Dreaming is believing, claim researchers of a new study, who found that dreams have an effect on people’s behavior, judgment and they might contain important hidden truths as well.

“Psychologists’ interpretations (解释) of the meaning of dreams vary widely. But our findings show that people believe their dreams provide meaningful insight (见识) into themselves and their world,” said a lead author of the study Carey More wedge, an assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University.

    In six different studies, researchers surveyed nearly 1,100 people about their dreams. One of the studies focused on general beliefs about dreams and involved 149 university students. All students were asked to rate different theories about dreams. The experts found that a surprising majority of the participants supported the theory about dreams revealing (揭示) the hidden truths about themselves and the rest of the world.

    In a second experiment, they surveyed 182 people at a Boston train station, and asked them to imagine one out of four possible situations that could have occurred the night before a scheduled airline trip. Most of the participants said that dreaming of a plane crash would be more likely to affect their travel plans than would just thinking about a crash, or being warned by the government of a terrorism risk. They said a dreamed crash would influence their travel plans just as much as learning about a real crash on their planned route would.

   Another experiment involved 270 men and women from across the United States. In a short online survey, they were asked to recall one of the dreams they had seen about any person they knew. The findings showed that people were more likely to remember and describe pleasant dreams about a person they liked, rather than a person they disliked. Meanwhile, in most cases they tended to consider an unpleasant dream as more meaningful if it was about a person they disliked.

    “In other words,” said More wedge, “people attribute (归因于) meaning to dreams when it corresponds (与……一致) with their pre-existing beliefs and desires.” The researchers say that more investigation (研究) is needed to fully understand how people interpret their dreams. According to More wedge, most people realize that dreams are not predicting their future, but they still try to find some meaning in there.

1.The purpose of the studies is to _______.

   A. determine when people tend to remember their dreams

   B. research whether dreams have anything to do with real life

   C. find out how people interpret their dreams and what impact that has

   D. understand what causes people to dream and how to interpret dreams

2.According to the second experiment, what might influence people’s travel plans most?

   A. Thinking about a past plane crash.

   B. Dreaming about a plane crash.

   C. Hearing a government’s warning of a terrorism risk.

   D. Imagining a plane crashing on their planned route.

3.What can be concluded from the study?

   A. When a dream conflicts with people’s existing beliefs and desires, they tend to attribute less

meaning to it.

   B. Most people disagree that dreams help them better know themselves and the world.

   C. A majority of people believes that dreams can predict their future and try to find their meaning.

   D. Dreams can be a useful tool for learning and problem solving.

4.Which kind of dream is seen as more meaningful than the rest?

   A. A pleasant dream about a person the dreamer likes.

   B. A pleasant dream about a person the dreamer dislikes

   C. An unpleasant dream about a person the dreamer likes.

   D. An unpleasant dream about a person the dreamer dislikes.

A used book or nearly-new kitchen gadget (配件) may not be at the top of every Christmas wish list, but hard economic times coupled with a new green awareness are changing attitudes about gift-giving in France.

    French holiday shoppers are choosing larger numbers for “green” gifting this Christmas, studies show. About 30 percent of French consumers will give second-hand items as gifts to stretch out their tight budgets but also to do their little bit for recycling, according to a study by international consulting firm Deloitte.

    The survey of Christmas consumer behaviors in 18 European countries found the French were more than twice as likely as other Europeans to give second-hand items. Websites promoting re-gifting and green gifting are popular in France, with many reporting a rise in business.

    “Concerns about the ecology and the economy have come together and we are now seeing people who accept the types of gifts that were not appreciated just a short time ago,” said Sebastien Ravut, who runs a website promoting eco-friendly consumerism. His site lists shops in France that offer fair trade products, bio-friendly goods and recycled items. Over the Christmas holidays, the number of visits to the site has doubled from last year, reaching 60,000 a month.

    A study by online survey firm Vivodi for PriceMinister showed eight out of 10 people would be happy to receive a used item as a gift and that younger consumers were more open to the idea.

