假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

    增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

    删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

     2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

One day I pushed my cousin Li Dong in wheelchair on an especial narrow sidewalk. We struggled along with one wheel on the sidewalk or the other on the road. Suddenly, a man riding his motorcycle past us rapidly, missing Li Dong by several inch. Immediately, he turned round, stopped his motorcycle and came over. We were worried she would blame us for have stood in his way. To our surprise, he said nothing at all and helped out push the wheelchair until we reached a slightly wider sidewalk. Then he left after we could say thanks to him. We were leaving ashamed of what we thought.

 假如你是李华，最近你在浏览一个新西兰中学网站时，看到一位名叫Tom的中学生的留言，他计划在暑假期间到中国的北京旅游，希望能有一名中国留学生做他的导游。你对此很感兴趣，请根据以下要点提示写一封e-mail给他，介绍你的相关情况。

  主要内容包括 ：

1．希望做他的导游；               2．打算如何给他做导游；               3．期盼他的回复。

  注意：

1. 词数100左右；           2. 可适当增加情节，以使行文连贯；3. 信的开头已为你写好。

Dear Tom,

  Recently, while browsing a senior high school website of New Zealand, I saw the message you posted on it.

_________________________________________________________________________________      ___

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________.

Yours sincerely,

                                                                       Li Hua

I grew up in a tiny Baltimore row house in a faraway mountain area. My parents ______ the necessities of life but they couldn’t give much more. If I asked my father for a pair of jeans, he would say, “ If you want them, make the money and buy them yourself.” He wasn’t being mean; he just couldn’t ______ them. From age 12 on, I did part-time jobs after school.

When I ______ from high school, I joined the navy. Soon I was in a boot camp(新兵训练营) at Parris Island, S.C., where I learned that life in the navy centered around completing daily ______. These could be anything from cleaning the camp to conducting mock(模拟的) battles. Completing these tasks successfully ______ discipline, team-work and responsibility. It didn’t ______ whether you were black, white or Asian; everyone worked together for the ______ of the company.

I went on to graduate from the U.S. Naval Academic and later became an officer in the navy. The part of my job I ______ most was the consulting(咨询) meetings I ______ with the family members of the men and women in my ______, trying to help them deal with the long periods of ______. These proved popular and word of them spread. Before long I was being asked to give encouraging ______ to business groups, educators and kids across the country.

But I consider the boot camp my first real ______, and my life is still guided by the ______ lessons I learned there. It taught me discipline, friendship and the pride related to setting a task every day and working hard to ______ it.

1.A. provided         B. got       C. made       D. bought

2.A. pay            B. find          C. produce          D. afford

3.A. came          B. returned       C. escaped          D. graduated

4.A. drills          B. tasks          C. exercises         D. reports

5.A. included       B. asked          C. required         D. met

6.A. matter         B. mean          C. exist            D. work

7.A. good          B. staff           C. rest             D. right

8.A. took          B. hated           C. enjoyed          D. did

9.A. ended         B. began          C. continued        D. held

10.A. charge        B. situation        C. position         D. choice

11.A. lessons        B. meetings       C. training          D. separation

12.A. gifts          B. descriptions     C. speeches        D. performances

13.A. vacation       B. place          C. job             D. travel

14.A. important      B. bitter          C. normal          D. difficult

15.A. gain          B. achieve         C. show           D. match

Dear fellow students,

May I have your attention, please?  Now I’d like to make a speech here.  As we know, waste ___1.___ (become) common scenes on campus. Some pour the remains of a meal when there is still much ___2.___(leave);  ___3.___ simply walk away after washing hands, leaving the water ___4.___ (run); students leave the classroom every day ___5.___ noticing whether fans are switched off. Has thrift(节俭)，one of the most national tradition ___6.___ developed from our long history gone? ___7.___ so, find it back!

