阅读理解

　　Darwin's great work, The Origin of Species, is now generally accepted as one of the most important books ever written. But when it first came out in 1859, it was laughed at and attacked by both scientists and laymen.

　　Much of opposition to The Origin of Species rose from Darwin's theory that all living creatures, including man, are somehow related (有关系的). Many people were made angry by the suggestion that man shared a common ancestor (祖先) with animals such as apes and monkeys. They attacked Darwin for saying that man had come from the apes. But Darwin never actually said this. He believed that modern men and modem apes have both come from the same ancestor. But at some time in pre-history, millions of years ago, men and apes began to develop separately, and ever since have continued to be different in many ways. Perhaps the most surprising fact about his theory (理论) is that he managed to work it out with the aid of only a few fossil discoveries.

　　Fossil remains were not the only information which we now possess but which Darwin didn't. He did not know that apes have the same diseases as men; nor that they and men have the same kind of blood. Nor did he know about the modern uses of radiation which make scientists able to tell the age of fossil remains and so estimate (估计) the speed at which evolution (进化) has taken place.

1．The main claim made by Darwin in The Origin of Species is that ________.

[　　]

A．man comes from the apes

B．apes and monkeys have a common ancestor

C．man and apes share a common ancestor

D．apes will one day become men

2．The Origin of Species was bitterly attacked when first published ________.

[　　]

A．but scientists today still believe that Darwin's theories are correct

B．but only by scientists

C．and Darwin changed his own views soon after publication

D．but most people quickly accepted his ideas

3．Which of the following is NOT true?

[　　]

A．Many people misunderstood Darwin.

B．Man and apes would look the same had they not developed separately.

C．It is surprising that Darwin made his theory without the help of science.

D．Fossil discoveries were of great help to Darwin.

4．Since Darwin's time there has been further proof to support his theory. ________ is NOT an example of this.

[　　]

A．Similarities of bone structure (结构)

B．Similarities in blood

C．The use of radiation to estimate the age of fossil remains

D．Similarities in diseases

　　A person, like a commodity (商品), needs packaging．But going too far is absolutely undesirable．A little exaggeration, however, does no harm when it shows the person's unique qualities to their advantages．To show personal attractiveness in a casual and natural way, it is important for one to have a clear knowledge of oneself．A skilled packager knows how to add art to nature without any signs of embellishment (装饰), so that the person so packaged is not a commodity but a human being, lively and lovely．

　　For a young person, especially a female, shining with beauty and full of life, any attempt to make up would be self-defeating．Youth, however, comes and goes in a flash．Packaging for the middle-aged is primarily to hide the marks made by years．If you still enjoy life enough to keep self-confidence and work at pioneering work you are unique in through plains, mountains and jungles, running its course as it should．You have really lived your life, which now arrives at a self-satisfied stage of quietness and calmness with no interest in fame or wealth．There is no need to make use of hair dyeing．The snowcapped mountain is itself a beautiful scene of fairyland．Let your looks change from young to old in step with the natural ageing process so as to keep in harmony (和谐) with nature, for harmony itself is beauty, while the other way round will only end in unpleasantness．To be in the elder's company is like reading a thick book of deluxe edition (豪华版) that attracts one so much as to be unwilling to part with．

　　As long as one finds where one stands, one knows how to package oneself, just as a commodity sets up its brand by the right packaging．

1．It can be concluded from the text that ________．

[　　]

A．people should be packaged at all ages

B．people should be packaged in a special way

C．elderly people also care about packaging

D．proper packaging shows a person's unique qualities to their advantages

2．Which of the following is NOT the author's advice?

[　　]

A．Hair-dyeing is not desirable．

B．Young women should not attempt to make up．

C．To show attractiveness, exaggeration in packaging is essential．

D．Packaging should be done without any signs of embellishment．

3．The underlined sentence means that elderly people ________．

[　　]

A．are usually packaged like a fine book

B．have rich experience and profound knowledge of life

C．do a lot of traveling and are well-informed

D．enjoy reading thick books about nature and fairylands

　　Are you happy? Do you remember a time when you were happy? Are you seeking happiness today?

