阅读理解

　　Chess-playing machines were a common feature at the 19th century carnivals(狂欢节) .They would take on all competitors and usually wan, but they were all frauds(骗局)with human beings concealed inside.

　　Two centuries later, the “machine” is real.

　　A computer programmer Deep Fritz held world champion, Vladimir Kramnik, to a 4-4 tie. In doing so, Kramnik felt just short of avenging (复仇)the 1997 defeat of his predecessor Garry Kasparov at the hands of IBM's Deep Blue.

　　Deep Fritz is a commercially available product produced by Germany's Chessbase Gmbh. In this match it was running on 8,900 Mhz processors and could analyze 3 million positions a second.

　　Kramnk admitted he found the match exhausting. “ I need some time to recover. ”he said comparing the match with his 2000 defeat of Kasparov. “The pressure is similar but preparing against a computer is much more difficult. It has all the knowledge and you have to be prepared for all openings. With a human, you know that certain openings don't suit his style and won't happen, but not with a computer. ”

　　“The games themselves were different,” he said, “Against a computer, you have a feeling that if you make one mistake, it's over. So it's like going through a minefield. You're always watching for tactics, even in a quiet position.”

　　He also said that computers play faster. “The game has a different rhythm and it puts more pressure on you.”

　　“The main problem, ”he said, “is that you can never understand its logic. In a human sense, it has no logic. With a human opponent, you feel him and you know what path he will take.”

　　Chess enthusiasts have been arguing for centuries whether it's an art, a science, a sport or something else.

　　Kramnik doesn't see the emergence of computers making any difference to this argument. “Chess is very wide. It's not merely these things but a small model of the world. ”

　　Next spring, Kramnik is scheduled to defend his title as Einstein Classical Chess World Champion against Peter Leko of Hungary. While he welcomes a rematch against Fritz, it's not certain when it will take place.

1．The difficulties of competing with the computer doesn't lie in that ________.

[　　]

A．you can never understand its logic

B．the computer plays faster

C．it has all knowledge and you have to prepare for all openings

D．if you make one mistake, it's over

2．The underlined word “exhausing” ( in Para. 5 ) means ________.

[　　]

A．making something interesting

B．making someone excited

C．making someone tired

D．making something endless

3．Put the following events in the right order:

(1) Garry Kasparov was defeated by Deep Blue .

(2)Chess-playing machines were not real.

( 3 ) After competing with Deep Fritz, Kramnik felt exhausted .

(4)Kramnik's competition with Peter Leko of Hungary.

[　　]

A．(2)-(4)-(1)-(3)

B．(2)-(1)-(3)-(4)

C．(2)-(3)-(4)-(1)

D．(1)-(A)-(3)-(2)

4．What did Kramnik think of the chess?

[　　]

A．It became more and more difficult after the chess-playing machines were invented.

B．Chess is an art, a science, a sport, etc.

C．It's more and more popular, with the computer developing.

D．Chess is a small world which is wide.

阅读理解

　　“Cambridge is admitting students who, bright as they are, cannot construct coherent essays or write grammatical English”, a university professor said.

　　Dr. Adam of Jesus College took part in a survey conducted by History Today , which concluded that students were arriving at university with a “very limited knowledge base” .

　　Westminster and Derby lecturers said most history students were unable to express themselves well in English, while Leicester believed that written English skills were declining(衰退) .

　　Literacy was not the lecturers' only concern. “Students used to know little about Hitler, and Stalin.” reported Stephen Church, of East Anglia. “Now they still know little about Hitler and Stalin. ”

　　Among other concerns were student's “poor note-taking skills and short attention span”, their fear of anything about foreign languages. They complain about how hard the foreign names are, and their insistence on “instant access to pre-packaged knowledge.”

　　“Students from lees rich families are working practically full time. Almost all our notionally full-time students are part-time now” , said King's, London. Students are in full-time employment while supposedly studying full-tune, reported West of England. “The result is a production-line approaching to education.”

1．The one reason for the problem suggested in the passage is ________ .

[　　]

A．the students are not clever enough now

B．the students don't have enough learning skills

C．the students have no interest in their studies

D．the students were admitted to university without good knowledge base

2．Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?

[　　]

A．The students are not experienced in note-making.

B．The students have very limited history knowledge.

C．The university is planning to take action on this problem.

D．The teachers show great concern on the problem.