  We don’t have to take great pains to control waste, but action and a grateful heart are needed; thank the water that runs through our fingers, and save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water ___8.___ (short); thank the light we enjoy because in poor areas, children share a dim(昏暗的) lamp ___9.___ (read); thank all the paper we are able to use, for trees are cut down to satisfy ___10.___ needs; thank everything nature can offer and everything we can own.

  Live and act, so the tradition of thrift will never fade.

Having spent two and a half years in China over several visits, I don’t remember ever going through a phase we in the United States call “cultural shock”. This period of difficulty in adjusting to a new culture would probably have set in during my semester at Peking University. Of course, this is not to say that I didn’t notice any differences between the American and Chinese cultures upon my arrival at Peking University, I did notice the differences. Looking back, I remember one of the first differences I noticed: Chinese universities are surrounded by walls.

    To an American, this is one of the most striking aspects of a Chinese university which immediately sets it apart from an American campus. Having grown up in the United States, I had never seen a university surrounded by high, cement(水泥) walls. My idea of a university, based on having seen scores of them in different states of the U.S., was a place of life and learning, an inseparable part of the community in which it was located, open not only to the students of the school itself, but also fully accessible to students from other schools and to the broader public.

    My idea of a university was that it was a center of cultural life, a resource for the entire community. In all my twenty-one years, it had never occurred to me that a school would have a wall around it. Walls enclose and separate; schools expand and integrate(合并). The very idea seemed fundamentally incompatible. I asked a Chinese friend if all Chinese universities have walls around them. “You know, I have never really thought about it. I guess so. I guess all Chinese schools have walls around them, not just universities.” “Why?” I asked, “What’s the point?” “I don’t know. To protect us, I suppose.”  “From whom?” “I don’t know. Don’t you have walls around your schools in the United States?” I thought carefully before answering. “No, I’ve never seen or heard of a university encircled by a wall.” My Chinese friend seemed puzzled. Walls around schools came to strike me as more than just an architectural difference between the United States and China. As China continues to open up to the outside world, these walls seem increasingly out of place.

1.The author felt strange about Chinese culture when he ___________.

A. studied in Peking University            

B. talked with his friends about the walls

C. experienced the “cultural shock” at his arrival

D. spent two and a half years in China over several visits

2.In the author’s opinion, a university is a place ___________.

A. where only students can come to study   

B. which is similar everywhere in the world

C. that should be surrounded by high cement walls             

D. that is an inseparable part of and a resource for the community

3.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean?

A. The two ideas are fundamental.        

B. The two ideas are basically different.

C. The two ideas about “school” and “wall” are suitable.

D. The two ideas about “school” and “wall” are conflicting.

4.What did the author’s friend feel about the walls around universities?

A. He thought it a good idea to have walls encircling schools.

B. He was shocked that American universities are not enclosed.

C. He thought they were necessary to protect students from being hurt.

D. He thought the difference between two countries is only architectural styles.

5.We can infer from the passage that the author thinks _____________.

A. walls are really useful in the universities

B. he can never really understand the Chinese culture

C. Chinese universities should work as public scenic spots

D. walls around the universities are inappropriate in an open China

A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.

Because no light can get out, people can’t see black holes. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently from other ones.

Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or “staff”, in an object.

Another kind of black hole is called “stellar”(星球黑洞). Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many stellar mass black holes in Earth’s galaxy. Earth’s galaxy is called the Milky Way.

The largest black holes are called “supermassive”(超大质量黑洞). These black holes have masses that are more than one million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.

Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began. Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or falls apart. When this happens, it exploded part of the star into space. Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.

A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting a black hole.

When a black hole and a star are close together, high-energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light.

1.The gravity of a black hole may become so strong that light cannot get out when ____________.

A. the star is going to die          

B. special tools are used on it

C. other stars come close to it      

D. it is seen from the space telescopes

2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. A black hole can be very tiny but extremely heavy.

