阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　The decline in moral standardswhich has long concerned social analystshas at last caught the at tention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.

　　The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward (提出来) to improve it.

　　But the challenge is nut to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that ‘I'm in it for me’, has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness, ”Ms. Elshtain says.

　　Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says, With today's greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.

　　In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and high rate of births to unmarried mothers.

　　The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament(挽歌) for some nonexistent “golden age”, Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful (一厢情愿的) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.

　　Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says, “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can't be bought.”

1．Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans ________.

[　　]

A．have adapted to a new set of moral standards

B．are longing for the return of the good old days

C．have realized the importance of material things

D．are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards.

2．The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by ________.

[　　]

A．its growing wealth

B．the self - centeredness of individuals

C．underestimating the impact of social changes

D．the prejudice against women and minorities

3．In the 1950s, classroom violence

[　　]

A．was something unheard of

B．was by no means a rare occurrence

C．attacted a lot of public attention

D．began to appear in analysts' data

4．According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed ________.

[　　]

A．if people can return to the “golden age”

B．when women and men enjoy equal rights

C．when people rid themselves of prejudice

D．if less emphasis is laid on material things

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Most episodes (情形) of absent - mindedness - forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a roomare caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You're supposed to remember something, but you haven't encoded(编码) it deeply.”

　　Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don't pay attention to what you did because you're involved in a conversation, you'll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe(衣柜). “Your memory itself isn't failing you,” says Schacter. “rather, you didn't give your memory system the information it needed.”

　　Lack of interest can also lead to absent - mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,”says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.”Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.

　　Visual cues can help prevent absent - mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table - don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

　　Another common episode of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you're there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you'll likely remember.

1．Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?

[　　]

A．It expands our memory capacity considerably.

B．It helps us understand our memory system better.

C．It slows down the process of losing our memory.

D．It enables us to recall something from our memory

2．One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.

[　　]

A．they are more interested in what's happening arround them

B．they have an unusual power of focusing their attention

C．they are more trusting on the environment.

D．they have a wider range of interests

3．What do we learn from the last paragraph?

[　　]

A．Repetition helps improve our memory.

B．Memory depends to a certain degree on the environment.

C．If we fix our attention on one thing, we might forget another.

D．If we keep forgetting things, we'd better return to where we were.

4．What is the passage mainly about?

[　　]

A．The causes of absent - mindedness.

B．A way of encoding and recalling.

C．The process of gradual memory loss.

D．The impact of the environment on memory.

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　While it is expected that students come to university with the ability to take a good set of notes, this is not always the case. High schools may not have demanded it, so good listening and note - takeng skills may need to be developed.

1．During a listening lesson ________.

[　　]

A．the students might be interested in the first part of the class

B．most students might be absent - minded

C．students prefer to talk to each other

D．students don't have to pay attention to the last part of the lesson

2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Pre - reading the text might help you understand the material better.

B．Taking notes in class can help you master the main idea better.

C．The writer of the passage is quite satisfied with high school education because students' learning ability is paid special attention to.

D．One should learn to go over his (her) lessons regularly.

3．The article is probably written for ________.

[　　]

A．primary school students

B．grow - ups

C．university students

D．Chinese teachers

4．The best topic of the passage should be ________.

[　　]

A．How to Learn English Well

B．Listening and Note - making

C．Being a Positive Listener

D．How to Be an Active Learner

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

Harvard University is on the both sides of the Charies River. The oldest institution of higher learning in the United States was founded in 1636．In 1638 it was named for John Harvard, its first founder. During the 1640s the college was enlarged although it was short of money. Meant to be an institution for the education of Puritan ministers (清教牧师), it grew to be an institution of general education, and new and more subjects and policies (政策) were introduced. In the 18^th century, particularly under John Leverett (170824), the number of the students and campus equipment increased while the religious(宗教的) color decreased. In its early years, the college was largely supported by the English colony and the New England community as a whole, but support soon came in the form of gifts, and in 1823 the state money was received for the last time. Under Charles W. Eliot, the college became a great modern university. Its basic courses improved and enlarged, the graduate school was set up for those who finished their four- year undergraduate study, and the law and medical schools were reorganized. Eliot is also famous for his introduction of the elective system at Harvard. Besides Harvard College, the university includes schools of divinity (1816 ), law (1817), arts and science (1872), education (1920 ), engineering (1935), reorganization of Lawrence Science School of 1847, public administration (1935). Harvard also has schools of business administration (1908), medicine (1782), public health (1922), and dental health (1941). Radckiffe College for women is connected with Harvard; its students are taught by Harvard professors and receive diplomas given by Harvard. The university library, among the nation's finest, houses over 8 million volumes, and the Fogg Museum of Art is one of the finest university museums in the world. Harvard is closely connected with a large number of research institutions as well.

