As China becomes increasingly urbanized (城市化), it has to find space for its urban and rural citizens as both groups become increasingly integrated. Experts suggest a possible model way may be “re-inventing” a “garden city”.

China’s mega-cities are bursting at the borders and the country is now undergoing the quickest and biggest urbanization in the history of mankind. It is estimated that by 2025, China will have 400 million more people living in its cities, raising its urban population to 900 million. Besides, new satellite towns are mushrooming on the urban fringes while city ring roads are rippling outwards into the countryside at amazing speed. Satellite maps collected by Professor Joshua Bolchover at the University of Hong Kong bring the problem sharply into focus. They track the changing rural-urban framework in the past 30 years, and suggest that cities are cruelly destroying surrounding rural land and rapidly reducing the amount of arable (可耕种的) land, which gives way to new residential blocks, new industrial zones, new financial centers and the other inevitable signs and signatures of economic growth.

This, however, is not sustainable growth pattern, especially when China has the world’s largest population to feed. So concerned urban planners are starting to note the social and physical effects of diaspora (大移居) when replaced rural communities are forced into the cities.

On the other hand, a trend of thought is gradually taking shape and this is the concept of the “garden city”, a combination of country and city that is being proposed by architects and city planners. Hua Li, from Tao Architects, is among the many professionals with such a voice. His argument is supported by a long-term study on this subject. As Hua says, the answer is to preserve patches of productive farmland within urban boundaries. Less transportation means we have fresh agricultural products at lower costs and less carbon emission in the city. And urban farmland can also be showcased for agricultural tourism and education.

The concept is already practiced at the grassroot level. Agriculture has gone into the air, up to roof and balcony in some communities in the cities. It’s common to see organic “hanging garden” on the roof of some traditional courtyard home. According to some people, the rooftop project translate to tangible (=" practical)" benefits, such as safe, nutritious vegetables, a cooler home in summer. Some say thanks to the tomatoes they plant that are natural insect killers, there’re fewer mosquitoes. Apart from these, it also contributes to better bonding with neighbors. Zhang, a doctor in Beijing, began creating his hanging garden five years ago. Since his garden became home to 30 kinds of vegetables and fruit --- all enough to feed his family, neighbors have enjoyed dropping by for a relaxing chat or just to see how well the lovely vegetables and fruit are doing.

Although people like Zhang are still rare and the greening of roof space with vegetables and fruit takes skill and energy, with more positive media exposure and advanced technology there is the prospect that garden city will become common practice in the near future. By then, cities will no longer look so gray when seen from the satellites.

1.Some experts suggest re-inventing a “garden city” because ______.

A．it is the only model way to save the cities

B．it helps stop destroying the rural areas

C．increasing urbanization takes place in China

D．China has the largest population to feed

2.What is the purpose of paragraph 2?

A．To show the experts’ concern about the increase of population.

B．To persuade people into supporting economic growth in cities.

C．To explain the reasons for the change of rural-urban framework.

D．To inform the readers of the consequences of quick urbanization.

3.In Hua Li’s opinion, a combination of country and city will ______.

A．benefit the environment and lower living costs

B．become a project that needs a long-term study

C．lead to more rural communities being replaced

D．attract more farmers to take tours in cities

4.Zhang is mentioned (Paragraph 5) to show that ______.

A．he achieves his dream to own a hanging garden

B．hanging gardens are becoming more popular

C．the garden contributes to a better neighborhood

D．he is a pioneer to practise the gardening concept

5.As for the concept of the “garden city”, the writer feels ______.

A．desperate         B．hopeful           C．disappointed       D．concerned

FRIDAY, Aug. 3 (Health Day News) -- Middle school students who are physically fit are likely to score higher on standardized tests measuring reading and math abilities, a new study has found. And, the average scores went up in connection with levels of fitness, the findings showed.

“The more physically fit kids were, the higher their scores,” said the study’s lead author, Trent Petrie, director of the Center for Sport Psychology at the University of North Texas in Denton. “Parents should encourage their kids to be physically active. There are some real cognitive (认知的) and academic benefits that come from physical fitness”, Petrie said.

Results of the study are scheduled to be presented Friday at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Orlando, Fla. The study included more than 1,200 middle school students from five schools in a suburban area of Texas, with 561 boys and 650 girls. About 57 percent of the children were white, and nearly one-quarter were Mexican American. Nine percent were black and about 2 percent were of Asian descent.

The school district provided the researchers with information on the children’s race, age, grade level and whether they qualified for the free school lunch program, which was an indicator of the family’s socioeconomic status. The schools also provided scores to the tests, which were given between one and four months after the researchers had assessed the children’s levels of fitness. Fitness tests were administered during physical education classes to determine the youngsters’ heart and lung health (cardiorespiratory fitness), as well as their body mass index (BMI), an indicator of how much body fat a person has. The children also filled out questionnaires that helped the researchers determine factors such as self-esteem and social support.

After accounting for factors such as age, sex, family income and self-esteem, the researchers found that for both boys and girls, higher levels of heart and lung health predicted better scores on both the math and reading tests.

For boys, perceived (感观的) social support also seemed to increase their reading scores, the investigators found. In girls, while being physically fit predicted higher reading scores, so too did a higher BMI-- which indicates more body fat. “We were a little surprised by this finding,” Petrie said.

“It was not as strong an association as the one with physical fitness,” he added. The authors suspect it may have something to do with girls this age entering adolescence, which may be related to a higher BMI and slightly higher brain development. He said he plans to make great effort to look for this relationship again in larger studies to see if it was a chance finding, or if the association holds up.

“While we can’t say 100 percent that physical fitness causes better academic performance, we can say that there is a strong and predictive relationship between physical fitness and academic performance,” Petrie said.