B. The gravity of a black hole holds all light in its center.

C. Scientists observe high-energy light through their own eyes.

D. Some small black holes came into being as early as the universe.

3.The underlined word “galaxy” in Paragraph 5 means __________.

A. a black hole                       B. the Milky Way

C. a series of stars                    D. a planet near the earth

4.What does the last sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest?

A. Neither the sun nor the earth is as heavy as a black hole.

B. There is a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.

C. The supermassive black hole had existed before the Milky Way was formed.

D. There is a reason why the large black holes are called “supermassive”.

5.The last two paragraph mainly focus on the question of _________.

A. what a black hole is        

B. how black holes form

C. how big black holes are    

D. how scientists know about black holes

The computer keyboard helped kill shorthand—a system of rapid handwriting, and now it’s threatening to finish off handwriting as a whole. When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of 2012, just 15% of the most1.5 million students wrote their answers in cursive(草写字母). The rest? Block letters.

And those college hopefuls are just the first edge of a wave of US students who no longer get much handwriting instructions in the primary grades, frequently 10 minutes a day or less. As a result, more and more students struggle to read and write cursive.

At Keene Mill Elementary School in Springfield, all their poems and stories are typed. Children in Fairfax County schools are taught keyboarding beginning in kindergarten. Older students who never mastered handwriting say it doesn’t affect their grades.

There are those who say the culture is at a crossing, turning from the written word to the typed one. If handwriting becomes a lost form of communication, does it matter?

It was at University Virginia that researchers recently discovered a previously unknown poem by Robert, written in his unique script. Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historians say, because their authenticity(真实性) can be confirmed. Students also find them more fascinating.

The loss of handwriting also may be  a cognitive(认知的) opportunity missed. Several academic studies have found that good handwriting skills at a young age can help children express their thoughts better—a lifelong benefit.

It doesn’t take much to teach better handwriting skills. At some schools in Prince George’s County, elementary school students use a program called Handwriting Without Tears for 15 minutes a day. They learn the correct formation of manuscript letters through second grade, and cursive letters in third grade.

There are always going to be some kids who struggle with handwriting because of their particular neurological(神经系统的) writing, learning issues or poor motor skills. Educators often point to this factor in support of keyboarding.

1.What is the author concerned about after 2012 Sat exams?

A. Keyboarding.      B. Shorthand.      C. Handwriting.     D. Block letters.

2.A poem by Robert mentioned in the passage is used to ____________.

A. prove how valuable handwriting is          

B. explain what a famous poet he is

C. show how unique his poem is        

D. stress how fascinating the documents are

3.The example of Handwriting Without Tears helps to argue that _____________. 

A. the schools are responsible for the loss of handwriting

B. the loss of handwriting is a cognitive opportunity missed

C. it doesn’t take much to teach better handwriting skills

D. the culture is turning from the written word to the typed one

4.According to the author, when is a perfect time to learn handwriting?

A. Kindergarten.                 B. Primary school.       

C. High school.                  D. College.

5.What is the author’s attitude towards this debate? 

A. Devotion.       B. Encouragement.        C. Critical.        D. Objective. 

Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some forms—football, basketball, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering.

Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.

   Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as others, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.

If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.

The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.

A mountain climber continues to improve in skills year by year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty. But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they perhaps climb with more skills and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

1.What sports are popular among people in winter in the passage?

A. Soccer and golf.              B. Skiing and skating.   

C. Cycling and hockey.           D. Mountaineering.

2.The underlined word “passion” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ______.

A. strong emotion               B. good way  

C. better feeling                 D. enough affection

3.Mountaineering is a sport, not a game because_______.

A. it has man-made rules               

B. it is too dangerous for climbers

C. it can’t bring people joy or leisure    

D. it is free for climbers to use their own methods

4.We know from the passage that _______.

A. mountaineering has no appeal for people 

B. physical quality is more important than mental one for climbers

C. a mountain climber passes his best by the age of thirty

D. it is possible for an old man of fifty or sixty to climb the Alps

5.What is the best title for the passage?

