It is easy for us to tell our friends from our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do not.

In Kenya, researchers have found that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear animals and thus pose a threat to elephants; Kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants.

In an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or clothing that had been worn for five days by either a Maasai or a Kamba man. When the elephants detected the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took longer to relax than when they detected the smells of either clothing worn by Kamba men or clothing that had not been worn at all.

Garment color also plays a role, though in a different way. In the same study, when the elephants saw red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by Maasai men. Rather than running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively toward the red clothing.

The researchers believe that the elephants’ emotional reactions are due to their different interpretations of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive.

1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. Maasai people are a threat to elephants.

B. Kamba people raise elephants for farming.

C. Both Kamba and Maasai people are elephant hunters.

D. Both Kamba and Maasai people traditionally wear red clothing.

2.How did the elephants react to smell in the study?

A. They attacked a man with the smell of new clothing.

B. They needed time to relax when smelling something unfamiliar.

C. They became anxious when they smelled Kamba-scented clothing.

D. They were frightened and ran away when they smelled their enemies.

3.What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Elephants attack people who wear red clothing.

B. Elephants use sight and smell to detect danger.

C. Scientists are now able to control elephants’ emotions. 

D. Some Kenyan tribes understand elephants’ emotions very well.

4.What can be inferred about the elephant’s behavior from this passage?

A. Elephants learn from their experiences.

B. Elephants have sharper sense of smell than sight.

C. Elephants are more intelligent than other animals.

D. Elephants tend to attack rather than escape when in danger.

What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?

We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.

What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.

He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective（客观的） and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum（光谱）.

He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.

Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.

Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.

These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.

1.Many people believe that science helps society to progress through ________.

A. knowledge                                         B. more than one aspect

C. technology                                         D. the use of machines

2.Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?

A. He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work.

B. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.

C. He is interested in problems that are explained.

D. He looks for new ways of acting.

3.According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT ________.

A. easily believe in unchecked statements

B. easily criticize others’ research work

C. always use his imagination in work

D. always use evidence from observation

4.Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?

A. complete         B. accurate           C. objective               D. complicated

5.What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Application of technology

B. Progress in modem society.

C. Scientists’ ways of thinking and acting

D. How to become a successful scientist.

Have you heard of the scandal that happened in one of Great Britain’s biggest supermarket chains called Tesco? The British love Tesco as it sells very cheap products and it can be found on almost every corner of a British city or town.

On January 15th 2013 food inspectors discovered 30 % horsemeat in a certain brand of frozen beefburgers that were mostly sold by Tesco in the UK and Ireland.

In times of social media like Facebook and Twitter the news has spread fast and customers have been very concerned about what the food they buy actually contains. Tesco said it had taken away the burgers from the shop shelves immediately, and apologized to their customers. They also promised that they would find out what exactly happened and that they would work harder than ever so this would never happen again. Customers are also able to return the beefburgers and get a refund, that is, their money back.

However, it will be hard for Tesco to get the people’s trust back. Just imagine buying lovely beefburgers that you fry at home and suddenly you find out that you have actually eaten horsemeat! In this case not only horse lovers will be upset!

By the way, why are British people so shocked about eating horsemeat? In history, horses have played great roles as working animals and as an important means of transport. When Britons of today think of horses, they think of majestic animals or cute pets rather than meat.

But this is not the only reason for the protest: Customers also want to be sure that the products they buy contain what it says on the label. Hopefully, supermarkets can avoid mistakes like that in the future. Maybe there should be stricter regulations and more controls of our food? Otherwise we will soon find ourselves eating panda meat instead of pork and parrot instead of chicken. So the next time you are in a supermarket maybe check the ingredients of your food before you buy it or you could get a nasty surprise …

1.What is the scandal?

A. Tesco’s products were much more expensive than they are supposed to be.

B. Tesco didn’t react immediately to a food quality issue.

C. Tesco sold expired food.

D. Horsemeat was found in burgers sold in Tesco.

2.What didn’t Tesco do in response to the scandal?

A. It withdrew the beefburgers.

B. It made an apology to the public.

C. It investigated and found out the cause and effect of the scandal.

D. It returned money to customers who bought the beefburgers.

3.Which statement isn’t among the reasons why customers are furious?

A. People trusted Tesco so much that they never expected a scandal like this.

B. Everyone can call himself or herself a horse lover in the UK.

C. Sellers shouldn’t cheat customers.

D. The horse is humans’ friend.

As an experienced photojournalist in Nashville, Tennessee, I was hired by USA Today newspaper to photograph a spinal bifida (脊柱畸形) corrective surgical procedure. It was to be performed on a twenty-one week old fetus（胎儿）in uterus（子宫）at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. At that time, in 1999, twenty-one weeks in uterus was the earliest that the surgical team would consider for surgery. The worst possible outcome would be that the surgery would cause premature delivery, and no child born earlier than twenty-three weeks had survived.

The tension could be felt in the operating room as the surgery began. A typical C-section cut was made to access the uterus, which was then lifted out and laid at the junction of the mother’s thighs（大腿）. The entire procedure would take place within the uterus, and no part of the child was to breach the surgical opening. During the procedure, the position of the fetus was adjusted by gently moving the outside of the uterus. The entire surgical procedure on the child was completed in one hour and thirteen minutes. When it was over, the surgical team breathed a sigh of relief, as did I.

