Water, _____ we cannot live, exists in the form of liquid, gas or solid.

A．from which        B．on which          C．by which          D．without which

Dana Cummings was in his thirties before he first went surfing. But, even more interesting is that Dana Cummings chose to learn the sport after losing a leg in a car accident. Now, nine years later, he helps other disabled (伤残的) people learn how to ride the waves in AmpSurf.

On the coast of Maine, he is working with 27-year-old Matthew Fish, who is partly blind. Cummings takes hold of Fish and leads him into the ocean. The surfboard floats next to them. Fish lies on the surfboard. He tries to stand up on it. After a few attempts (尝试) he is up and riding all the way back to land. “That was exciting,” Fish says.

A car accident in 2002 took Dana Cummings’ leg. He says the crash changed him more than just physically. “Losing my leg made me realize how precious (珍贵的) life is and get off the couch and start living. I do more things now than I ever did before. Next week I am going to compete in a contest in Hawaii,” Dana says.

One year later Dana Cummings formed AmpSurf. AmpSurf is a group that volunteers to hold surfing classes and events for people with all kinds of disabilities.

Recently, AmpSurf took its training programs to the East Coast. Eleven students attended the class in Maine. They came from all over the northeastern United States.

Dana Cummings thinks AmpSurf can change the way a disabled person thinks. “Most people with disabilities consider himself or herself unlucky and useless, but we want them to see what they can do. Who cares you lose your leg or you are blind, whatever? Have fun. Just enjoy life. Take the most advantage of it you can,” Dana says.

1.Matthew Fish thinks learning to ride the waves is _____.

A．boring            B．easy              C．interesting         D．difficult

2.When did Dana Cummings set up AmpSurf according to the text?

A．In 2002.          B．In 2003.           C．In 2008.           D．In 2011.

3.According to Dana Cummings, AmpSurf can _____.

A．ease the physical pain of the disabled

B．help the disabled learn to get used to their life

C．change the attitude of the disabled towards life

D．make the disabled pay more attention to their disabilities

4.What is the best title for the text?

A．Dana Cummings — a great surfer

B．AmpSurf — a training group

C．How to learn to live with disabilities

D．Disabled surfers ride the waves

Have you listened to music on an iPod? Used a computer at home? Those are just two of the ways your life was touched by the work of Steve Jobs.

Jobs, one founder of Apple Computers, died on Wednesday, October 5, 2011 at the age of 56. He had been fighting with cancer since 2004.

Steven Jobs was born in Los Altos, California. He and his childhood friend, Steve Wozniak, designed and built the first Apple computer in his parents’ garage in the 1970s. The Apple II, built when Jobs was just 21 years old, was the first personal computer to be widely sold to the public.

Steven Jobs didn’t stop there. He went on to invent more devices (设备) that allowed people to bring their own creativity to computing: the Macintosh, the iPod, the iPhone, the iPad. People found his products beautiful and easy to use.

Jobs also changed the music and film industries. He started Pixar, a film production company in 1986. Toy Story was the world’s first computer-animated feature film (电脑动画电影).

“Steve was among the greatest of American innovators — brave enough to think differently, confident enough to believe he could change the world, and clever enough to do it,” said President Barack Obama. “By making computers personal and putting the Internet in our pockets, he made the information revolution not only easy to reach, but fun ... And there may be no greater praise to Steve’s success than the fact that much of the world learned of his death on a device he invented.”

All around the world, people are talking about the effects that Jobs’ creations have had. By creating products that surprised people, he changed the way people worked and lived their everyday lives.

1.Which of the following about Steve Jobs is NOT true?

A．He was born in California in 1955.

B．He built the Apple II in 1970.

C．He set up a film production company at 31.

D．He was found to suffer from cancer at 49.

2.The underlined word “innovators” in Paragraph 6 could best be replaced by _____.

A．inventors         B．businessmen       C．producers         D．founders

3.According to Barack Obama, the highest praise for Steve Jobs is that _____.

A．his products are widely used all over the world

B．his products are thought to be beautiful and easy to use

C．people all over the world are sad at his death

D．people learned about his death from his products

4.Jobs changed the way we work and live by _____.

A．building the first personal computer

B．making computer-animated feature films

C．developing the music industry

D．creating surprising products

It’s a sure sign that summer is over and winter is on the way — leaves that were once deep green turn red, yellow and bright orange. It happens every autumn. But did you ever wonder why?

The leaves start changing color when the nights start getting longer and the temperature starts getting cooler. Some scientists think that as the number of daylight hours shrinks, the leaves stop making chlorophyll which makes plants green. The reason is that the process of making chlorophyll requires sunlight. But according to horticulture (园艺) educator Susan Rose from Colorado State University, it turns out leaves don’t really change color at all. “The fall colors are actually there all along,” she said. “But they are covered by the green chlorophyll. As the chlorophyll stops being produced, the other colors can shine through.”

The kind of color that the leaves are going to change to is determined by the plant’s genetic (基因的) background. In some places, the leaves start changing color in September — before autumn even officially begins. In other places, they don’t change until late October or even November. Some scientists say the leaves have been changing color later than usual in recent years. And they think global warming has something to do with that.