3．The most proper title for the passage is“________”.

[　　]

A．A Survey(调查) Organized by History Today

B．The Quality of the Students Declines

C．The Students in Full-time Job

D．The Students' Lack in History Knowledge

4．Which of the following doesn't show students' “ very limited knowledge base”?

[　　]

A．They are not expert in English expressing.

B．They feel difficult when writing grammatically right essays.

C．They don't have enough work experiences.

D．They have trouble in recognizing and remembering foreign names.

阅读理解

　　In general, employers(雇主) are looking for two things in job applicants: the proof that a candidate(应聘者) can handle a specific job and the evidence that the person will fit in with the organization. Too often, employers are most concerned with the candidates' experience, but communication skills, enthusiasm and motivation are closely behind.

　　Every position requires specific qualifications. When you are invited to interview For a position, the interviewer may already have a fairly good idea of whether you have the right qualifications, based on review of your resume. But during the interview, you'll be asked to describe your education and previous jobs in more details so the interviewer can determine how well your skills match the requirements.

　　Another consideration is whether a candidate has the right personality traits (特性) for the job. Each job requires a different mixture of personality traits. The task of the interviewer is to find out whether a candidate will be able to do the job comfortably.

　　In addition to determining whether the applicant has the right professional qualifications and personality for a particular job, the interviewer must decide whether the person will be compatible with the other people in the organization.

　　Every interviewer approaches this issue of “fit” a little differently. Physical appearance is often a consideration, because clothing and grooming(修饰) reveal something about a candidate's personality and awareness of industry standards. Apart from noting a candidate's clothes, interviewers also size up such physical factors as eye contact, handshake, facial expressions and tone of voice.

　　An interviewer might also consider age in deciding whether an applicant will fit in with the organization, although job discrimination(歧视)against the middle-aged is prohibited(forbidden) by law. If you feel your youth could count against you, counteract its influence by emphasizing your experience, dependability and mature(成熟的) attitudes.

1．During the interview, a job interviewer usually asks the candidate to describe his education and previous jobs in order to ________.

[　　]

A．help him to adapt to(适应) a new work place and new responsibilities

B．inform him of the training opportunities available

C．avoid using some objective tests to evaluate his professional quality

D．decide whether he has the professional qualifications required

2．What subject does the fourth paragraph introduce?

[　　]

A．What an interview may look for about a candidate's abililty to get on well with others in the organization.

B．What a candidate should find out about the future job and employer.

C．Now a candidate can effectively prepare for a job interview.

D．Now an interview can avoid asking illegal(非法的) questions.

3．The author implies that clothing and grooming ________.

[　　]

A．can show something about the candidate's academic (学术的) preparation and job history

B．may help to show whether the candidate has the job-related personality traits

C．are far more important than such physical factors as eye contact and facial expressions

D．are suggestions of the candidate's family background, social status and beauty value

4．Why does the author mention job discrimination against the middle-aged in the sixth paragraph?

[　　]

A．To suggest that the middle-aged are not at a disadvantage in finding jobs.

B．To show that employer can benefit from the middle-aged candidate's experience.

C．To make it clear that age is one of the interview's major consideration.

D．To suggest that the young applicants have the advantage over the middle-aged ones.

阅读理解

　　Advertising gives useful information about which products to buy . But modem advertising does more than gives news about products and services. Today's advertisements, or ads, try to get consumers to buy certain brands(品牌) . Writers of advertising are so skillful that they can sometimes persuade a consumer to wear a certain kind of clothing, eat a special kind of cereal, or see a movie. Consumers might never even want a product if they did not see or hear advertisements for it.

　　For example, you probably do not need the newest cereal in the supermarket. There are probably many cereal brands on your kitchen shelves. You may not have space on your shelf for another. But if you see ads about a new cereal that is to your particular taste and has a free prize in the box, you may want it. Advertising must get attention. To be effective, it must be exciting, entertaining, or provide some pleasure. The secret of writing good advertising copy is to offer a good idea as well as a product. The idea is what the ad is really selling. One example is an ad that says eating a certain cereal will make a person do well in sports. That cereal brand may sell better if consumers think it offers strength and energy.

1．What is the passage mainly about?

[　　]

A．The content of modem advertising.

B．The skills of modern advertising.

C．The results of modern advertising.

D．The writing of modem advertising.

2．According to the passage, a good advertisement should ________.

