阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．

　　Scientists have uncovered the exact difference between man and mouse.

　　Teams of scientists from around the world will publish today the draft (草图) genome (基因组) of the mouse, which enables them for the first time to compare another mammal's entire DNA directly with that of humans.

　　The similarities are far greater than the differences. Man and mouse share a common ancestor that lived more than 70 million years ago, which has allowed scientists to find treatments for a good many human diseases.

　　British members of the project say the draft mouse genome, published in the journal Nature, has provided the “phrasebook for scientists to translate the language of the human genome.”

　　“The entire biomedical research community can for the first time fully use this resource to deal with human diseases. They will now have powerful tools that will serve them for many years to come,” said Dr. Jane Rogers, head of sequencing at the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, which did 20 percent of the work.

　　Comparisons show almost every gene in the mouse has a corresponding (对应的) gene in humans－a 99 percent similarity that should help to find how each human gene works. Already the work has been able to show that man and mouse each have about 30,000 genes yet only 300 or so are unique to either species, increasing the value of the lab mouse as a “model” for human genetics.

　　This is an extraordinary milestone. For the first time we have an opportunity to see ourselves in an evolutionary (进化的) mirror. The mouse genome stands for a very important chapter in the lab notebook of evolution. By taking away genes to create sick mice, scientists have been able to reproduce a number of human disorders. Knowing the entire genomes of humans and mice will enable them to employ the technique more widely, leading to a rapid development in the understanding of illnesses.

1．Scientists have found that________.

[　　]

A．men and mice are actually the same kind of animal

B．mice are actually the ancestors of human beings

C．the genome of mice is the same as that of humans

D．humans and mice most probably have developed from the same ancestor

2．The importance of the discovery lies in the fact that________.

[　　]

A．man has finally found his tree ancestor

B．it will be easier for people to find the causes of human diseases and cure them

C．it has enabled the scientists to compare human DNA with that of another mammal

D．it makes it possible for man to understand the complicated language of his genome

3．The underlined word “unique” in the sixth paragraph probably means________.

[　　]

4．It can be inferred that________.

[　　]

A．every gene of a mouse works in the same way as that of a human being

B．it has become easier for humans to find their real ancestor

C．more mice will be used in scientific experiments

D．scientists will use fewer mice in their experiments to protect them

5．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

[　　]

A．Mouse's “Book of Life” May Provide Cures for Human Diseases

B．Mice and Men Are the Same

C．Man and Mouse Share a Common Ancestor

D．The Difference Between Man and Mouse

　　阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．

　　More ice melted from the surface of the Greenland Ice Sheet this year than ever before recorded, report scientists from the University of Colorado. The same team found that the extent of Arctic sea ice reached the lowest level in the satellite record in 2002, offering further proof that climate change is already changing the Arctic.

　　Researchers from the University of Colorado (UC) say that the speeding up melting appears to be linked to changes in Northern Hemisphere(北半球) atmospheric circulation (环流) patterns. The study also found temperatures during the summer of 2002 were warmer than usual over much of the Arctic Ocean.

　　“It is likely that sea ice extent will continue to decline over the 21st century as the climate warms,” researchers added. “With these trends (趋势), we may see a 20 percent reduction in the yearly average sea ice by 2050, and by then there might be no ice at all during the summer months.”

　　The report was released on Saturday at the yearly fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union, just one week after an announcement by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that sea ice is melting about nine percent faster than earlier research had showed, and could disappear entirely by the end of this century.

　　“This trend of disappearing arctic sea ice is one example of the environmental damage that can be linked to carbon dioxide emissions,” said Morgan. “When we have the means to reduce CO₂ emissions and prevent further damage, we should do our best. National leaders must act now to improve energy efficiency and increase the use of renewable energy sources, like wind and solar, before it's too late.”

　　UC scientists judge that a change in the Greenland climate toward warmer conditions would lead to an increase in the rate of sea level rise, which will bring disasters to the human beings.

1．It can be inferred that________.