In one study, researchers found that the growing season in the Northern Hemisphere was nearly a week longer, on average, in 2008 than it was in 1982. And a professor from Harvard University found that the leaves, west of Boston, Massachusetts, are changing color about three days later than they used to. However, other scientists disagree with the global warming theory. Susan Rose said the leaves in her part of Colorado are changing “right on schedule.” But the leaves in other parts of that state are running a little late. “The lateness in the mountains may have something to do with the really warm late summer and early fall,” she said. “But I’m afraid that’s just a guess.”

1.According to Susan Rose, _____.

A．the fall colors are always in leaves

B．leaves make chlorophyll all the seasons

C．leaves’ changing color have nothing to with the weather

D．leaves begin changing color because they start making chlorophyll

2.The underlined word “shrinks” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by _____.

A．reduces          B．increases          C．lasts              D．appears

3.Scientists guess leaves change color later than usual probably as a result of _____.

A．genetic background                     B．dry weather

C．global warming                         D．low temperature

4.The purpose of the last paragraph is to tell readers _____.

A．why leaves change color at fall

B．leaves change color at different time

C．the effects of the global warming on plants

D．different opinions on the lateness of leaves’ changing color

Since people first sent rockets into space in the 1950s, we have been leaving behind all sorts of things. Some of them, like the camera, were lost by astronauts while they did work outside their spaceship. But much of the space junk is made up of little pieces of things that were once bigger objects, until they struck each other and broke apart.

Some things we send into space fall back toward the earth and burn up in the atmosphere. But larger pieces sometimes survive the extreme heat and hit the ground or the ocean at great speeds. So there is always concern that something may fall from the sky and do some harm.

But space junk falling on housetops (屋顶) is not the biggest worry. Scientists are concerned about what happens when an empty rocket strikes another while orbiting (绕轨道飞行) the earth. Two big things become many smaller things. They then hit other things. The pieces get smaller and smaller until they form a cloud of junk that blocks the path of future space vehicles.

So what can be done to clean up the space around our planet? Marco Castronuovo, an Italian researcher, talks about sending a satellite into space that would get very close to some of the larger pieces of space junk. The satellite would connect a small rocket to the useless object. When the rocket explodes, it pushes the junk into a lower and slower orbit, nearer the earth. After a time, the junk burns up in the atmosphere.

Mr. Castronuovo has proposed (提议) using a number of small satellites with robotic arms. One arm would catch the space junk, and another arm would connect the rocket. He imagines that each satellite would jump from one large piece of junk to another. He thinks this method could destroy about ten large objects each year.

Scientists have been concerned about space junk for many years. Right now, the costs of the clean-up have been too great. Mr. Castronuovo says his system could be put in place for a much more reasonable amount of money.

1.Much of the space junk _____.

A．was thrown by the astronauts

B．is from broken spaceship

C．is made up of small pieces of things

D．returns to the earth piece by piece

2.Scientists are most worried that the space junk _____.

A．will stop the future space vehicles

B．will do harm to the atmosphere

C．will fall on the housetops

D．will burn up in space

3.What does Marco Castronuovo think of his system?

A．It can remove space junk completely.

B．It can save a large amount of money.

C．It can create a large amount of space.

D．It can develop robotic technology.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Five steps to better handwriting

Some kids love handwriting, but others hate when it’s time to put their pen to paper. Maybe they are worried about their handwriting. Are you one of them?   1  Here are five steps that really work!

Get a great grasp

Try this — hold your pencil at the top and try to write your name. Pretty hard? But when you hold your pencil the correct way, writing is much easier.   2  Hold it in place with your thumb, and your index (食指) and middle fingers.

Let the lines be your guide

Lined paper is your friend! Those lines can help you create letters that are the right size and proportion (均衡).   3  Also be sure to fill up the lined space completely. Those capital letters should be from the bottom line to the top one.

Slow down

If your writing is hard to read, try slowing down a little. If you rush, it’s hard to control where you stop and start your letters.

Lower the pressure (压力)

  4  That makes it harder to make the smooth lines. Try easing up and don’t hold the pencil too tightly.

  5 

Lots of games require you to write or draw pictures. So even though it’s not schoolwork, you’re still using the skills you need to control your pen better.

A．Play games

B．Ask for more advice

C．So “a” should be half the height of a capital “A”.

D．You’ve been writing since you were a little kid.

E. Some kids press down really hard when they write. 

F. The good news is that just about everyone can improve their handwriting. 

G. The best way to hold a pen or pencil is to let it rest next to the base of your thumb. 

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My young cousin Tom seems to have endless question to ask every day. One day, he asked me how life on earth began after watch a film. To be honest, the question remains a puzzle to me. Therefore, in order not to let him down, I found the answer in a book. It says, “Long ago the earth was a cloud dust. The dust settled into a solid globe before billions of years. The earth became such violent that it exploded loud. Then water, that is important for life to develop, began to appear. As the time went on, different life forms began.”

假如你是李华，你校外教Johnny准备周末去附近的云雾山探险旅游，写信向你询问注意事项。请你根据下列提示，给他回一封电子邮件。

1. 准备一张云雾山的地图；

2. 查询当地实时天气，带上必要的衣物、食品、药品及手电筒( flashlight)；

3. 必要的话，找一位向导。

注意：1. 词数：100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。

Dear Johnny,

I’m glad to know that you will travel to and explore Yunwu Mountain. And it’s a great pleasure for me to offer you some advice.                             ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

____________________

Yours,

Li Hua

Maybe you are in ___ trouble, but don’t lose _____ heart in face of difficulty.

A．/; /              B．the; /             C．the; the           D．/; the