　　Many have sought a variety of sources for their feelings of happiness．Some have put their heart and efforts into their work．Too many have turned to drugs and alcohol．Most of their efforts have a root in one common fact．- people are looking for a lasting source of happiness．

　　Unfortunately, I believe that happiness escapes many because they misunderstand the process and journey of finding it．I have heard many people say “I'll be happy when I get my new promotion” or “I'll be happy when I lose that extra 20 pounds．” The list goes on and on．You probably have a few of your own you could add if you wanted．

　　This thinking is dangerous because it presupposes that happiness is a “response” to having, being or doing something．In life, we all experience stimulus and response．Stimulus is when a dog barks at you and bares his teeth．Response is when your heart beats faster, your palms get sweaty and you prepare to run．Today, some people think that an expensive car is stimulus．Happiness is a response．A great paying job is stimulus．Happiness is a response．A loving relationship is stimulus．Happiness is a response．This belief leaves us thinking and feeling: “I'll be happy when…”

　　It has been my finding that actually the opposite is true．I believe that happiness is a stimulus and response is what life brings to those who are truly happy．When we are happy, we tend to have more success in our work．When we are happy, people want to be around us and enjoy loving relationships．When we are happy, we more naturally take better care of our bodies and enjoy good health．Happiness is NOT a response rather, it is a stimulus．

　　Happiness is a conscious choice we make every day of our lives．For unknown reason to me, many choose to be painful, unsuccessful and angry most of the time．Happiness is not something that happens to us after we get something we want we usually get things we want AFTER we choose to be happy．

　　I have made only one simple rule for my own happiness: Every day above ground is a GOOD day．Therefore, I tend to have a lot of good (and happy) days continually．

1．Paragraph 2 mainly talks about that people seek happiness ________．

[　　]

2．What does the underlined phrase This thinking refer to?

[　　]

A．The thinking of being promoted．

B．The giving up of happiness．

C．The process and journey of finding happiness．

D．The misunderstanding of happiness．

3．The writer strongly believes that happiness is________．

[　　]

4．The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to ________．

[　　]

A．tell people how to enjoy happiness

B．encourage people to seek happiness

C．criticize the wrong ideas about happiness

D．express his attitude towards happiness

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Beijing is determined to build a complete renewable resource recycling network in the years to come so that 30 percent of the trash (废物) in the city can be recycled before 2008.

　　In accordance with a plan regarding the promotion, standardization and construction of a renewable resource recycling network in the urban districts of Beijing, 1,800 recycling station will be established in the eight urban districts of the city, of which 1,400 will be constructed in 2002 and 2003.

　　“The plan has been developed jointly by nine departments of the Beijing Municipal Government.”said local sources.

　　According to the sources, 56 new recycling trucks will be put into operation throughout the eight urban districts this year to replace the former fleet.

　　To promote the construction of a sound recycling network for renewable resources, Beijing will make efforts to sort trash and transform the practice into a systematic practice in 250 residential quarters. Varying amounts of subsidies, with the highest amounting to 60,000 yuan (about 7,228 US dollars), will be given to residential sectors which effectively implement the trash-sorting practice.

　　The Beijing Municipal Commission of Commerce will soon draw up a plan to establish markets for the collection and distribution of renewable resource in an effort to overcome the rather confused(混乱的) situation at present.

　　According to the plan, the city will build ten standardized renewable resource markets.

　　Statistics show that the urban districts of Beijing currently produce one million tons of trash each year, of which wasted paper accounts for 13.33 percent and waste glass 6.5 percent. Recycled paper is principally used for printing business cards, textbooks and postcards.

1．Beijing is to build a complete renewable resource recycling network so as to ________.

[　　]

A．make preparations for the 2008 Olympics

B．provide jobs fur those people who can't find jobs

C．deal with most of the waste in Beijing

D．replace the former ways to deal with waste

2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Less than 30 percent of the recycling stations will be constructed after 2003.

B．Beijing has eight urban districts at present.

C．To sort waste in residential quarters is good to recycle.

D．If a resident isn't willing to distribute renewable resources, he will be punished seriously.

3．The underlined word“fleet”in Paragraph 4 probably is the name of ________.

[　　]

4．The author wrote the passage to ________.

[　　]

A．tell us Beijing is to build a renewable resource recycling network

B．tell us why Beijing is to build a renewable resource network

C．collect money for the renewable resource recycling network in the years to come in Beijing

D．think highly of what Beijing will do to deal with renewable resources

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Sixty-year-old grandmother, Fiona Mcfee, is going to stop working next year and she decided to realize a childhood dream and sail around the coast of Scotland in a small boat . Although the inside of the boat is very cosy, it has no running water or electricity. Fiona says she can live without these things but she plans to take her small CD player, her hot water bottle and a bag of books to make sure life isn't too uncomfortable.

