Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal. Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.

Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in "small talk", usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job．In many European countries -- like the UK or France -- people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.

Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand．I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled．After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.

Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.

People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.

1.In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to _____.

2.The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that _________.

3.According to the text, how can people from different cultures understand each other better?

4.What would be the best title for the text?

Researchers in over 80 nations are taking part in a project to conduct a decade-long census(统计) of sea life. Scientists presented some of their findings at a recent conference as the project neared its completion.

In deep icy waters under Antarctica, scientists found bulbous tunicates, an underground animal, and many newly-discovered creatures believed to be related to starfish (海星) and other marine(海洋的）creatures.

Elsewhere in the world’s oceans, they have recently discovered many kinds of underwater life forms new to science. It is all part of a research effort called the Census of Marine Life.

“There are about 2,000 scientists worldwide involved,” said Bob Gagosian, President, CEO of the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. Gagosian helps manage the project. “Everywhere they’ve gone they’ve found new things,” he says. “The ocean basically is unexplored from the point of view of marine living things.”

Researchers have placed small markers on hundreds of fish and marine animals to track by satellite their migration(迁移）routes and to discover places where sea life gathers.

According to Ron O’Dor, a senior scientist with the Census of Marine Life, knowledge of life on the ocean floor is especially limited. “90% of all the information we have is from the top hundred meters of the ocean,” O’Dor states.

And he says the sea floor is, on average, at a depth of 4, 000 meters. And so, as some machines dive far below what people have previously seen, scientists are discovering new species of plants, animals and living things.

Since the census project began, more than 5,300 new marine animals have been found. Ocean researchers say they hope to catalogue 230,000 species during the census —which some say is only a small part of all the creatures living in the sea.

1.Why do the researchers place small markers on many marine creatures?

2.From what Ron O’Dor says, we can conclude that        .

3.What can we learn from the passage?

4.Why does the author write the passage?

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Easy Ways to Boost（改善）Your Mood

_______1_______. Taking an extra moment for yourself will make your day brighter and give you a healthier outlook on life. Here are some simple ways you can bring a little happiness into your life right now:

1. Go for a walk.

Grab your dog, best friend, or your significant other and head out on a brisk（轻快的） walk. Just a little bit of exercise can boost your mood and give you a fresh perspective on problems that have been bothering you. Think walks are boring? ________2_______. Take a trip to the mall, or even walk to get some frozen yogurt. Make it a fun trip and you’ll surely make it part of your routine.

2.________3________.

After all, laughter is the best medicine. Pick up something that makes you laugh like a funny picture, book, magazine, or a DVD of your favorite comedy. _______4______. Giving yourself time to laugh boosts feel-good endorphins（胺多酚）.

3.________5________ .

Take a photo of yourself doing something you enjoy, like roller skating, skiing, swimming, playing an instrument, or being with friends and family. Place the picture on your desk to remind yourself that you lead an amazing life and have lots to be happy about.

E. Tell someone that you’re guaranteed to brighten their day

F. You could even plan a date night out to a comedy club

G. Buy something silly

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Ù），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。

修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1. 每处错误及修改均限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。      

This morning, after I finished my homeworks, I decided to go to the cinema to see a film. I was about to arrive while I found a foreigner standing on the side of the road, looking nervously. Then I came up to him to see what was the matter about him. However, none of us could understand each other. At the last, we managed to make ourselves understand with the help of body language. The foreigner wanted go to People’s park. I stopped a taxi and told the driver to drive me there. Then I ran to the cinema as fast as I could and have a good time.

一对外发行的英文报纸有“人物剪影”栏目，请根据下面的提示写一篇短文，介绍我国著名乒乓球运动员王楠。

　　提示：

　　1. 王楠：1978年10月出生于辽宁。

　　2. 身高1.62米，体重54公斤。

　　3. 7岁开始打球，1989年进入辽宁队，1993年入选国家队。

　　4. 在国际比赛中获得几十枚金牌。　　

注意：

　　1. 不要逐条翻译提示，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。

2. 词数100~120

School was over and I was both mentally and physically tired, I sat at the very front of the bus because of   1   to get home．Sitting at the front makes you   2   out like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies． Janie, the driver, tries to break the uncomfortable atmosphere by striking the match of   3 ．

I try to mind my manners and  4   listen, but usually I am too busy thinking about my day．On this day, however, her conversation was worth listening to．

"My father’s sick," she said to no one in  5 ．I could see the anxiety and fear in her eyes．With a sudden change of attitude and interest, I asked, "What’s wrong with him?"

With her eyes wet and her voice tight from   6   the tears, she responded, "Heart trouble．" Her eyes   7  as she continued．"I’ve already lost my mum, so I don’t think I can   8  losing him．”

I couldn’t respond．I was  9  ．My heart ached for her．I sat on the old, smelly seat thinking of the great   10  my own mother was thrown into when my father died．

I saw how hard it was, and still is, for her．I wouldn’t like anyone to go through that．Suddenly I realized Janie wasn’t only a bus driver．That was just her job．She had a whole world of family and concerns too．I had never thought of her as anything but a  11   ．I suddenly felt very   12  ．I realized I had only thought of people as   13   as what their purposes were in my life．I paid no attention to Janie because she was a bus driver．1 had judged her by her job and regarded her as unimportant．

For all I know, I’m just another person in someone else’s world, and may not even be important．I should not have been so selfish and self-centered．Everyone   14  a place to go to, people to see and appointments to   15 ．Understanding people is an art．

