For most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the street or loading a cart in a shopping mall．Soon, that will change．Electronic commerce （trade） is growing fast and will soon bring people more choices．There will, however, be a cost: protecting the consumer from being cheated will be harder．Many governments therefore want to apply street regulations to the electronic world．But politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulation．

Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for everything for the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs or their rights to refund when goods are faulty．But governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence is on the screen．Even in a country where a clear right to compensation exists, the on-line customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to get a refund for a clothes purchase．

One answer is for government to cooperate more: to recognize each other’s  rules．But that requires years of work and volumes of detailed rules．And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober countries to accept．There is, however, another choice．Let the electronic businesses do the regulation themselves．They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so．

In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset．Governments, too, may compete to be trusted．For instance, customers ordering medicines on-line may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDA’s rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead．

Customers will still need to use their judgment．But precisely because the technology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than customers of the normal sort．And the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain when a company lets them down．In this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protection laws, not more．

1.According to the author, what will be the best policy for electronic commerce?

A．Self-regulation by the business．           B．Strict consumer protection laws．

C．Close international cooperation．           D．Government protection．

2.In case an electronic shopper bought faulty goods from a foreign country, what could he do?

A．Refuse to pay for the purchase．           B．Go to the seller and ask for a refund．

C．Appeal to consumer protection law．        D．Complain about it on the Internet．

3.In the author’s view, businesses would place a high emphasis on honest dealing because in the electronic world _________________________________．

A．international cooperation would be much more frequent

B．consumers could easily seek government protection

C．a good reputation is a great advantage in competition

D．it would be easy for consumers to complain

4.We can infer from the passage that in licensing new drugs the FDA in the United States is ____________________．

A．very quick         B．very cautious       C．very slow          D．rather careless

5.If a customer buys something that does not meet his expectation, what is the advantage of dealing through electronic commerce over the present normal one?

A．It will be easier for him to return the goods he is not satisfied with．

B．It will be easier for him to attain the refund from the seller．

C．It will be easier for him to get his complaints heard by other consumers．

D．It will be easier for him to complain about this to the government．

I had an experience some years ago, which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves．One January, I had to hold two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community．Both had died “full of years”, as the Bible would say．Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence （吊唁） calls on the two families on the same afternoon.

At the first home, the son of the deceased （已故的） woman said to me, “If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today．It’s my fault that she died.” At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, “If only I hadn’t insisted on my mother’s going to Florida, she would be alive today．That long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate, was more than she could take．It’s my fault that she’s dead.”

You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty．Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course — keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation — would have turned out better．After all, how could it have turned out any worse?

There seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty．The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens．That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.

The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen．It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault．The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood.

A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it．He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks．He cries, and someone comes to attend to him．When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him．Very often, we do not completely outgrow that childish view that our wishes cause things to happen.

1.The author had to hold the two women’s funerals probably because __________________.

A．he wanted to comfort the two families

B．he was an official from the community

C．he had great pity for the deceased

D．he was priest of the local church

2.People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because _______________________.

A．they couldn’t find a better way to express their sorrow

B．they believe that they were responsible

C．they had neglected the natural course of events

D．they didn’t know things often turn out in the opposite direction

3.According to the passage, the underlined part in paragraph 4 probably means that ______.

A．everything in the world is predetermined

B．the world can be interpreted in different ways

C．there’s an explanation for everything in the world

D．we have to be sensible in order to understand the world

4.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Life and death is an unsolved mystery.

B．Every story should have a happy ending.

C．Never feel guilty all the time because not every disaster is our fault.

D．In general, the survivors will feel guilty about the people who passed away .

Gauri Nanda sees a wearable computer as a handbag — one that’s built out of four-inch squares and triangles of fiber, with tiny computer chips embedded (嵌入) in it. It looks, feels and weighs like your typical leather purse.

That’s where similarities end: This bag can wirelessly keep track of your belongings and remind you, just as you’re about to leave the house, to take your wallet. It can review the weather report and suggest that you grab an umbrella. This purse can even upload your favorite songs onto your scarf.

Sure, a computing purse and scarf set may seem like the stuff of science fiction. But these devices, part of next generation of wearable computers, could become commonplace within a few years. DuPont created new super strong fibers that can conduct electricity and can be woven into ordinary-looking clothes. And the chipmaker developed chip packaging allowing wearable computers to be washed, even in the heavy-duty cycle.