[　　]

A．scientists have found that Arctic sea ice is lower than before

B．scientists have studied the pictures of the Arctic sent by satellites

C．scientists began to do research on Arctic sea ice in the year 2002

D．warm temperature has hardly any effect on the extent of Arctic sea ice now but soon will

2．Scientists fear that________.

[　　]

A．there will be no ice left at all in the Arctic Ocean at the end of the 21st century

B．disasters will happen if Arctic sea ice continues to melt faster than before

C．the temperature in Greenland will be too warm for animals and human beings to live on

D．people still think Arctic sea ice is melting slowly

3．It is thought that________.

[　　]

A．carbon dioxide emissions are one of the causes of the environmental damage

B．carbon dioxide emissions are an example of the environmental damage

C．most environmental problems are caused by carbon dioxide emissions

D．people can still have the chance to solve the above environmental problem

　　阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．

　　Elephants don't forget-at least, female elephants don't. Elephant families are matriarchal. And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival(生存), according to a study published in April by Karen McComb, a biologist at Sussex University in England.

　　Elephants announce their presence by making a deep, long sound, a practice referred to as contact(联系) calling. An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby. A stranger can cause trouble, interrupting feeding or disturbing the young. So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller. False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding, so survival may depend in part on getting it right.

　　Working with Cynthia Moss, who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago, McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls. In fact, a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call. However, families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call. And they gathered together a lot. Moreover, the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results: Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female-reproductive year.

　　This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families. As elephants age, they continue to grow larger, as do their much wanted tusks(象牙). So the older and wiser a matriarch is, the greater the chance she will be killed. About 800,000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years.

1．The underlined word “matriarch” means________.

[　　]

A．an old member of an elephant family

B．a female head of an elephant family

C．a wise elephant

D．a large elephant

2．When do elephants form into a group?

[　　]

A．When they are feeding the young.

B．When they see a familiar elephant.

C．When they are giving birth to baby elephants.

D．When the leading elephant gives out a warning.

3．The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________.

[　　]

A．how fast elephants form into groups

B．how important the age of a leading elephant is

C．how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call

D．how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

4．The older a female elephant is, ________.

[　　]

A．the stronger she will be

B．the poorer memory she will have

C．the more useless her tusk will be

D．the more likely she will be killed

　　阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．

　　Most recent British graduates do not have an independent financial(金融的) advisor. Most enter their first job already in debt. The average student debt in Britain has risen by more than 50 percent in the past four years and is now between 10,000 and 12,000 pounds.

　　The priority(需要优先考虑的事) for most is to get into credit－few have the cash to spare for investing(投资) in their future. The charity Age Concern says that 43 percent of 25 to 34-year-olds are not saving towards a pension and those that are, are not saving enough.

　　Some students, however, can afford to start looking ahead while still at university. These students can get the maximum amount of cash from their bank's interest-free overdraft(透支) (about 1,500 pounds) allowance, or take out low-interest student loans(借款) and put the money into a higher interest savings account, such as a mini cash individual savings account where the first 3,000 pounds is tax-free. They can leave university 10,000 pounds in credit, rather than in debt.

　　We hope this is one lesson that secondary school children will now be learning before they get to university.

1．The passage mainly tells________.

[　　]

A．that most recent British graduates leave university in debt

B．that the writer criticizes the British young For not thinking about their future life

C．how some students think of a good idea to get through their higher education

D．what secondary school children can learn from their seniors

2．How do some university students get out of the difficulty?

[　　]

A．They borrow money from banks.

B．They borrow money from banks, and delay the payment or don't pay back the money.

C．They try to obtain low-interest loans and put it in a high-interest account.

D．They are working while studying.

3．In the sentence “Some students, however, can afford to start looking ahead while still at university,” the phrasal verb “look ahead” means________.

[　　]

A．direct one's eyes forward

B．consider and make plans fox the future

C．turn one's head over the shoulder

D．worry about studies

4．The word “credit” in the following sentences “The priority for most is to get into credit…” and “They can leave university 10,000 pounds in credit, rather than in debt.” means________.