1.A．determination B．decision    C．attempt          D．anxiety

2.A．make           B．stand        C．think            D．find

3.A．topic              B．message      C. discussion       D. conversation

4.A．devotedly     B．carelessly  C．truly            D．sincerely

5.A．common         B．silence     C．particular       D．surprise

6.A．avoiding       B．clearing    C．keeping          D．fighting

7.A．glanced       B．closed       C. lowered          D. saddened

8.A．mind           B．regret      C．bear             D．miss

9.A．angry         B．interested  C．curious          D．shocked

10.A．pain          B．pity         C．disappointment   D．mercy

11.A．daughter     B．worker       C．driver           D．passenger

12.A．selfish        B．confused   C．worried          D．sad

13.A．long          B．often        C．far              D．well

14.A．takes             B．has          C．finds            D．needs

15.A．stay              B．remain       C．keep             D．put

Advertising gives useful information about which products to buy. But modern advertising gives more than news   16    products and services .Today’s advertisements, or ads, try to get consumers to buy certain brands .Writers of advertising are so skillful  17  they can sometimes persuade a consumer ___18___(wear) a certain kind of clothing, eat a special kind of cereal (麦片) ,or see a movie. Consumers might never even want a product if they did not see or hear advertisements for it.

For example, you probably do not need the ___19___(new) cereal in the supermarket. There are probably many cereal brands on your kitchen shelves. You may not have space on your shelf for __20__. But if you see ads about a new cereal that is your extra - tasty and has a free prize in the box, you may want __21_. Advertising must get attention. To be     22__ (effect), it must be exciting, entertaining, or provide some pleasure. The secret of writing good advertising copy is to offer____23__ good idea as well as a product. The idea is ___24___ the advertisement is really selling. One example is an ad that says eating a certain cereal will make a person do well in sports. That cereal brand may sell better if consumers think it ____25__ (offer) strength and energy.

Peter Judd joined the army  26    he was eighteen, and for several months he   27    (teach) how to be a good soldier. He did quite well in everything   ___ 28  shooting. One day he and his friends were practicing ___29_____ (shoot), all of __30___were doing quite well except Peter. After he had shot at the target nine times and had not hit it once, the officer   31    was trying to teach the young soldiers to shoot said, "You’re quite    32     (hope). Peter! Don’t waste your last bullet too! Go behind that wall and shoot yourself with it!"

Peter felt ashamed. He went behind the wall, and a few seconds later the officer and the    33     young soldiers heard the sound of a shot.

"Heavens!" the officer said, "Has that silly man really shot   34    ?" He ran behind the wall     35     (anxious), but Peter was all right. "I’m sorry, sir." he said, "but I missed again.”

During the summer holidays there will be a revised schedule of services for the students. Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged, will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club.

In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 pm on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 pm.

All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card. This announcement will also appear in the next week’s student newspaper.

1.The main purpose of this announcement is to ________.

A．tell students of important schedule changes

B．show the excellent services for students

C．tell students of new bus and library services

D．ask students to renew their library cards

2.At which of the following times will the bus leave the main hall?

A．8:00, 9:00, 10:00, 11:00    B．8:30, 9:30, 10:30, 11:30

C．8:30, 9:00, 9:30, 10:00      D．8:00, 9:30, 11:00, 12:30

3.Times for films and concerts are not listed in this announcement because ________.

A．they are not to be announced    B．the full list is not ready

C. they are hard to arrange         D．the full list is too long

4. In the summer holidays, the library will have __________.

A． no special hours

B． special hours on weekdays

C． special hours on weekends

D． special hours both on weekdays and weekends

5.We may infer that during the summer holidays ________.

A．The library will continue its usual hours on weekdays

B．students will stay in the university

C．there will be a concert or film once a week

D．no breakfast will be served on weekends

It was one of the happiest times of my life. I was 29 and had just received my bachelor’s degree, graduating with honors despite working two jobs and being a wife and mother. My parents and five-year-old son were in the audience when I walked onto the stage at Ashland University to get my diploma. I was so excited and proud to be starting a teaching career and contributing more to my family’s well-being.

But when I got home that evening, there was a note from my husband written on the back of an envelope. It basically said he had come to get his clothes and wouldn’t be back. We’d been having trouble, but the finality of that note still came as a shock. He had emptied our bank account. We were horribly in debt. I had quit my previous jobs in expectation of interviewing for a teaching position. Plus, I was eight months pregnant.

I had my son, and I was about to bring a new life into the world, so despite my deep sadness, I had to go on. The next morning, I woke up, put my feet on the floor, took a deep breath, fixed breakfast, and basically did everything I always did. I used my routine to keep me moving. After being in the military for six years, I guess you can say I relied on my training, like all good soldiers do in tough situations. One small step after one small step was the way I bounced back(恢复原状).

And in the seven years since, I’ve continued moving forward. I got a job as a kindergarten teacher, earned a master’s degree in education, and watched my babies grow to twelve and seven. I certainly would never have chosen to put them through this, but looking back, I’m glad it happened to me when it did. It helped me find my voice and myself a lot sooner. It helped me grow independent, confident, and strong—things I’m hopefully instilling(灌输) now in my children.

1.After getting her bachelor’s degree, the author expected to ________.

A. become a teacher     B. be a wife and mother 

C. work two jobs       D. get divorced

2.What do we know about the author from Paragraph 2?

A. Her husband wrote a note to congratulate her on her graduation.

B. She had just been to a job interview when her husband left her.

C. Her husband paid off all the debts from the bank.

D. She was going to have another baby soon.

3.The author’s hardships in life made her ________.

A. become confident and independent

B. work harder in the kindergarten

C. use her routine to move forward

D. feel pleased with what happened to her

4. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.

A. The author’s parents helped her a lot

B. The author received further education later

C. The author earned a master’s degree when she was 29

D. The author didn’t know how to deal with marriage

5.What helped the author to pull through her hard time?

A. The divorce with her husband.

B. Her fellow soldiers in the army.

C. Her decision to find a new job.

D. A strong mind and love for her kids.