　　We asked her if she was afraid of being at sea for so long. She said, “Well, I'm going to take a good compass. Anyway I'm not afraid of death because I love the seaI just hope it loves me.”Fiona certainly has plenty of energy; in her spare time, she enjoys playing the piano, rock-climbing, canoeing and dancing. Although she is sixty, she doesn't want to have a quiet and peaceful life.“I'm looking forward to having fun in the rest of my life and that's exactly why I'd like to be a sailor for a while.”

1．The underlined word“cosy”in the first paragraph means ________.

[　　]

2．What kind of person would you say the old woman is?

A．Someone who doesn't show what she is feeling.

B．Someone who is very proud and sure of her success.

C．Someone who doesn't use her head much.

D．Someone who is open, honest and brave.

3．The best title for this passage is ________.

[　　]

A．Life Begins at Sixty

B．A Round Coast Sail

C．An Old Woman Sailor

D．An Unusual Hobby

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　A hundred years ago, Hong Kong was just a small fishing village. There were only a few thousand people. They lived a simple life.

　　Houses were two-storeyed then at most. There were no buses or cars. While poor people traveled on foot, the rich traveled by rickshaw(人力车). The roads were covered with stones. There were no big ships or ocean liners. People sailed on small boats or sampans(舢板).

　　Within the last hundred years, there has been great important everything. People worked hard to make Hong Kong a commercial(商业的) center. Multi-storeyed buildings, wide roads and flyovers can be seen everywhere we can travel by bus, tram, taxi or underground. Planes and ocean liners come from different parts of the world every day.

　　Hong Kong is now a famous city. Many people from other countries do business or work here, the city already has over six million people and there will be more in the future. Life in Hong Kong is not simple at all nowadays. People must work harder in order to make a living.

　　It is more than five years since Hong Kong returned to China in 1997. Our PLA soldiers have stationed there. We are sure Hong Kong will have a more beautiful future.

1．One hundred years ago, Hong Kong was ________.

[　　]

A．a small city

B．a small farm village

C．a small fishing village

D．a commercial center

2．At that time people went out to sea ________.

[　　]

3．There has been great improvement in Hong Kong within the last hundred years ________.

[　　]

A．because of the hard work of the people in Hong Kong

B．because Hong Kong is very famous

C．because lots of people have worked there

D．because of its return to China

4．Name four things which show Hong Kong is a modern city.

[　　]

A．small fishing village, underground, car and shops.

B．taxi, multi-storeyed buildings, flyovers and wide roads.

C．roads covered with stones, multi-storeyed buildings, tram and bus.

D．planes, sampan, ocean liners and big shops.

5．What's the passage mainly about?

[　　]

A．Hong Konga hundred years ago.

B．Hong Kongthe past and the present.

C．Hong Konga modern city.

D．Hong Kong's return to China.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Will it matter if you don't take your breakfast? Recently a test was given in the United States. This test included people of different ages, from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfast, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect than if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person works with his brains. If a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class. Opposite to what many people believe, if you don't eat breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch, and end up gaining weight instead of losing. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.

1．During the text, those who were tested were given ________.

[　　]

A．no breakfast at all

B．very rich breakfast

C．little food for breakfast

D．different foods or none

2．The results of the test show that ________.

[　　]

A．breakfast has great effect on work and studies

B．breakfast has little to do with a person's work

C．a per son will work better if he has simple breakfast

D．those working with brains should have much for breakfast

3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Poor breakfast affects those who work with brains.

B．Morning diet may cause one to get fatter.

C．Reducing lunch and supper is of less value in weight-losing.

D．Eating less in lunch and supper may help to lose weight.

4．According to the passage, if a student does not eat breakfast, ________.

[　　]

A．he will fall ill

B．he will fail to listen to his teacher

C．he will not make progress in his study

D．his mind will work more slowly

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Petroleum is a very important mineral. It gives us heat and light. It also gives us power for our cars, planes, and ships. It gives us power for machines of all kinds.

　　How was petroleum formed? Scientists believe petroleum came from the remains of plants and animals. These plants and animals lived and died millions of years ago. (Remains are what is left after a plant or animal has died.) What exactly is petroleum? Petroleum is a mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons. It is oily liquid which may be brown, green, or black in color. The word“petroleum”comes from Greek. It means“rock oil”.

　　Crude oil is petroleum that comes directly from deep in the ground. It is then taken to a refinery. A refinery is a kind of factory to refine oil. At a refinery the crude oil is separated into many parts. From the refined petroleum we get important things, such as gasoline, kerosene, fertilizers, detergents, and a lot of useful things. In fact, there are thousands of such things that we can get. Petroleum really is of great value!

1．Which of the following is NOT true?

[　　]

A．Petroleum is a German word.