As a result, these new wearable devices are different from the heavy and downright silly versions of the recent past, which often required users to be wrapped in wires and type on their stomachs. Unlike their predecessors, these new wearable computers also make economic sense. When her bag becomes commercially available in two to three years, Nanda expects it will cost around $150, which is the price of an average leather purse.

Here’s how the bag works: You place a special radio-signal-transmitting chip on to your wallet. A similar radio in your purse picks up the signal and notifies you that you’ve forgotten to take your wallet. In turn, sensors on your purse’s handles will notify the computer that you’ve picked up the purse and are ready to go.

Already, these new kinds of wearable devices are being adopted for use in markets like auto repair, emergency services, medical monitoring — and even, increasingly, for consumers at large. Indeed, more people will want to cross that bridge in the coming years — making for a booming market for wearable computers that don’t like something out of science fiction.

1.Which of the following describes a wearable computer?

A．It can be washed in a washing machine.

B．It is much heavier than a leather purse.

C．It can download songs from the Internet.

D．It is made of clothes conducting electricity.

2.According to the passage, these new wearable computers ________________________.

A．require users to operate on the stomach

B．pick up the signals through wires and chip

C．are being applied in some different areas now

D．are smarter but more expensive than the old ones

3.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?

A．These new wearable computers have become fashionable.

B．People would like to learn more about these new computers.

C．These new wearable computers promise to sell well in the future.

D．The idea of these purse-like computers comes from science fiction.

4.The purpose of the passage is ________________________________________.

A．to introduce a new kind of computer        B．to explain the function of computers

C．to compare different types of computers     D．to show how high technology affects our life

Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them; often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.

Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed the need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, they inquire into the causes of the disasters or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however. the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.

Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers．In the U.S, for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work. and then reports any companies that are breaking the laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course, new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness. but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.

1.The main topic of the passage is ___________________________________________.

A．conditions in the work place               B．the freedom of industries in the past

C．changes in industrial production            D．the safety and health of workers and customers

2.It can be inferred from the passage that in the past __________________________.

A．workers often got ill because of the poor working conditions

B．companies were free to put out any products they wanted to

C．many people were killed by dangerous products

D．industries were as careful in management as they are today

3.It is implied (暗示) in the passage that ________________________________________.

A．governments and companies had different opinions about the safety of products

B．governments paid little attention to the safety of products

C．government officials often did not listen to scientists

D．in the past no safety laws were introduced by governments

单词拼写（每空一词，共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

1.The young children f_______ ill because the water and food here disagreed with them.

2.After the prince started dancing with a lady, more people j__________ in.

3.It was not until midnight that they r____________ an agreement.

4.Laws on pollution d__________ widely from one country to another .

5.J___________ from your accent, you must be from the north.

6.As we all know, air is a m___________ of gases

7.Many people won’t feel c____________when laughed at.

8.We just learned that Mr White had got b_________ injured in the accident.

9.Luckily the two pilots s__________the aircrash while the plane broke into pieces.

10.When they were trapped on the island, the police came to their r__________ very soon.

下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

One day, I was sitting in class taking notes then my teacher asked me to leave the classroom. I have no clue as to what was about to happen. I nervously walked out of the classroom and I saw my father being standing by the door. I asked him what was going. He just told me to get into his car immediately. When I got in, I found my grandparents were there, too. My grandfather told me that we were going to have dinner for mine birthday, which was actual in two days. Then, grandmother gave me a birthday card. I opened it quickly, which made everyone surprising. But they gave me a much big surprise! The card is said, “Happy birthday! We’re going to Disney World, RIGHT NOW!”

假设你是校报英文版的编辑李华。上周，你校心理俱乐部进行了一场活动，调查同学们遇到不开心的事情时一般向谁倾诉。请你用英语写一篇短文把这次调查情况刊登在你所负责的栏目中。调查结果如下表：

注意：1. 词数120左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头已写好。

Last week, the psychological intervention club in our school carried out a survey about ______________________________________________________________________.

—Will you join us in the game?

—Thank you,      

A．but why not?                           B．but I’d rather not.

C．and I won’t                           D．and I’ll join.

By _____ coincidence, oil paints were developed at the time when ____technique of perspective was used.

A. a ;  the     B \ ; a    C. \; the   D. a; a