humorous films. And a recent study proves this to be wrong. The study also shows that watching? at sad films can make getting over a negative mood a easier job. Emotional experiences is important to people’s well-being. People are less likely to share their feelings with these who have had similar experiences. Similar, people prefer movies that reflect their mood. That’s the reason? a sad film can contribute to comfort a sad person more than a pleasant one.

假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英文写一篇周记, 记述你和父母一起为爷爷过生日的过程。

注意：1．周记的开头已为你写好。2．词数不少于100。

Last Saturday was my grandfather’s birthday._________________________________

__________________________________________

Taking exams in a large group setting can be stressful for students and for the staff members who are watching over them. When classrooms are crowded and desks are close together, cheating might be tempting.

? One university in Thailand came up with an anti-cheating hat that makes it almost impossible for students to see other students’ papers. A photo of the students wearing the anti-cheating hats made its way to the Internet, and the university was criticized for making students wear those ridiculous looking homemade hats. The hats were made by stapling two pieces of paper onto a headband, one to each side of the head.

? After being criticized, senior academic staff at Kasetsart University in Bangkok, Thailand, released a statement saying that the hats idea came from students. They said that in a bid to prevent cheating they asked the students for ideas on how to prevent cheating in the upcoming exam, which was being taken by almost one hundred students. Students came up with different ideas, and then the paper hat idea was selected by them as the most fit. The university claims that no one was forced to use the hat, but they all chose to do so. “When wearing the hat during the exam, students felt more relaxed,” Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai, a lecturer at the university said. “It was not meant to indicate that Kasetsart students often cheat on exams. I apologize if the photo makes other people look at my students in a negative way,” Rungruangkitkrai added.

1.Why was the university criticized on the Internet?

A. Wearing the anti-cheating hat made students look ridiculous.

B. The homemade anti-cheating hat looked too simple.

C. Wearing the anti-cheating hats couldn’t prevent students from cheating in the exam.

D. The university forced students to wear the anti-cheating hat.

2.What’s most of the Kasetsart University students’ attitude towards the cheating hat?

A. Skeptical???????? B. Supportive????? C. Objective?????? D. Negative

3.It can be inferred from the passage that_______

A. it’s useless wearing the anti-cheating hat in the exam.

B. Kasetsart students are often caught cheating in the exam.

C. wearing the anti-cheating hat is effective to some degree.

D. some students are forced to wear the anti-cheating hat.

Italy is one country where beauty is prized more than any other virtue. That is, except in the small town of Piobbico, the self-declared World Capital of Ugly People. The road sign at the edge of the town even warns visitors that they are entering the ugly zone. People who consider themselves ugly have been gathering in Piobbico since the 1960s. That’s when Ugly Club president Telesforo Lacobelli established a dating agency for women who believed they were too ugly to attract husbands. Lacobelli believes that he is ugly himself because he has a short nose in a country where long or large noses have always been considered beautiful.

? People from around the world travel to Piobbico to tell their sad stories of ugliness. During the annual Festival of the Ugly, which occurs on the first Sunday of every September, hundreds of people gather in Piobbico’s town square to elect the president of the Ugly Club. Lacobelli wins the election every year. The Ugly Club has over 20, 000 members. They carry ID cards that grade their ugliness from bearable to extreme. A prize is awarded to Ugly Club members who qualify as extremely ugly.

? The Ugly Club president insists that ugliness is a virtue. Since beautiful people get a lot of attention for their beauty alone, they have to work hard to prove their other virtues. Ugly people, on the other hand, are genuine and do not have to prove anything to anybody, according to Lacobelli.

? Lacobelli is a spokesperson for ugly people everywhere. He believes that the uglier one is, the better life can be. Though the club enjoys making fun of beauty, especially beauty contests, Lacobelli has a serious side as well. He believes that too many people suffer from financial and emotional pressures because they don’t meet society’s standards of beauty. The fact that beautiful people are more successful in the workforce is a problem that Lacobelli has attempted to bring forward to the Italian public and government.

1.Piobbico is rather special in that????? .

A. it is a very small town?????? B. it is home to ugly people

C. it receives no visitors?????? D. it is the capital of Italy

2.Why is Lacobelli elected the president of the Ugly Club every year?

A. Because he is the ugliest person in the whole world.

B. Because his ugliness is always graded as bearable.

C. Because he is a spokesperson for ugly people everywhere.

D. Because he has won the members’ trust and admiration.

3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Ugly people are most respected in Italy.

B. The Festival of the Ugly is held every two years.

C. Ugly people are unfairly treated in society.

D. The uglier one is, the better life he or she lives.

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. The Ugly Capital of the World????? B. The Ugliest Person of the World

C. Festival of the Ugly????? D. Beauty Contests Should be Banned