B．“Petroleum”suggests“coming from rocks”.

C．“Petroleum”isn't an English word in original.

D．Petroleum is named after its origin.

2．Which of the following is true?

[　　]

A．We can kill animals and plants, and get petroleum by burning them up.

B．Over a very very long period of time, dead trees and animal bodies were turned into petroleum under pressure together with other condition.

C．Petroleum is a kind of mineral, as copper of iron.

D．Petroleum has three states.

3．In the third paragraph, the underlined word“refine”can be replaced by“________”.

[　　]

A．make unmixed with other substances

B．divide

C．mix

D．choose

4．This passage is most likely to be taken from ________.

[　　]

A．a fairy tale

B．a certain newspaper

C．a popular science magazine

D．a diary

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　At one time, death was considered as the moment when the heart stopped beating and breathing. But scientists now recognize two states of death: clinical death, when breathing and circulation (循环) of the blood have stopped; and biological death, when some important organs, such as the heart, lungs, or brains stopped working. A person in a state of clinical death can return to life, but a person who has reached the biological state of death can't at present. Under normal conditions, the state of clinical death usually lasts for a period of 4 to 6 minutes: blood circulation has stopped, but the cells remain alive until they die of lacking of oxygen. When enough cells of any particular organ have died, the organ itself dies. The most rapidly and seriously damaged cells are the nerve cells. So it is not the stopped heart or the lack of breathing that cause death; rather, it is the death of the brain cells.

　　The primary method that medical experts have used to extend the period of clinical death is artificial chilling(人工冷冻). When the patient's body is chilled to below normal temperature, the cells take longer to die. Using experimental animals, medical experts have extended the period of clinical death from minutes to hours by chilling them below their normal temperatures.

　　Dogs in a state of artificial chilling have reduced their body temperature by more than 30 degrees and returned to life without organ damage after two hours. In contrast, few monkeys survived after only twenty to thirty minutes in the state of clinical death. A monkey's brain is more complicated(复杂) than a dog's . It can summarized by a phrase“the higher the animal, the more sensitive(敏感) it is to damage.”Medical experts are making efforts to explore the time limits of clinical death.

1．From the last paragraph, we can infer that human beings ________.

[　　]

A．are likely to reach biological death quickly

B．are likely to be more sensitive to the organ damage than animals

C．can live forever from now on

D．can extend the period of biological death

2．Clinical death can be considered as ________.

[　　]

A．lack of heartbeat

B．lack of breathing

C．the death of the brain cells

D．lack of heartbeat and breathing

3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

[　　]

A．If a person stopped breathing, he is in a state of biological death.

B．The state of biological death usually lasts 4 to 6 minutes.

C．The higher the animals are, the more sensitive they are to the brain cells' damage.

D．Under normal conditions, clinical death can lasts for many hours.

4．If an old dead man is returned to life, the writer of the text would probably consider it ________.

[　　]

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Astronomers do not always agree with each other. One thing on which they cannot agree is the origin of the universe. The universe includes millions of galaxies(星系). Each galaxy is made up of billions of stars. Our earth, the moon, and the sun are part of the same galaxy. We call this galaxy the Milky Way.

　　No one can tell us exactly how the universe came into being. Astronomers can only give us their theories on the way it began. Guesses based upon serious research and study are called theories.

　　One such theory is known as the“big bang”theory. It claims that all matter in the universe was made happening at the same time as a result of a giant explosion about 10 billion years ago.

Other astronomers do not accept the“big bang”theory. Their idea is called the“steady state”theory. These astronomers believe there was no sudden beginning to the universe just as there will be no sudden end. They say matter has always been created at a constant rate and will go on being created forever. Other people have still other theories, but there is as yet no way of proving or disproving ,any of them.

　　Through the use of their instruments, scientists have learned that the galaxies are moving away from each other. Scientists may not be able to agree with each other on how the universe began. But they do agree that the universe is growing. They also admit men have much to learn before they can solve the puzzle of the universe.

1．From the story we know ________.

[　　]

A．the universe should come to an end at once

B．the universe has too many galaxies in it

C．scientists need instruments in their work

D．scientists can only give us theories

2．On the whole, the article tells about ________.

[　　]

A．a good way to prove scientific theories

B .theories about the origin of the universe

C．forcing scientists to agree with each other

D．how to prove a theory

3．Which statement does the article lead you to believe?

[　　]

A．The universe may puzzle men for a long time.

B．No one wants to know how the universe began.

C．The universe can never puzzle the astronomers.

D．Astronomers can not agree on anything.