    But Gilles Goldenberg, author of the Deloitte study, said that environmental concerns are not why customers buy used goods. “The number one concern is getting the lowest possible price,” said Goldenberg. “Eco-friendly products are drawing a lot of interest, but not if that means paying more.”

    Theatre tickets and other low-carbon gifts are fashionable, and eco-friendly websites are also encouraging gift givers to offer time and services instead of stuff. “The order of the day is to spend less time shopping and more time connecting” over the holidays, said Florence de Monclin from the Nicolas Helot foundation for Nature and Humanity.

1.We can judge from the Deloitte study that _________.

   A. over a quarter of the French give second-hand Christmas gifts

   B. the French are less willing to buy eco-friendly gifts than other Europeans

   C. 80% of French people are happy to receive second-hand gifts

   D. less than 10% of European consumers are likely to give second-hand gifts

2.According to Goldenberg, the main reason for customers to buy used goods is that _______.

   A. they want to be eco-friendly        B. they want to save money

   C. it is encouraged by websites        D. it is a new fashion in Europe

3. All the following might be a promoted gift EXCEPT ________.

   A. a theatre ticket

   B. a second-hand book

   C. a nearly-new digital toaster

   D. a box of heavily packaged chocolate

4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

   A. Old people are not open minded enough to accept second-hand gifts.

   B. People wish to receive second-hand gifts because of the economic downturn.

   C. Ravut’s website received a sharp decrease in visits during the Christmas holidays.

   D. In de Monclin’s opinion, people should spend more time with friends and family during holidays

Though war is something people hate, Director Feng Xiaoning often exposes his audience to it.

“If we don’t impress the audience, who are without the painful experience of war, with the cruel injury to life and human nature war causes, how can we bring them a love of peace and objection to war?” asked the director with a glance in his eyes.

After Red River Valley and Lover’s Grief over the Yellow River, both of which star Chinese model and actress Ning Jing, Feng drew a satisfactory full stop to his war trilogy (三部曲) last month with Purple Sunset.

The film tells a story which took place in 1945, at the very moment when World War II was drawing to an end. A Chinese peasant and a Soviet woman soldier flee into a forest, where they seize a Japanese girl. They follow the girl in the hope that she will take them out of the forest, but instead they arrive in a Japanese base. Humanity (人道主义) prevents them from killing the young, innocent (无辜的) victim of Japanese militarism. This humanity, the longing for peace and eagerness to survive, make the three unite.

“If people are touched by justice, tolerance and unselfishness, I think I have achieved my goal,” Feng said. Feng admits that there are violent and bloody scenes in the film, such as tanks fighting and Japanese burning Chinese people alive, to show the cruelty of the war. But that’s never his personal preference, he says.

“Everyone who has watched my films can tell how much I hate war,” he said. “I wrote all the things for my war films by myself. Whenever I finished one, I felt as though I had suffered great pain.”

Feng regards every one of his productions as an opportunity to learn about human nature and humanity. In spite of violent scenes which frighten and sicken the audience, a balance is sought with beautiful scenery. Just like the snowy mountains in Red River Valley and the grand plateau (高原) in Lover’s Grief over the Yellow River, a beautiful vast grassland appears in this film. “I used to study art, and I appreciate beautiful things,” Feng said. “I believe that films should offer the audience a chance to enjoy beauty.”

1.Director Feng Xiaoning shot war film because _____.

A. he was deeply interested in such a topic

B. he wanted to give the audience the painful experience of war

C. he hoped to arouse people’s love of peace and objection to war

D. he dreamed of becoming a world-famous director

2.All of the following belong to Feng’s war trilogy except _____.

A. Red River Valley                   B. Lover’s Grief over the Yellow River

C. Purple Sunset                      D. In the Mood for Love

3.A Chinese peasant and a Soviet woman solider seized a Japanese girl so that _____.

A. they could find the Japanese base easily

B. she could take them out of the forest

C. they could kill her for revenge

D. it would cause the Japanese militarism to give in

4.Scenes of Japanese burning Chinese people alive in the film are to ______.