[　　]

A．be both persuasive and effective

B．give people useful information

C．show people a product

D．show people a new idea of a product

3．From the passage we can infer that ________.

[　　]

A．modem advertising has less effect on customers

B．once customers see ads about a new cereal, they are sure to buy it

C．cereal can make people strong

D．cereal is a kind of food which is popular among people

4．What can we infer from the passage?

[　　]

A．Customers can easily be persuaded by advertisements.

B．Customers should be persuaded by advertisements.

C．It's impossible for customers to buy a product without advertisements.

D．Customers buy products according to their demands rather than ads.

阅读理解

　　There is one foreign product the Japanese are buying faster than others, and its prosperity has caused an uneasy feeling among many Japanese. That product is foreign words.

　　Gairaigo — words that come from outside — have been part of the Japans language for centuries. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.

　　But in the last few years the trickle(涓涓细流) of foreign words has become a flood, and people fear the increasing use of foreign words is making it hard for the Japanese to understand each other and could lead to many people forgetting the good qualities of traditional(传统的) Japanese.

　　“The popularity of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new. ”says university lecturer end writer Takashi Saito. “By using a foreign word you can make a subject seem new, which makes it easier for the media(媒体) to pick up. ”

　　“Experts (专家) often study abroad and use English terms when they speak with people in their own fields. Those terms are then included in government white papers.” said Muturo Kai, president of the National Language Research Institute. “Foreign words find their way easily into announcements made to the general public, when they should really be explained in Japanese. ”

　　Against the flow of new words, marry Japanese are turning back to the study of their own language. Saito's Japanese to Be Read Aloud is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers' shelves.

　　“We were expecting to sell the books to young people. ”said the writer,“ but it turns out they are more popular with the older generation, who seem uneasy about the future of Japanese.”

1．What advantages do foreign words have over traditional Japanese terms?

[　　]

A．The ideas expressed in foreign words is new.

B．Foreign words are best suited for announcements.

C．Foreign words make new subjects easier to understand.

D．The use of foreign words makes the media more popular.

2．In the opinion of Takashi Saito, Japanese people ________.

[　　]

A．are good at learning foreign languages

B．are willing to learn about new things

C．trust the media

D．respect experts

3．Which of the following plays an important part in the spread of foreign words?

[　　]

A．The media and government papers.

B．Best-selling Japanese textbooks.

C．The interest of young Japanese.

D．Foreign products and experts.

4．The book Japanese to Be Read Aloud ________.

[　　]

A．sells well in Japan

B．is supported by the government

C．is questioned by the old generation

D．causes misunderstanding

阅读理解

　　Business activities are becoming increasingly worldwide as many firms spread their operations into markets abroad. Many U. S. firms, for example, are trying to enlarge markets by doing business in China, India, Latin America, and Russia and other Eastern European countries. Multinational Corporations ( MNCs ) , which operate in more than one country, at once, especially move operations to wherever they can find the least expensive employees who are able to do the work well . Production jobs requiring only basic or repetitive skills — such as sewing computer pieces — are usually the first to be moved abroad. MNCs can pay these workers a small part of what they would have to pay in their own countries, and often work them longer and harder. Most U. S. multinational businesses keep the majority of their upper level management, marketing and finance within the United States. They employ some low level managers and a large number of their production workers in offices, factories and building in developing countries. MNCs based in the United States have moved many of their production operations to Central and Latin America, China, India and Southeast Asia.

　　Merger is also becoming more common than in the past. In the United States, for example, tobacco product and food producer R. J. Reynolds Industries bought food giant Nabisco Brands to form RJR Nabisco Holding Corp. in 1985, and in 1995 the industrial power generator, electronics and machine producer Westinghouse Electric Corporation bought media production company CBS Inc.

1．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

[　　]

A．Business Abroad.

B．Modern Business Development.

C．Spread of MNCs.

D．Business in the Developing Countries.

2．Why do many U. S. firms move their factories to Central and Latin America, China, etc . ?

[　　]

A．To help those countries to develop industries.

B．To get rid of the gap between the rich and the poor.

C．To make more production.

D．To make more value from the cheap employees.

3．The word “merger” in the first sentence of the last paragraph refers to

[　　]

4．What can we learn from the passage?

[　　]

A．Worldwide business will be popular.

B．Employees will be inexpensive.

C．People should not work for foreign firms.

D．Small companies should keep an eye on preventing being bought .

