A long time ago, before human beings lived on the earth, little coral polyps（水螅）settled around tropical （热带的）coastlines and constructed corals. Over a long period they created lots of reefs. Yet, pollution, climate change and commercial fisheries are limiting the chance of future generations knowing or seeing many of the reefs and sea creatures that exist. Hence, take action to dive now and you can explore the underwater world.

Commercial underwater diving began in ancient Greece. Diving in general means that the whole body is completely in water. On that account there are lots of exciting and quite adventurous ways to dive, like shark cage diving, scuba diving（戴水肺潜水）and reef diving.

There are great coral reefs all over the world, but usually they are situated in warm, clear water such as the Pacific and the Indian Ocean, where they grow best. This is why there are no coral reefs on the west coast of South Africa. However, South Africa’s east coast offers much brightly coloured sea life.

In South Africa more than 100,000 dives a year are made just in coral reefs, which are one of the natural wonders of the world. To see the whole beauty of the reef the right diving gear（设备） is an essential requirement. This means a perfect fitting diving mask and fins, as well as a snorkel（呼吸管）and a friend. Diving alone is dangerous because there may be strong currents you are not aware of, and it’s a lot more fun to share the experience with someone. However, before you can explore the deeper sea, a certificated and checked scuba, a wetsuit and of course a license will be needed. Whether you choose the snorkel or the scuba to spot the colourful underwater world, try to touch as little as possible, be careful with the corals and don’t strike the fishes, because the complex ecosystem is very sensitive.

1.The following factors probably affect coral reefs EXCEPT ________.

A．sea creatures      B．pollution          C．fishing            D．climate change

2.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Human beings appeared before corals were created.

B．One needs a license to dive into the deeper sea.

C．Diving alone has many advantages.

D．The origin of diving is in modern Greece.

3.There are no coral reefs on the west coast of South Africa probably because of a lack of ________.

A．large waters and soft sand

B．warm currents and delicious food

C．friendly creatures and flat seabed

D．clear water and suitable temperature

4.The last paragraph mainly tells us ________.

A．diving alone under the sea is rather dangerous

B．some matters we need pay attention to when diving

C．South Africa is a popular place for diving

D．what we should wear when diving

US universities are among the best in the world. Since World War Ⅱ, American scientists --- mostly working in universties or colleges --- have won more than half of all Nobel Prizes in physics and medicine. Foreign students rush to the United States by the tens of thousands. Last year they earned more than one quarter of the doctoral degrees awarded in the country. Yet while American universities produce the great research and great graduate program, they sometimes pay little attention to the task that lies at their very core: the teaching of undergraduate students.

With the increase in fees, educators feel obliged to improve undergraduate teaching. In speeches and interviews the nation’s higher educators have rediscovered teaching. Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American Universities,  said,  “Our organization was never very concerned about teaching. In the last 18 months, we have spent more time on undergraduate education than on any other subject.”

Despite such promising efforts, no one doubts that research still outranks teaching at some of the leading universities, not least because it is a surer and faster way to earn status. Some people don’t think it has to be that way. They argue that the reward system for college faculty can be changed, so that professors will be encouraged to devote more time and effort to teaching. They say that they are beginning to believe that the first ten years of the 21st century may come to be remembered as the decade of the undergraduate.

That would bring it full circle. For more than two centuries after the founding of Harvard College in 1636, the instruction of undergraduate students was an essential condition of American higher education.

1.According to the passage, at some of the leading American universities ________.

A．research is declining in importance          B．teaching now ranks above research

C．teaching is a sure way to gain position        D．research still ranks above teaching

2.It is implied in the passage that about 200 years ago undergraduate instruction ________.

A．began to change all of a sudden

B．was already threatened by research work

C．was the central part of higher education

D．began to be neglected in most universities

3.What would be the best title for the passage?

A．University education in the US             B．University education challenged

C．Teaching and research in universities        D．Undergraduate teaching rediscovered

Coaches and parents always tell us to keep our goals in mind when we go for a competition. Carrying your goals and expectations into a competition is one of the biggest mistakes any athlete can make. This is a big game and you want to win. You want to score a hundred, defeat your competitors, or score a hat-trick（三分）of goals. When you carry your goals into the competitive ground with you, chances are great that you will leave that performance with disappointment and heartache, and nothing more!

