The secretary worked late into the night, ________ a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare

B. preparing

C. prepared

D. was preparing

________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.

A. Exposed

B. Having exposed

C. Being exposed

D. After being exposed

Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge.

A. being known

B. having been known

C. to be known

D. known

In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ________ their products more competitive.

A. to make

B. making

C. to have made

D. having made

She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role________ in making the earth a better place to live.

A. to have played

B. to play

C. to be played

D. to be playing

Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.

A. invited

B. inviting

C. being invited

D. having invited

________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

A. The president will attend

B. The president to attend

C. The president attended

D. The president's attending

It is believed that if a book is ________, it will surely ________ the reader.

A. interested; interest

B. interesting; be interested

C. interested; be interesting

D. interesting; interest

A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.

A. smoke

B. smoking

C. to smoke

D. smoked

When Jack arrived he learned Mary ________ for about an hour.

A. had gone

B. had set off

C. had left

D. had been away