阅读理解

　　Share flat, Goodhope Valley nice flat. The other room ready for using immediately, quiet and convenient, fully furnished, park view. $45 p. w. including bills of phone and power. Female non-smoker. No pet.

　　Helen 25760453 or 25760454

　　Moving Sale

　　Armchairs , a set of 4 red-brown at $ 160 ; coffee table , black , fine wood , $ 20 ; oil painting by modern artist, sailing boat in the rain, $ 150; Turkish carpet, dark blue 6×6 f, $ 320; fridge, big, double doors , $ 350 ; old books , $ 10 up , each.

　　Tel: Weekday, 57220614; Weekend, 57225117

　　Part-time Laboratory Assistant Wanted

　　Required by busy electronics company to help with development of computer.

　　Should have an electronics degree BS or above and practical experience.

　　Hours 2:30 pm-6:00 pm ; Mon.-Thur.

　　Pay dependent on education and experience.

　　Letter of application to:

　　William Coles, NOWA ELECTRONICS,

　　31-32 , Woodfone RD , Depletton

1．Helen wants to ________.

[　　]

A．find another lady to share the cost of a flat

B．share her room in a flat with a lady who has no pet

C．rent out a flat of her own at $ 45 per week

D．find a flat in Goodhope Valley with park view

2．Phone 57225177 and you can buy ________.

[　　]

A．a fridge for only $ 320

B．a coffee table which is made of fine wood

C．an armchair for $ 40

D．6 books that you like for $ 60

3．If you get a job at Nowa Electronics, you will ________.

[　　]

A．work 4 afternoons per week

B．work 3. 5 hours every day

C．be paid per year according to your education and experience

D．be helped by a computer programmer

4．Which of the following is true?

[　　]

A．There are two bedrooms in the flat.

B．Among the things for sale is a model sailing boat.

C．A college student of electronics can take a part-time job at Nowa Electronics.

D．You have to go personally for the job at Nowa Electronics.

阅读理解

　　I promised Michael I wouldn't mention this until the season was over. Now I think it's time.

　　Early last season , I wrote a column （专栏） about an act of kindness I had seen Jordan do to a disabled child outside the stadium. After it ran, I got a call from a man in the western suburbs. He said , “I read what you wrote about Jordan , but I thought I should tell you another thing I saw. ”

　　Here it comes, I thought. It always does. Write something nice about a person, and people call you up to say that the person is not so nice.

　　A few weeks later Jordan and I were talking about something else before a game, and I brought up what the man had said. Was the man right? Had Jordan really been talking to those two boys in that poor and dirty neighborhood?

　　“Not two boys , ” Jordan said. “But four. ”

　　And he named them. He said four names.

　　And what did they talk about?

　　“Everthing,” Jordan said. “Anything. I've asked to see their grades so that I can check to see they're paying attention to their school work. If it turns out one or two of them may need teaching, I make sure they get it. ”

　　It's just one more part of Michael Jordan's life, one more thing that no one knows about, one more Jordan does right. The NBA season is over now, and those boys have their memories. So do I! When the expert reviewers begin to turn against Jordan, as they surely will, I'll think about those boys under the streetlight , waiting for the man they know to come. For someone they can depend on.

1．The author wrote this story about Jordan and his young friends NOT because ________.

[　　]

A．he would like to keep the promise he had made

B．he hated to see Jordan become the target of ill-intentioned criticisms

C．he was impressed by Jordan's deeds for the ordinary poor

D．he thought it was time to help the disabled children

2．That man called after reading about what Jordan did to a disabled child because he wanted to ________.

[　　]

A．offer another example to show that Jordan was a nice man

B．let the author know that Jordan was not that nice

C．know why Jordan stopped in a bad area

D．become famous himself

3．Jordan talked with the boys because ________.

[　　]

A．he had promised to do so

B．he wanted to teach them basketball

C．he would see to it that they all studied well

D．he needed their support

4．The passage implies that ________.

[　　]

A．Jordan is special as an extraordinary basketball player

B．Jordan is always ready to make friends with all young people

C．Jordan is not worthy of the admiration he had from others

D．It is typical of Jordan to do whatever he can for the good of society

5．In the sentence “After it ran , I got a call…” , the word “ran ” can be replaced by “________”.

