阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。

　　Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance(相容) in nixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there is no necessity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed(无可争辩的).

　　Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the nonmaterial, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects(情感方面) of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complexions(人的精神面貌); in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.

　　Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies(一分为二). This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts(对应物或人).

1．The passage is mainly discussing ________.

[　　]

A．two different societies

B．the necessity of social change

C．certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur

D．certain factors that promote social change

2.________is one of the factors that tend to promote social change.

[　　]

A．Joint interest

B．Advanced technology

C．Less emotional people.

D．Different points of view

3．The expression “greater tolerance”(paragraph 1) refers to

[　　]

A．“greater willingness to accept social change”

B．“quicker adaptation to changing circumstances”

C．“more respect for different beliefs and behavior”

D．“greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas”

4．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

[　　]

A．Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.

B．Disagreement with and argument about conditions tends to slow down social change.

C．Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.

D．Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.

阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　Have you ever jumped into the water and tried to hold your breath? Take it a few steps further and you could join a growing sport.

　　Free-diving has become popular in Europe and the United States. Free divers try to best each other by diving either the deepest or the longest. These divers are pushing their lungs to the limit.

　　In June 2000 a Frenchman set the world record with his 450-feet dive. Another Frenchman set the world record for the longest time underwater. He stayed underwater for seven minutes and thirty-five seconds! Both men did it with a single breath of air.

　　Free diving takes a lot of training. Divers relax their body to hold their breath. They also have methods to pump more air into their lungs, much like blowing up a balloon. They copy the same underwater environment and practice and practice and practice.

　　Divers need to prepare because the sport is filled with danger. At deep levels water pressure force the lungs to release their air. When the diver returns to the surface water pressure can cause “the bend.” This is when air does not get to the brain.

　　Marine mammals have none of these problems. Their blood allows them to stay underwater for up to two hours with one breath of air. Free divers are learning from these animals. Every year they are getting just a little closer to moving like them underwater.

1．Free-diving becomes popular in Europe and the USA for ________.

[　　]

A．diving is an easy sport which takes only a few steps to practice

B．many people there love to take part in this kind of sport

C．diving competitions are usually held there

D．people in Europe and the USA are good at diving

2．People compete in order to prove ________.

[　　]

A．how fast a diver can dive underwater ________.

B．how long a diver can hold his breath underwater

C．how well a diver can learn from sea animals in diving

D．how much air a diver can pump into their lungs

3．Diving is a sport filled with danger because ________.

[　　]

A．divers are pushing their lungs to the limit

B．it needs a lot of training before diving

C．the divers go too deep into the water

D．the water pressure can lead to “the bend”

4．The best way to be a good diver is to ________.

[　　]

A．practice every day

B．learn from other good divers

C．do as the sea animals

D．have big enough lungs

阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　Rats use their tails to help keep body temperature. The rat has specialised blood vessels which control the amount of blood flowing to its tail. Blood flowing into the furless skin of the tail carries heat which is then let out of the body. The rat can direct anywhere between 0.1 and 10 per cent of its cardiac output(心输出量) to the tail. Under ideal conditions, it can get rid of up to 20 per cent of its metabolic(代谢) heat in this way. On the other hand, controlling blood flow to the tail reduces heat loss in cold weather. It is interesting to note that the length of the rat's tail is partly determined by the temperature of the environment in which it is raised.

　　Observing my three rats suggests that the long tail－usually around the same length as the body－is used for balancing. Although rats cannot grasp objects with their tails, they do seem able to control the muscles along the tail's length with considerable precision(精确). If a rat is running along a narrow surface such as a rope, the tail constantly flicks from side to side to steady them.

　　When my rats are eating, they rest on the edge of the food bowl, which is about 20 centimetres from the floor of the cage, grasping the bowl with their back paws and eating with their front paws. In doing this their ends stick out quite a long way over the side of the bowl so that it looks as if they should fall off backwards.

　　As an experiment, I moved the food bowl to about 10 centimetres above the floor of the cage, which is about the length of a rat's tail. Now, instead of curling their tails under the bowl, the rats stretch out their tails and point them straight down so that they touch the floor, supporting their bodies with this “third leg”.

1．A rat's tail is useful in the way ________.

[　　]

A．of controlling the amount of blood flowing

B．to direct its cardiac output

C．of keeping balance and maintaining body temperature

D．to be used as another leg

2．What is true about the rat's tail according to the passage?

[　　]

A．The temperature of where the rat grows determines the length of its tail.

B．The tail is more or less as long as its body.

C．More blood will flow to the tail in cold winter weather to keep it warm.