As a doctor asked me what speed of film I was using, out of the corner of my eye I saw the uterus shake, but no one’s hands were near it. It was shaking from within. Suddenly, an entire arm thrust out of the opening, then pulled back until just a little hand was showing. The doctor reached over and lifted the hand, which reacted and squeezed the doctor’s finger. As if testing for strength, the doctor shook the tiny fist. Samuel held firm. I took the picture! Wow! It happened so fast that the nurse standing next to me asked, “What happened?” “The child reached out,” I said. “Oh. They do that all the time,” she responded.

The surgical opening to the uterus was closed and the uterus was then put back into the mother and the C-section opening was closed.

It was ten days before I knew if the picture was even in focus(对焦). To ensure no digital manipulation(篡改) of images before they see them, USA Today requires that film be submitted unprocessed. When the photo editor finally phoned me he said, “It’s the most incredible picture I’ve ever seen.”

1.What may be the best title for the passage?

A. An Amazing Moment                                          B. A Pitiful Fetus

C. An Honorable Job as a Photographer              D. An Impressive Surgeon

2.In 1999, people believed that it was ________.

A. possible for a fetus 21 weeks born to survive

B. likely for a fetus born 21 weeks to become abnormal

C. right time for a fetus born 21 weeks to receive an operation

D. risky for a fetus 21 weeks in uterus to receive an operation

3.From the second paragraph, we can see that the surgery was ________.

A. challenging but successful                                 B. demanding and unsuccessful

C. simple and short                                                  D. long-lasting and difficult

4.The underlined “It” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.

A. the uterus              B. the arm of the fetus

C. the picture             D. the head of the fetus

5.From what the editor said in the last paragraph, we know he was very ________.

A. disappointed                   B. satisfied                                   C. confident                D. depressed

根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项多余选项。

—Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest restaurant is?

—____1.____

—Where is the nearest restaurant, please?

—Oh, the restaurant? The nearest one is the City Restaurant. ___2.___

—I’m --er-- I’m afraid I don’t quite ...you see, ____3.____

—I see. Simply walk two blocks straight ahead, then turn left, and the City Restaurant is about 10 metres ahead. ____4.____

—Can I take a bus?

—Of course you can. but ____5.____ It’s only a few minutes’ walk.

—Thank you very much.

—Not at all.

A. What did you say?

B. I’m a total stranger here.

C. You can’t miss it.

D. I beg your pardon?

E. It’s just opposite the No. 5 Department Store.

F. I don’t think it is necessary.

G. It’s not very far.

阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）

My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day, sitting in science class. I’d finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye: NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器).Before I even knew anything else about it, a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind, Curiosity.

    I couldn’t want for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay. That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed until my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind...”

    Five months later, my mom received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face.

    On August 5,2012,at 10:31 p.m, the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA.

    Curiosity is such an important part of who I am. I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours. She’d tell me stories and point out the stars, Grandma lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas, but the stars kept us together even when we were apart. They were always there, yet there was so much I didn’t know about them. That’s what I love so much about space.

    People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mares. My answer is simple because we’re curious. We human beings do not just hole up in one place. We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon.

1.How did Clara get the new about the essay contest?( no more than 10 words)

2.Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA?( no more than 10 words)

3.What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma?( no more than 15 words)

4.What does the underlined phrase “hole up”mean?(1 word)

5.In your opinion, why is curiosity important?( no more than 20 words)

下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每句不超过两个错误；

2. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

3. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

College students have a little ways to pay their college fees. Many students have their parents to pay the fees. Some students may apply to a bank loan and others will try to find part-time jobs in and out of the campus. Apart from this, many good student can win a scholarship. By this way they can pay at least part of the fees. As to me, I will let my parents pay half of their fees because they are rich enough. Beside my study, I will take up a part-time job by teach some high school students math, physics, chemistry and English, as I’m very good at these important subjects. Of course I will also work very hard at my lessons in order to I can easily win a scholarship.

一个好的学生应该具有许多优秀品质（如下图所示），你认为哪个或哪两个是最重要的呢？为什么？请分析原因，并结合自己的生活实际，写下你的感悟。

要求：

1．词数：120左右；

2．文中不出现真实的学生姓名。

注意：

1．文章连贯，条理清楚，详略得当；

2．结合实际，写出真情实感。

(要点一：学生应该具有哪些优秀品质)

_____________________________________________________________________________.

Personally speaking, （要点二：你认为最重要的品质）______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________.

The reasons are as follows.

（要点三：原因一并结合生活实际）

To begin with, _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________.

（要点四：原因二并结合生活实际）

Besides, __________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________.

From then on, I have kept the following in my minds: （要点五：感悟）_______________

________________________________________________________________________________.

-- My parents are preparing my favorite dishes. Go with me and have a taste, okay?

-- ______. And I’ll be glad to meet your parents.

A. I think so                    B. I hope so                     C. I’m sure                               D. I’d love to

The biggest whale is _____ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ____ 9-story building.

A. the; the                    B. a; a                           C. a; the                      D. the; a