1．Harvard University ________.

[　　]

A．has a history of more than 450 years

B．was enlarged in the middle of the 17^th century

C．was first meant to be an institution for general education since its foundation

D．was founded by John Leverett

2．One of John Leverett's greatest contributions to Harvard University is most probably that ________.

[　　]

A．he set up Harvard University

B．he freed Harvard University from the support of the state

C．he made Harvard a Puritan university

D．he helped develop general education in Harvard University

3．Which of the following statements might NOT be true about Charles W. Eliot?

[　　]

A．Under his leadership, Harvard University became a modem university.

B．He introduced the elective system at Harvard University.

C．He improved and enlarged Harvard University, making it a modern university.

D．He tried hard to reduce the religious colour of Harvard University.

4．Based on the passage, between 1816 and 1941 Harvard ________.

[　　]

A．had at least 10 more schools added up to it

B．founded Lawrence Science school

C．went through a period of slow progress

D．reorganized Harvard College

5．Which of the following statements is true about Harvard University according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Harvard is a large and modern university with a long history.

B．Harvard has the world's finest library with its 8 million of books.

C．Harvard University has the nation's best art museum.

D．Radcliffe College for men is one of the schools of Harvard University.

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features (特征) that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child or even an animal, such as a pigeon, can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.

　　We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone's personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make him or her different from others.

　　Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone's personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person,” you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.

　　There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon, an American psychologist, found nearly 18 000 English worlds characterizing differences in people's behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military typespeople are described with such terms.

　　People have always tried to “type” each other. Actors on early Greek theater stage wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain's(坏人) or the hero's role. In fact, the words “person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask”. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys” from the “bad guys” because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.

1．The main idea of this passage is ________.

[　　]

A．how to recognize people's faces

B．how to describe people's personality

C．how to tell apart people both inward and outward

D．how to tell good persons from bad persons

2．Which of the following is NOT true?

[　　]

A．Different people may have different personalities.

B．People differ from each other in appearance.

C．People can learn to recognize faces.

D．People can describe all the features of others.

3．The reason why it is easier to describe a person's personality in words than his face is that ________.

[　　]

A．a person's face is more complex than his personality

B．a person's personality is easily recognized

C．people's personalities are very alike

D．many words can he used when people try to describe one's personality

4．We learn from the passage that people put a person into a certain type according to ________.

[　　]

A．his way of acting and thinking

B．his way of speaking and behaving

C．his learning and behavior

D．his physical appearance and his personality

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Passage One　　Americans are crazy for work. There was a time when things might have gone in a different direction. With unemployment at a nine-year high and many workers worried about losing their jobs, work is not the paradise that economists once imagined. Instead, the job market is unsure today as it was in the early 1980s, when business began a wave of restructuring. Many workers today are left feeling uneasy, unsatisfied, and underappreciated.

　　Passage Two　　As US Secretary of State Colin Powell increased the pressure to go to war, America's fear of attack rose. Last week, the American government raised its official threat level to the second highest security alert (安全警报). For the Bush's government, those terrorist threats only underline the pressing need to go to war. But for many America's friends, any US-led war against Iraq could set off a new round of terrorist atttacks both in Europe and the Arab world. In a long presentation to the United Nations Security Council last week, Powell thought that American intelligence could shame and shock the UN into giving in to the USA.