D．It can get rid of 20% of its metabolic heat under any weather condition.

3．Which of the following has nothing to do with keeping balance?

[　　]

A．The tail flicks from side to side when a rat is running along a rope.

B．The tail sticks out quite a long way curling over the side of the bowl.

C．The tail stretches out straight down to touch the floor like a “third leg”.

D．The tail reduces the body temperature bay letting out heat from it.

4．Which one of the statements below is a wrong description?

[　　]

A．The rat uses fore and hind paws as well as its tail when eating in a bowl.

B．It's better to have the bowl 10 to 20 cm above the cage floor when feeding rats,

C．Rats sometimes uses their tails to grasp things they want.

D．Home-raised rats are more skilled at using their tails.

阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　The ice sheets covering the Arctic seas have thinned noticeably over the last seven years, most likely due to global warming. Melting polar ice means a rise in global sea levels, which translates into likely disaster for many coastal cities.

　　Boerge Ousland, a Norwegian explorer, made the alarming discovery while skiing alone across the top of the world in the winter of 2001.The extremely tiring trip lasted 82 days and took Ousland 1, 300 miles along the northern tip of Russia to the North Pole and down through Canada.

　　Along the way, the 38-year-old explorer measured the ice thickness as part of an ongoing study by the Norwegian Polar Institute. He compared his latest results to a similar voyage back in 1994.In some areas, he noticed that the ice had thinned by as much as a meter.

　　Ousland said he noticed other changes in the Arctic since his last visit, including a greater number of polar bears closer to the North Pole. One explanation could be that the bears need to travel further to hunt seals. The seals in turn have been driven from their own environments because of the thinning ice along the Pole's edges.

　　Ousland also reported seeing large pieces of driftwood from Siberia very close to the Pole. This is yet another sign that the ice is much thinner than usual.

　　The thinning ice also sets a more direct danger to Arctic explorers. Just before Ousland set out on his trip, a Japanese Polar explorer, Hyoichi Kohno, drowned after falling through the thin ice at one point less than a mile from where Ousland was.

1．Global warming is the cause that ________.

[　　]

A．makes the ice sheets cover the Arctic

B．melts the ice so that the sea level rises

C．causes danger to the world cities

D．has no connection with the tinning of the Polar ice

2．The average for the Arctic ice to melt is about ________ per year.

[　　]

A．more than l0 centimeters

B．less than 10 centimeters

C．as much as 1 meter

D．as much as 8 meters

3．From the passage we may know the fact that ________.

[　　]

A．there used to be a lot of polar bears close to the North Pole

B．the seals were driven to travel further north by the polar bears

C．driftwood was seldom seen so near the Pole in the past

D．the thinning ice along the Pole's edges carried the wood to Siberia

4．What is not true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Boerge Ousland took the trip because he liked skiing.

B．Boerge Ousland works for the Norwegian Polar Institute.

C．Thinning ice makes it more dangerous for Arctic explorers.

D．If Hyoichi Kohno had traveled a mile away from his route, he wouldn't have died.

阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　Name a female celebrity who is 5'2" and weighs 280 pounds.

　　Give up? It's Koko, the world's best known living gorilla(大猩猩).

　　Koko is impressive. But it's her brains, not physical strength, that have earned her fame. This ape is smart!

　　Koko was born on July 4, 1971. As a baby at the San Francisco Zoo, she was introduced to Francine “Penny” Patterson, a graduate psychology student specializing in communication. Penny wanted to try to teach Koko sign language. The zoo gave her the green light.

　　Under Penny's guidance, Koko eventually mastered over a thousand words in a certain form of American Sign Language. Surprisingly, Koko also demonstrated she could combine these signs to express thoughts and feelings. Both she and Penny soon became media favorites. But the experiment led to another unexpected result: Penny and Koko developed a deep emotional bond.

　　No one was more amazed by this than Penny.“I was expecting an animal project and thought I could easily leave it after four years,” she admits. “But what I ended up with was a daughter. And you can't leave your daughter after four years.”

　　In 1976 Penny and others founded The Gorilla Foundation. TGF's mission is to “bring interspecies(物种间) communication to the public, in order to save gorillas from dying out, and call on our children to create a better future for all the great apes”. Since then, TGF has fought hard to prevent the hunting of gorillas for meat.

　　As the numbers of wild gorillas are few, Koko remains childless. She has rejected all suitors(求婚者) so far, focusing her love as a mother instead on her cat, Smoky.