A. show that war is cruel

B. attract people’s interest

C. show Feng’s personal preference in dealing with details

D. make the film moving and interesting

What is eBay? The simple answer is that it is a global trading platform where nearly anyone can

trade practically anything. People can sell and buy all kinds of products and goods, including cars, movies and DVDs, sporting goods, travel tickets, musical instruments, clothes and shoes- the list goes on and on.

The idea came from Peter Omidyar, who was born in Paris and moved to Washington when he was still a child. At high school, he became very interested in computer programming and after graduating from Tuft University in 1988, he worked for the next few years as a computer engineer. In his free time he started eBay as a kind of hobby, at first offering the service free by word of mouth. By 1996 there was so much traffic on the website that he had to upgrade(升级) and he began charging a fee to members. Joined by a friend, Peter Skill and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he has never looked back. Even in the great.com crashes of the late 1990s, eBay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet.

eBay sells connections, not goods, putting buyer and seller into contact with each other. All you have to do is take an e-photo, write a description, fill out a sales form and you are in business: the world is your market place .Of course for each item (商品)sold eBay gets a percentage and that is great deal of money. Every day there are more than sixteen million items listed on eBay and eighty percent of the items are sold.

1.We learn from the text that eBay provides people with_______.

A. a way of buying and selling goods

B. a website for them to upgrade

C. a place to exhibit their own photos

D. a chance to buy things at low prices

2. Why did Peter create eBay after graduating from university?

A. For fun.                             B. To make money.

C. For gathering the engineers.         D. To fulfill a task of his company.

3.From “he has never looked back”in Paragraph 2, we learn that Peter______.

A. did not feel lonely                  B. was always hopeful

C. did not think about the past         D. became more and more successful

4.How does eBay make money from its website?

A. By bringing sellers together.           B. By charging for each sale.

C. By listing items online.               D. By making e-photos.

1.Only after Jane’s mother came to help her for the first few months _________________________(她被允许)begin her project. (allow)

2._____________(具备有) new scientific farming methods, the farmers have been able to use less farmland than in the past. (equip)

3.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______________________ (打破了)the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (break)

4.__________________(看到他们的儿子玩) computer games all day, the parents feel sad and helpless and they don’t know how to deal with it.(see)

5.The museum which appeals to many tourists sits on the exact spot _________________(金子被发现的)a few years ago.(discover)

6.____________________(给我留下最深刻的印象) was his attitude toward the cultural differences when learning a foreign language. (impress)

7.His parents ________________________(不可能提醒他) the time, for he was late for the meeting again. (remind)

8._____________________(毫无疑问) John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school have saved Ms. Slade’s life. (doubt)

9.The chairman suggested that another meeting ____________(举行) to discuss the housing problem. (hold)

10.Work hard while you are young _______________________(你就不会后悔) when you are old. (regret)

假如你是李明，你发现部分同学每次遇到重要考试，都会出现一些焦虑症状。请你用英语写一封信，向某学生英文报编辑反映该问题并给这些同学提一些建议。信的内容应包括下列要点：焦虑症状: 头晕、乏力、睡眠不好、食欲不振等

建议：1．考前制定好合适的复习计划

2．考试期间正常作息

3．睡前洗热水澡、喝热牛奶等有助于睡眠

注意：1．根据以上内容写一篇短文，不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。

2．要准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。

3．词数：120个左右。开头已给出，不计词数。

参考词汇：头晕—dizzy（adj．）

Most of today’s youngsters prefer to ______ to their favorite journals online because they think it is both trendy and handy.

A. contribute              B. resort               C. subscribe         D. relate

The police failed to come up with ______ evidence, and on that account the suspect was released.

A. effective                B. valid            C. subtle        D. considerate

After a series of food safety incidents, the government has ______ that not enough has been done to guarantee people green and healthy food.

A. revised                  B. recalled             C. recollected      D. reflected

--- Bill! What about going to the theatre after work? The latest movie is on tonight.

   --- Come on, Henry! ______ your silly talk and get down to business. Otherwise, we’ll never be finished for anything.

A. Cut out                  B. Cut away         C. Cut through          D. Cut off