Expectations will weigh you down. Expectations will distract （使分心）you from the performance and make your muscles tighten up. Want to perform to your potential when it counts the most? Then write your goals on a piece of paper before you leave for the game, match or race, and then leave that paper at home!  Make a deal with yourself to let go of your goals. Expectations and goals should be your training partner, used to motivate you to work harder during practice and take your game to the next level, However, never take your goals and expectations into a competition. You will not perform to your potential!

Go into your competitions without any preconceived （预想的）ideas about the result. Forget the outcome!  Instead, keep your focus on what you’re doing in the moment. Think of the competition as it unfolds, moment by moment. Relax at every opportunity by breathing deep and letting go of the tension in your muscles. When you do this you’ll remain loose and relaxed. When you stay loose,  you’ll perform to your capabilities. Goals and expectations are very important for your overall motivation, and very harmful when you carry them into a performance.

1.According to the passage, for an athlete one of the biggest mistakes is _______.

A．forgetting his goals when competing         B．worrying about his not winning

C．carrying his goals into the competition       D．paying too much attention to the result

2.The underlined part  “weigh you down” in the second paragraph probably means “________”.

A．make you feel anxious                   B．make you want to do something

C．help you perform to the potential           D．help you concentrate on something

3.According to the author, expectations and goals should be ________.

A．set within one’s capabilities

B．used as an encouragement when training

C．written down in case of being forgotten

D．divided into some small parts

4.What might be the most suitable title for the passage?

A．Keep your goals in mind                  B．Set your goals for a competition

C．Forget your goals after competitions         D．Leave your goals at home

Your teen is falling asleep in class

Teens have a busy morning schedule as they need to wake up and get moving very early in order to catch a bus and get to school by the required time. This means teens need to get their rest the night before or they will be too tired to learn anything at school.   1.  

When a teen falls asleep in class, two things happen: he/she misses what is being taught and he/she loses the respect of the teacher. He/She may also receive a consequence from the school, depending on the classroom discipline policy.   2. 

To prevent your teen from being sleepy in class, try these three tips:

* Set a time for “lights out” on school nights. This is never be any later than 10 p. m. and preferably 9 p.m.   3.  Soft music can be on and used to help calm your teen.                          

* Help your teen develop a nighttime routine that involves activities that slow them down for the end of the day.   4.  Turning off the computer and disconnecting from friends and the excitement of the day an hour before bedtime will also help your teen relax.

* 5.  This will reinforce（增强）what it feels like to be rested and capable of accomplishing what he/she wants.

A．What’s worse, they may even fall asleep in class.

B．Taking a bath and reading are two activities that work well.

C．Set a good example and show him/her your love for learning.

D．Point out the positives after your teen has had a good night’s rest.

E. “Lights out” means the computer, television, lights and cell phone should be off.

F. All of these things affect your teen’s academic success and can be avoided.

G. While your teen keeps his/her goals in line with your expectations, he/she may have his/her own goals.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

Hi, everyone. To let us get closely to nature and do more exercise, the Committee of our

community will organise the activity. All residents they are interested in farming are invited to

take part the activity. Weather permitted, we’ll ride bike to do some farming this Saturday on a

farm. It is about 5 kilometres far away from our community. You can grow some vegetables,

plant some flowers and fed fish in the lake nearby. You will be trained and guide while

farming. Not only will you enjoy the pleasure of labour and get relaxed, but also you can taste

some fresh produce unless you are willing to. Everyone is welcome to attend!

越来越多的人用微博记录心情和感悟。请你以“The micro-blog：A new way of communication”为题，用英文写一篇短文。短文应包括下表中的内容：

注意：1．为使语句连贯，可以适当增加细节；

2．词数100左右。题目已给出，不计入总数。

The micro-blog: A new way of communication

____________________________________________________________________________

_______                                                                   _

______ __________________________________       ________________________

-----Did you have a good time yesterday, Jane?

-----Yes, as you know, _______party went on in _______most pleasant atmosphere.

A．the, the           B．a, the             C．a, a              D．the, a

The term “weak eyesight” is misleading, _______ in near-sighted eyes the lens(水晶体) of the eye is actually too strong.

A．though           B．for               C．so               D．unless

I was scared and feeling pretty anxious, _______in a new country.

A．for the first time I was                    B．I was the first time

C．being the first time                      D．this being my first time

-----You shouldn’t have gone there alone last night .

-----But I ______. Philip went there together with me .

A．didn’t           B．hadn’t           C．wouldn’t         D．wasn’t