　　Will Koko finally find “Mr. Right”? Only time will tell. Until then, Smoky is likely to remain the world's only cat who thinks of a gorilla as “Mom”!

1．The fact about the gorilla is that ________.

[　　]

A．it is not big enough since it has a height of 5'2" and a weight of 280 pounds

B．it is the only living gorilla in the San Francisco Zoo

C．it is so clever that it can communicate with people through Sign Language

D．it has lost its nature so that it has refused all the suitors

2．The reason why Penny was able to succeed in teaching Koko was that ________.

[　　]

A．she loved animals and took Koko for her own daughter

B．the zoo gave her the permission to train Koko

C．she worked for many years in the zoo and knew Koko well enough

D．she was specialized in communication

3．The underlined words “emotional bond” may have the meaning of ________.

[　　]

A．mother-daughter love

B．trainer-learner care

C．human-animal friendship

D．gorilla-cat relationship

4．Which statement of the following is not mentioned in the passage?

[　　]

A．Penny did not expect it would be hard for her to part Koko after four years' experiment.

B．Penny set up TGF in order to protect gorillas from being killed.

C．Smoky has all the time looked on Koko as her mother.

D．Koko will find “Mr. Right” when she is set free into the wild.

阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　Time is one of the world's deepest mysteries. No one can say exactly what it is. Yet, the ability to measure time makes our way of life possible. Most human activities involve groups of people acting together in the same place at the same time. People could not do this if they did not all measure time in the same way.

　　One way of thinking about time is to imagine a world without time. This timeless world would be at a standstill. But if some kind of change took place, that timeless world would be different “now” than it was “before”. The period－no matter how soon－between “before” and “now” suggests that time must have passed. Thus, time and change are related because the passing of time depends on changes taking place. In the real world, changes never stop happening. Some changes seem to happen only once, like the falling of a particular leaf. Other changes happen over and over again, like the breaking of waves against the shore.

　　Any change that takes place again and again stands out from other changes. The rising and setting of the sun are examples of such change. The first people to keep time probably counted such natural repeating events and used them to keep track of events that did. not repeat. Later, people made clocks to imitate the regularity of natural events. When people began to count repeating events, they began to measure time.

1．We must have the same way of measuring of time because ________.

[　　]

A．it is a mystery no one can explain exactly

B．it makes our way of living possible

C．otherwise we could not do our activities properly

D．time is different in different places

2．“The timeless world would be at a standstill” means ________.

[　　]

A．the timeless world be different between “now” and “before”

B．if there were no time, there should be no change

C．the world would remain still if we couldn't measure time

D．the world would stop change unless time permitted

3．People learnt to measure time ________.

[　　]

A．when they saw the falling of a particular leaf

B．after they were able to make clocks

C．because some events did not repeat

D．when they learnt to count repeating happenings

4．Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Time has nothing to do with change.

B．We can't talk of time without change.

C．Repeating events have regularities.

D．Any change that takes place repeatedly makes itself different from others.

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在正确选项上画勾。

　　How can we get rid of garbage? Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs?

　　These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that men might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source.

　　For a long time people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land. Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage is produced each year. But garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look like coal, petroleum, or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels. As we use up our fossilfuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.

　　Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city's garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil!

　　But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burns easily, such as food scrapes and paper, must be separated from metals, glass, and other materials that do not burn easily. This separation process is normally costly. Another problem is that burning garbage can pollute the air.

　　Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth.

1．What two problems can be solved by burning garbage?

[　　]

A．The shortage of energy; air pollution.

B．The shortage of energy; the shortage of empty land for holding garbage.

C．Air pollution; the shortage of empty land for holding garbage.

D．Air pollution; the shortage of fossil fuel.

2．Which of the following is NOT a result of burning garbage?

[　　]

A．The heat produced is used to boil water.

B．The steam produced is used to make electricity.

C．The garbage burned is turned into fossil fuels.

D．The steam produced is used to heat buildings.

3．According to the passage, which of the following four groups of garbage is ready for burning?

[　　]

A．Food scraps and metals

B．Paper and glass.

C．Metals and glass.

D．Food scraps and paper.

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在正确选项上画勾。

　　My father's reaction to the bank building at 43^rd Street and Fifth Avenue in New York City was immediate and definite: “You won't catch me putting my money in there!” he declared. “Not in that glass box!”

　　Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture (建筑) is upsetting, but I am convinced that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.

　　In his generation money was thought of as a real commodity (实物) that could be carried, or stolen. So, to attract the custom of a sensible man, a bank had to have heavy walls, barred windows, and bronze doors, to affirm the fact, however untrue, that money would be safe inside. If a building's design made it appear impenetrable (无法穿透的) the institution was necessarily reliable, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architecture symbol dwelt in the popular attitude toward money.