[　　]

A．“payment at a latter date for buying something” and “money received in payment”

B．“belief that someone is able to pay” and “very favourable reputation”

C．“the source of honour” and “influence based on the good opinion or confidence of others”

D．“money lent by a bank to a customer” and “money one has in a bank account”

5．What can be inferred from the passage?

[　　]

A．Most British university students can't afford to pay for their schooling and other expenses.

B．British parents aren't willing to support their children through their higher education.

C．It is not easy for students to finish their studies.

D．The British government doesn't spend enough funds on education.

　　阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．

　　What is the main purpose of James AN Coaching College?

　　Quite simply, we are here to help students with:

　　●H. S. C Exams: Years 11 and 12

　　●Selective School Test: Year 5 to Year 10

　　●Independent School Scholarship Exams: Year 6

　　●Opportunity Class Test: Years 3 and 4

　　●School Certificate Test: Year 10

　　The college provides expert tuition for students wishing to gain the highest possible marks in all examinations from Year 1 to Year 12.

　　We also help students:

　　●excel in all subjects

　　●have a head state

　　●get motivated to succeed in their studies

　　“EDUCATION= SUCCESS”

　　●increase their self-confidence

　　Through face-to-face teaching students are taught to perform well under examination conditions.

　　●Highly qualified teachers from Selective Schools and Independent Schools.

　　●James AN: Principal and co-author of “Maths Tests for Selective Schools and Scholarship Examination” and other books

　　●Other textbook authors

　　Our teachers set high goals for themselves as well as for their students.

COURSES AND SUBJECTS

　　H. S. C. COURSE: YEARS 11 & 12

　　Subjects: Maths 2-4 Units, English, Physics, Chemistry

　　JUNIOR HIGH COURSE: YEARS 7 & 8

　　Subjects: English, Maths, Science

　　SELECTIVE SCHOOL/SCHOLARSHIP COURSE: YEARS 5 & 6

　　Subjects: English, Maths, Gerneral Ability, Creative Writing

　　YEARS 1 & 2

　　Subjects: Maths, English

　　HOLIDAY REVISION COURSES:

　　Special holiday revision courses are offered during each vacation.

　　WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM JAMES AN COACHING COLLEGE?

　　Students of all abilities!

　　We have helped thousands of students achieve results beyond their wildest dreams in the H. S. C. and Selective School/Scholarship Tests.

　　We'd love to do the same for you. All serious students will excel in their studies.

1．If you are a student of year 7, what subjects can you take?

[　　]

A．English, Maths, Science and Creative Writing.

B．Maths and Physics.

C．Maths, English, Physics and Chemistry.

D．English, Maths and Science.

2．Which of the following statements is NOT true?

[　　]

A．The teachers from Selective Schools are highly qualified.

B．The teachers are authors of some other textbooks.

C．The teachers set high goals for themselves as well as for their own children.

D．The principal and co-author of “Maths Tests for Selective Schools and Scholarship Examinations” and other books is from James AN Coaching College.

3．The test for students of 12 is ________.

[　　]

A．H. S.

C．Exams

B．Opportunity Class Test

C．Independent School Scholarship Exam

D．School Certificate Test

4．Students are taught to perform well under examination conditions through ________ teaching.

[　　]

A．special holiday revision courses

B．face-to-face

C．self-confidence

D．all subjects

5．________ can benefit from James AN Coaching College.

[　　]

A．Students of all abilities

B．Thousands of students

C．Students from European countries

D．Students who want to go abroad

　　阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．

　　About 200 million years ago, as the Triassic Period came to a close, many species of animals disappeared from the face of the Earth. Scientists previously believed that the series of extinctions happened over a period of 15 to 20 million years. Recent discoveries in Nova Scotia suggest, however, that the extinctions may have happened over a much shorter period of time, perhaps less than 850,000 years.