[　　]

阅读理解

　　How old is “old”? The answer has changed over the years. Two hundred years ago , you were old at 35. That was the average life span then. At the turn of this century, as medical knowledge advanced , the average life span increased to 45. In 1950 , 70-year-olds were really old. Today , a healthy , 70-year-old is looking forward to many more active years.

　　So, how old is old? The answer is one you've heard many times, from all sorts of people. “You are as old （ or young） as you feel. ” The calendar simply tells you how many years you have lived. Your body tells you how well you've lived.

　　Old is a point of view. Alice Brophy said , “It makes me angry when people say, ‘Gee , you look young for your age.’What does that mean? Is there some model that you're supposed to look a certain way at 65 and 75 and 85? You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80. ”

　　There are many myths about aging. Here are some of the more common myths and the facts.

　　Myth 1: Most older people are in poor health.

　　Fact 1: Not so. There are neither biological nor physiological reasons to connect poor health with growing older. Older people are more likely to be affected with illness , but old age itself is not a disease. It is possible to remain physically healthy through your life.

　　Myth 2: Older people are unable to change.

　　Fact 2: Older people are as easily-changed in their life-styles as young and middle-aged people. Though sometimes they deal with the very big pressuresdeath of close friends or jobs, financial or family problemsthey deal wonderfully well. Older people give up smoking and break other bad habits, just as successfully as younger people.

1．According to the article, which statement is TRUE?

[　　]

A．Aging does not mean you become unhealthy.

B．Older people are not as smart as younger people.

C．Most older people are physically healthy.

D．Your health can tell you how old you are.

2．Which question is not answered in this article?

[　　]

A．Do older people have more trouble breaking habits?

B．Is old age a disease?

C．How old is old?

D．What is the average life span today?

3．The reason why Alice Brophy got angry was that ________.

[　　]

A．she didn't think she looked young for her age

B．she hated being thought of her old age

C．she was 65 but people thought she was 75 or 85

D．she thought there was a model to follow to judge one's age

4．Which of the following does the second fact support?

[　　]

A．Older people have more pressures than younger people.

B．Younger people break old habits more easily.

C．Older people are not too fixed to change for new needs.

D．Younger and middle-aged people have the same problems as older people.

阅读理解

　　“Let's go down one more , push your enter key…” says a young man helping senior citizens work a web site on the Internet.

　　David Lansdale has found a way to light up the lives of the elder. He gets them wired to the Internet. “If you hit your enter key , it will bring up this particular e-mail….”

　　Pauline Allen is one of those who have started using the Internet. “I thought I was through with life; I was ready for a rocking chair, because I was 86 years old. And I haven't found the rocking chair yet. ” “You found the key-board?” asks the reporter. “That's right, I found the key-board.”

　　The average age of Lansdale's students is around 68. All are in nursing or assisted care homes. He used family relationships to introduce them to the World Wide Web.

　　David Lansdale says, “Here they are in California; the family are in New York. The chance to connect, to cross the time and space, is very good chance to them. ”

　　“I hear you are so beautiful. ” Lillian Shier writes an e-mail to a newborn great granddaughter. Working with one another, the seniors learn as a group. They learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness , helplessness , and loss of memory.

　　Mary Harvey says, “Bingo just doesn't interest me. But this does, believe me, this does. ”

　　Ninety-four-year-old Ruth Hyman is a star pupil and instructor. She says , “When I send a letter to my grandchildren , and great granddaughter , they hang it up in their offices , just as I used to hang their drawings on my refrigerator. Ha, ha!”

　　David Lansdale says , “There's a collective benefit （得益） . There is a way of treatment. Remember we started as a support group. ”

　　Dixon Moorehouse says , “I just wish I were 15 years old and getting to learn all this. ” The seniors call their weekly meeting Monday Night Live. And many say the meetings have given them new life.

　　Ruth Hyman says , “Three years ago , they told me I wasn't going to live. But I showed them , and got work, and I've worked ever since. ”

1．The purpose of David Lansdale's work is to ________.

[　　]

A．popularize the use of computers among the seniors

B．help the seniors connect with their families

C．organize the seniors as a group to work

D．keep the health of the mind of the seniors

2．The phrase “the maladies of the institutionalized ” in the sixth paragraph means “________”.

[　　]

A．the difficulties in learning

B．the problems of the old

C．the treatments of the old

D．the worries about getting old

3．How many examples does the writer give to prove the seniors enjoy the Internet?

[　　]