“It’s hard to tease apart (梳理) the exact reason for this association,” said Becky Hashim, an attending clinical psychologist and assistant professor in the departments of psychiatry and pediatrics at the Children’s Hospital of Montefiore, in New York City.

“It may be that the children are getting more oxygen. When the heart and lungs are working at a higher capacity, it may allow the brain to work at peak performance. Children who are less fit may be sleepier during school,” she noted. “I personally feel that there’s probably a strong relationship between the confidence you get from being able to do something physical well and academic performance.”

Whatever the reason behind this association may be, “there’s certainly no harm in pushing physical fitness,” Hashim added. “Physical fitness may make you feel better, give you more confidence and improve your performance across the board,” she said.

Petrie agreed. “Physically fit kids are happier, have higher self-esteem and, tend to have better relationships, and now we’re beginning to see that there also seem to be benefits cognitively and academically. Our study sends a strong warning to policymakers to reconsider the service program of physical education classes for kids,” he said.

1.How did the school district help the researchers carry out the study?

A．By analyzing the data of fitness tests.

B．By giving some basic information.

C．By completing some questionnaires.

D．By offering a certain amount of Money.

2.According to the passage, the result of the study will be published ______.

A．in a book          B．in a journal        C．at a conference     D．on the Internet

3.What’s the suitable title of the passage?

A．Parents should be aware of the benefit of fitness.

B．Fitter kids are likely to make better grades.

C．Fitness affects kids’ social behavior greatly.

D．Teachers should value physical education classes.

4.What’s Becky Hashim’s attitude towards the relationship between physical fitness and academic performance?

A．Supportive        B．Indifferent         C．Critical            D．Doubtful

5.What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph refer to?

A．The BMI.          B．The body fat.       C．The brain development.   D．The test score.

6.From the last paragraph we can infer that physically fit kids ______.

A．deserve to be treated well                B．live much longer than others

C．get along well with others                 D．enjoy a peaceful life

Questions:

A. Do you think people should be decisive in the wild?

B. How to make hunting tools?

C. Do you think people should send an SOS while they are in danger?

D. How to make a fire in the wild?

E. How to set a trap to hunt animals?

F. How to build a shelter in the wild?

1.______

Answer: If you are in a desert environment, try to build an underground shade shelter to avoid prolonged sun exposure, obviously only for hot climates. So you can be more comfortable in cooler temperatures to avoid sweating. If your environment is damp, use branches laid and criss-crossed on top of one another to create a solid and dry foundation for an open bed pad. Raise the foundation above ground level as much as possible.

2.______

Answer: Yes, I think so. For example, if you think the best survival course of action is to look for help and civilization, don’t wait 4 or 5 days before you come to this conclusion. Take action on the 1^st or 2^nd day if possible while you still have strength and endurance working for you.

3.______

Answer: Use dry wood and sticks to start your fire. Fire is started by using three kinds of wood: tinder, kindling, and fuel. Tinder is any kind of flammable wood shavings, usually light and wispy. You can take two pieces of dry wood, sharpen one of them and use it to drill into the other piece. Place any highly flammable objects you can find next to the drill bit. The moment the flammable object catches a spark, use a rock to swiftly tip the object onto a nest of leaves and little branches.

4.______

Answer: Get an ordinary block of wood and hit it with a rock repeatedly until the wood sharpens. In this case, use the rock as your sharpener. You could also take a rock and break off some of the edges and then use another rock and some water like a wet stone and sharpen. In an ideal situation, obsidian stone would be used for its infamous sharpness.

5.______

Answer: Use two more sticks to hold up a “teepee”, similar to your shelter. Place an item of your choice you think an animal will come after, if you’re lucky, the animal will be trapped. Dig a hole in the ground about 2m-3m deep and 1m-2m across. Take two thin branches and place them criss-crossed across the hole. Cover it with leaves and put something the animals like to eat. You can also put a few wooden spikes sharpened by your knife at the bottom. Don’t forget to build a ladder or you might not be able to climb out of the hole.

In today’s increasingly competitive world, that is of great importance to keep a positive attitude towards life. It is important because it could help us solve various problems in life. Taking English learning for example. In our efforts to grasp English, mistakes are unavoidable. In the way, mistakes are annoyed, but a positive attitude can make us realize that only making mistakes can we be expected to make progresses.

As we can see it, keeping a good attitude can help us to deal with mistakes correct and find confidence in time of sorrow. However, its importance cannot be denied.

现代社会通讯交流的工具日益发达，但人和人之间的交往并没有随之增加。面对陷入困难的陌生人，有人伸手援助，认为帮助陌生人是一种美德。有人则觉得帮助陌生人会让自自己陷入麻烦和危险。您的看法呢？请您以Should we help strangers?为题，写一篇100-120字的短文来阐述这一现象。

1．描述以上人际交往的现状和信息。

2．简短评论，分析原因。

3．给出您的看法。

注意：短文标题已给出（不计字数）。

Should We Help Strangers?

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— Susan, will you please go and empty the rubbish?

— ______?

A．Why me          B．So what           C．What for          D．How come

Nowadays ______ Internet is becoming increasingly popular and ______ new high speed broadband network was recently started.

A．a; the            B．the; a             C．a; a              D．the; the

Most of us manage our physical health better than our emotional health, ______ problems to cause real harm.

A．left              B．leaving            C．to leave           D．having left

Anyone who applies for the position must meet the requirement ______ he or she should have a good command of English.

A．which            B．whether          C．how              D．that

Our understanding of education, work and society is different from ______ of the earlier generation.

A．what             B．those             C．that              D．one