A. Sports in winter             B. Team work in climbing

C. Mountaineering                 D. The quality for mountaineering

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。把答案填涂在答题卡上相应的题号的答案标号上，如答案是E把AB同时一起涂黑，如答案是F把 CD同时一起涂黑。

首先请阅读下列六种家用电器的介绍：

A. Morphy Richards Coffee Maker

It has a programmable timer, so you can wake up to the smell coffee. The easy-clean filter(过滤器) and anti-drip device make it simple to maintain(保养).

B. Philips Juicers

It gives you all the juice thanks to its patented micro-mesh filter and powerful 700W motor. The extra-large feeding tube easily takes whole fruits and vegetables.

C. Panasonic Bread Makers

It is perfect for small living spaces. You’ll enjoy wonderful fresh bread at the time you choose. It has a digital 13-hour timer, which is great for cooking a loaf overnight ready for breakfast.

D. KDWTTB10 Compact Dishwasher

   Stylishly designed in black, it is as good looking as it functions. It promises to leave your dishes sparklingly clean, again and again!

E. Russell Hobbs Regency Kettle

   Its features: a rapid boil 3 KW concealed element for last boiling and easy cleaning; blue illumination when boiling; and double water gauges(测量仪) for ease of viewing when filling.

F. Hoover Optima 6 kg Washing Machine

  It features a unique “teardrop” door design and is user-friendly, which makes laundry days a little easier. Additional features include a countdown digital display.

以下是用户体验，请匹配与之对应的家用电器。

1.It is a great size for a small kitchen. I think its sleek black design is much more stylish than my old machine. You select the temperature setting your requirements and then shut the door and press the start button. It is very handy. It wipes clean easily as well. It also has an effective drying cycle so items are very dry. The anti flood device gives me much more security and the performance has been brilliant.

2.I think it’s amazing. It looks great. It also cleans great. It has more than enough settings for all your wash needs and is extremely quiet during all washing cycle, even on the 1600 spin. With 1600 rpm speed of spin, the clothes are almost dry when they come out! It leaves the contents spotlessly clean. The big door is very handy if you want to wash duvets(羽绒服). I do love this washing machine!

3.You get what you pay for and it’s not expensive. With an otherworldly light, it tells you how long the pot’s been sitting on the warmer. And after an hour, it shuts itself off. In my experience, the biggest problem is that there is no way you can make a full pot of coffee unless you like it incredibly weak.

4.I have not been disappointed with it. The flip-top lid makes it easy to fill. The large transparent “window” makes it easy to see how much you are putting in—so you can choose the number of cups. It looks great, boils quickly and holds plenty of water. The blue light up display when boiling is a fun feature. I think it’s a good kettle and definitely worthy money.

5.All I have to do is put the ingredients into its pan and select my type and the time when I want it finished. If you want to wake up to fresh loaf, you have to work out how many hours it will be between the time you switch it on and the time you want it to be ready. Meanwhile, the recipe that comes with it is very accurate and after three and a half hour you’ll have the most tasteful bread you ever tried.

请你根据以下信息，写一篇英语短文，向外国朋友介绍春节。

【写作内容】

     名称：   春节（中国最重要的传统节日）；

     时间：   每年农历正月初一到十五之间；

     节前：   打扫房子，帖春联（the Spring Festival Couplets）, 买花；

               除夕夜： 无论离家多远，这天家庭成员都会赶回来吃团圆饭，其中饺子最受欢迎，人们相信可以带来好运；

     正月初一：人们穿新衣服，探亲访友，互相祝福“新年快乐”，给孩子们压岁钱（lucky money）;

    春节期间的活动：舞龙舞狮（中国传统的民间艺术，可追溯到两千年前）。

【写作要求】

   只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。

【评分标准】

   句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。