　　Evidence for a rapid extinction of species at the end of the Triassic Period is found in the McCoy Brook Formation along the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia. Fossils found in this formation indicate a rapid disappearance of species rather than a slow and gradual change over time. One explanation for a relatively sudden extinction at the end of the Triassic may be that a large meteorite struck the earth at the time and is responsible for a 70-kilometer hole nearby. If geologists and other researchers can find evidence, such as shocked quartz in the rock formations, that a meteorite did strike the earth, it would give more credence to the theory of rapid Triassic extinctions. It is possible, however, that even if a rapid extinction happened in and around Nova Scotia, it did not necessarily occur in the rest of the world.

1．What is the main topic of this passage?

[　　]

A．The disappearance of animal species at the end of the Triassic Period.

B．Evidence of a relatively sudden extinction of species.

C．The possibility of an extinction happening simultaneously throughout the world.

D．A meteorite hole in the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia.

2．All of the following were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT ________.

[　　]

A．the extinction of late Triassic animals

B．the duration of time for the extinction

C．a large meteorite hitting the earth 10 million years ago

D．the use of types of rock in scientific research

3．According to the passage what would give evidence that a meteorite struck the earth?

[　　]

A．A gradual change in species over time.

B．A change in the quartz.

C．Gold deposits in the veins of rocks.

D．A change in the waters of the Bay of Fundy.

4．Which of the following could best replace the underlined word “struck” as used in the third sentence in the second paragraph?

[　　]

阅读理解：

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．

　　University Physics is intended for students of science and engineering. Primary emphasis is on physical principles and problem-solving; historical background and specialized practical applications have been given a place of secondary importance. Many worked-out examples and an extensive collection of problems are included in each chapter.

　　In this new edition, the basic philosophy and outline and the balance between depth of treatment and breadth of subject-matter coverage are unchanged from previous editions. We have tried to preserve those features that users of previous editions have found desirable, white incorporating a number of changes that should enhance the book's usefulness.

　　The textbook is adaptable to a wide variety of course outlines. The entire textbook can be used for an intensive course two or three semesters in length. For a less intensive course, many instructors will want to omit certain chapters or sections to tailor the book to their individual needs. The arrangement of this edition facilitates this kind of flexibility.

　　Conversely, however, many topics that were regarded a few years ago as of peripheral (外围的，次要的) importance and were omitted from introductory courses have now come to the fore again in the life sciences, earth and space science, and environmental problems. An instructor who wishes to stress these kinds of applications will find this textbook a useful source for discussion of the appropriate principles.

1．This textbook lays stress on________.

[　　]

A．the exposition of physical principles

B．the principles of physics and their application

C．the development of physics

D．the application of physics in different fields

2．Compared with the old one, this new edition________.

[　　]

A．has been made more applicable

B．is easier to learn

C．covers a wider range of subject-matter

D．has improved the balance between theory and practice

3．One of the features of this textbook is that________.

[　　]

A．some contents are dealt with in terms of philosophy

B．it has an outline for each chapter

C．it introduces the physical principles in great length

D．it can be used for different course arrangements

4．The underlined words “conversely, however” (Paragraph 4) indicate that________.

[　　]

A．many topics can be emphasized though they were not covered in the old edition

B．many topics can be emphasized though they were usually omitted by instructors

C．many topics have been added to the new edition as they were not covered in the old one

D．many topics have been added to the new edition though they can be omitted by the instructors

　　阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．

　　Adam Smith, writer in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labour and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.

　　“One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three distinct operations. To put it on is a separate operation; to polish the pins is another. It is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.”

　　Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day of about 4,800 pins a person. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labour, they certainly could not, each of them, have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.

　　There can be no doubt that division of labour, provided that it is not taken too far, is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labour adds nothing new. It only enables people to produce more of what they already have.

1．According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to ________.

[　　]

A．take advantage of the division of labour

B．introduce the division of labour into England

C．understand the effects of the division of labour

D．explain the causes of the division of labour

2．Adam Smith saw that the division of labour________.