　　But that attitude toward money has of course changed. Excepting pocket money, cash of any kind is now rarely used; money as a tangible commodity has largely been replaced by credit. A deficit (赤字) economy, accompanied by huge expansion, has led us to think of money as a product of the creative imagination. The banker no longer offers us a safe: he offers us a servicea service in which the most valuable element is the creativity necessary for the generation of greater wealth. It is in no way surprising, in view of this change in attitude, that we are watching the disappearance of the heavy-walled bank.

　　Just as the older bank emphasized its strength, this bank by its architecture boasts (吹嘘) of its imaginative powers. From this point of view it is hard to say where architecture ends and human assertion (人们的说法) begins.

1．The main idea of this passage is that ________.

[　　]

A．money is not as valuable as it might have been in the past

B．the architectural style of the older bank is superior to that of the modern bank

C．changes have taken place in both the appearance and the concept of banks

D．prejudice makes the older generation think that the modern bank is unreliable

2．What are the attitudes of the older generation and the younger generation toward money?

[　　]

A．The former thinks more of it than the latter.

B．The younger generation values money more than the older generation.

C．Both generations rely on the imaginative power of bankers to make money whatever the bank might look like.

D．The former regards it as a real commodity while the latter considers it to be a means to produce more money.

3．The word “tangible” refers to something ________.

[　　]

4．It can be inferred from the passage that the author's attitude towards the new trend in banking is ________.

[　　]

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在正确选项上画勾。

　　We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” “And Paulwhy didn't pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, It's too late.

　　Why do we go wrong about our friendsor our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” that's being friendly. But “lucky dog”? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that they doesn't think you deserve your luck.

　　“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.

　　How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture (姿态)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.

1．This passage is mainly about ________.

[　　]

A．how to interpret what people say

B．what to do when you listen to others talking

C．how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people

D．why we go wrong with people sometimes

2．According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that ________.

[　　]

A．we fail to listen carefully when they talk

B．people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say

C．people usually state one thing but means another

D．we tend to doubt what our friends say

3．In the sentence “Maybe he doesn't see it himself.” In the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to ________.

[　　]

4．When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is ________.

[　　]

A．notice the way the person is talking

B．take a good look at the person talking

C．mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes

D．examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在正确选项上画勾。

　　We buried Donald Brown last May. He was murdered by four men who wanted to rob the supermarket manager he was protecting. Partolman Brown was 61 years old. In just six months he and his wife had planned to retire to Florida. Now there will be no retirement in the sun, and she is alone.

　　Donald Brown was the second police officer to die since I became Police Commissioner of Boston in 1972. The first was Detective John Schroeder, shot in a pawnshop (当铺) robbery in November 1970. John Schroeder was the brother of Walter Schroeder, who was killed in a bank robbery in 1970. Their names are together on the honor roll in Police Headquarters.

　　At least two of these police officers were shot by a handgun, the kind almost anyone can buy nearly everywhere for a few dollars. Ownership of handguns has become so widespread that this weapon is no longer merely the instrument of crime; it is now a cause of violent crime. Of the 11 Boston police officers killed since 1962, seven were killed with handguns; of the 18 wounded by guns since 1962, 17 were shot with handguns.

　　Gun advocates are fond of saying that guns don't kill, people do. But guns do kill. Half of the people who commit suicide do so with handguns. Fifty-four percent of the murders committed in 1972 were committed with handguns.

　　No one can convince me, after returning from patrolman Brown's funeral, that we should allow people to own handguns. I know that many Americans feel deeply and honestly that they have a right to own and enjoy guns. I am asking that they give them up. I am not asking for registration or licensing, or the outlawing of cheap guns. I am saying that no private citizen, whatever his claim, should possess a handgun. Only police officers should.

1．The suggestion the author presents in the passage is that ________.

[　　]

A．handguns are the cause of violent crime

B．handguns are a dangerous weapon

C．American people's right to own and enjoy guns should be respected

D．only police officers should possess guns

2．In paragraph 1, the tone of the author is ________.

[　　]

3．According to the author, which is true of handguns?

[　　]

A．They don't kill.

B．We should not allow people to own handguns.

C．Anyone can easily buy a handgun at a very high price.

D．Handguns can't be the cause of violent crime.

4．The passage is mainly aimed to ________.

[　　]

A．persuade the government

B．describe police officers' death

C．tell the robbers' means to kill policeman

D．explain means of people's possession of guns