[　　]

A．enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaply

B．increased the possible output per worker

C．increased the number of people employed in factories

D．improved the quality of pins pronduced

3．Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to ________.

[　　]

A．show the advantages of the division of labour

B．show the advantages of the old craft system

C．emphasize how powerful the individual worker was

D．emphasize the importance of increased production

4．According to the writer, Adam Smith's mistake was in believing that division of labour ________.

[　　]

A．was an efficient way of organizing work

B．was an important development in methods of production

C．inevitably(不可避免地) led to economic development

D．increased the production of existing goods

5．“Provided that it is not taken too far”(in the first sentence of the last paragraph) means ________.

[　　]

A．if work is done near the factory

B．if the factory is not too big

C．if it is not led to extremity

D．if workers don't have to go a long way

　　阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．

　　ROME (AP)－Roadways buckled under the scorching sun in Germany, water levels on the Danube and other rivers dropped and wildfires forced tourists and residents to flee Wednesday as record-breaking heat, blamed for at least 37 deaths, tormented Europe.

　　Londoners experienced the hottest day in the city's history when the temperature hit 35.4 degrees C, beating the 35 degrees recorded in 1990．Then a British Airways Concorde was forced to make an unscheduled stop in Gander, Nfld., during a flight from London to New York to refuel.

　　The day's high in Paris, of 39.5 degrees fell just shy of the all-time record of 40.4 degrees set in 1947.

　　“One can safely say that this is one of the hottest summers of the last 50 years,” said Capt. Alessandro Fuccello, of the Italian air force's meteorology office. He was speaking about Italy, but the heat wave was the hottest in recent memory in much of Europe.

　　Air conditioning is uncommon in much of northern Europe because it doesn't usually get so hot and it's discouraged in the south, where temperatures are often warmer, with high energy costs.

　　Exhausted firefighters were battling Portugal's worst wildfires in recent memory. The discovery of two bodies in a burned forest 300 kilometres northeast of Lisbon brought the death toll in that country to at least 14.

　　Two people in southern Spain died of heat stroke, raising the death toll to 14 in the heat wave stifling much of the country. Among the deaths was a firefighter who had a heart attack Tuesday after battling a blaze.

　　Forest fires fanned by hot winds near the French Riviera last week killed four people, and a fifth person died in Corsica when he tried to put out a fire near his home.

　　Belgium's Royal Meteorological Institute predicted it could reach 40 degrees Thursday－the highest temperature it has ever forecast since its founding in 1833-and several rivers were declared off-limits to kayakers because of low water levels.

1．Some parts of ________ have broken their heat records so far this year.

[　　]

2．It can be inferred from the report that________.

[　　]

A．people in southern Europe are happy to use air-conditioning

B．the hotter it is, the more petrol will be needed by a plane

C．more deaths were caused by forest fires than by heat in Europe

D．forest fires will come about when there are hot winds

3．As far as the places mentioned in the passage are concerned, people would prefer to go to ________ to spend this summer.

[　　]

4．Which of the following might be the best title for the report?

[　　]

A．Europe: wildfires caused by heat

B．Europe: swept by unusual heat waves

C．Europe: deaths caused by heat

D．Europe: suffering the hottest summer

5．The meaning of the underlined word “predicted” (the last paragraph) is close to that of ________.

[　　]

　　阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．

　　At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap-water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.

　　Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing times for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may he open 24 hours a day.

　　Servings in restaurants are often large, too large for many people. If you can't finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it.

　　Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15 is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave.

1．At American restaurants and coffee shops, ________.

[　　]

A．you can get free tap-water and meals

B．you'll be given a present when you order coffee

C．you don't have to pay for your second cup of coffee

D．you'll be served better if you give waiters tips

2．Bars are usually open ________.

[　　]

A．longer than stores

B．day and night

C．as long as there are customers

D．within a regular period of time

3．People take unfinished food home for________.

[　　]

4．This passage takes the form of________.

[　　]