　　Passage Three　　On February 3, President George W. Bush published a budget (预算) which is full of great but doubtful reforms(改革方案). Bush's budget plan is to prove supply-side economic theory, which believes that big cuts in certain tax rates will push long-term growth and finally avoid any shortage of the state income. Some economists worry that the latest round of tax changes will not repair the nation. As a whole, Bush's reform plan “is hard to tell whether it works or not,” says a director of the Concord Coalition.

1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the three short passages?

[　　]

A．In the 1980s economy in America was fairly good.

B．American economists have great faith in Bush's economic reform plan.

C．Mr Powell was sure that according to the information they had got about Iraq they could persuade the UN to agree on a war against Iraq.

D．The American people have never been so interested in their jobs as they are now.

2．What is the meaning of the underlined word “underline” in the second passage?

[　　]

A．Draw a line under something.

B．Make something pleasant.

C．Cause people's interest.

D．Make people pay more attention.

3．Which of the following pictures does Passage One match according to the meaning?

[　　]

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not he bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.

　　Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.

　　At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady that her friends thought they must copy everything she did, they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.

　　At fist, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess (公爵夫人) found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o'clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she. called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.

1．Which of the following is true according to the text?

[　　]

A．The Britons got expensive tea from India.

B．Tea reached Britain from Holland.

C．The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea.

D．It was not until the 17^th century that the Britons had tea.

2．This passage mainly discusses ________.

[　　]

A．the history of tea drinking in Britain

B．how tea became a popular drink in Britain

C．how the Britons got the habit of drinking tea

D．how tea-time was born

3．Tea became a popular drink in Britain ________.

[　　]

A．in the eighteenth century

B．in the sixteenth century

C．in the seventeenth century

D．in the late seventeenth century

4．People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because ________.

[　　]

A．it tasted like milk

B．it tasted more pleasant

C．it became a popular drink

D．Madame de Sevinge was such a lady with great social influence that people tried to copy the way she drank tea

5．We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of ________.

[　　]

A．a famous French lady

B．the ancient Chinese

C．the upper social class

D．people in Holland

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　As we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak pats in its various departments. Staff training must have a purpose, which is decided when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications. A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in it. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies(详述) what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.

　　There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages of all of them. Successful training programs depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place “off the job” in the classroom, but training in using these skills takes place “on the job”, by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.

　　It is always difficult to evaluate (评估) the costs and savings of a training program. The success of such a program depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check on savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training program. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.

1．A training specification specifies

[　　]

A．the performance required for a certain job

B．the behavior, knowledge, and skills expected of an employee

C．the training contents and methods

D．the costs and savings of the program

2．Based on the third paragraph, the success of a training program depends on ________.

[　　]

A．the places where the training takes place

B．the correct evaluation of the costs and savings of the program

C．the performance of the workers and technicians trained in the program

D．the training methods and the quality of the training staff

3．According to the passage, if we want to be successful in our training programs, we must understand the difference between ________.

[　　]

A．“off the job” and “on the job”

B．what is taught and how it is taught

C．learning about skills and training in using them

D．the savings in time and the savings in cost

4．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

[　　]

A．As there exist weak parts in different departments of a firm, the training of its staff is highly necessary.

B．A training specification is based on the information collected from a job description and a job specification.

C．Training in using skills and learning about skills usually do not happen at the same place.

D．It is easier to evaluate management training than the training of workers and technicians.

5．Which could be the best title for this passage?

[　　]

A．A successful Training Program.

B．How to Describe and Specify a Job.

C．Staff training.

D．The Importance of Training Workers and Technicians.

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Sally arrived early. As she walked around the old house, she couldn't cause of what was about to happen. It was almost a year since her dear grandmother had passed away in this house at the age of ninety-two. The family had very much wanted to keep all her things. Unfortunately, the family business had failed and left them with heavy debts. The bank now forced them to have an auction sale to repay their debts. The auction was to be held today.

　　In the yard, all her grandma's things were neatly arranged, including dishes, old furniture, and this like. She found the quilt(棉被), which had been in her family for over one hundred years, lying on her grandma's bed as she always remembered it. If the quilt could talk, she thought, the stories it would surely tell! Her entire family history was contained within it.

　　As the auction began, Sally waited. Finally the time came to bid (出价) on the quilt. Sally held her purse tightly and listened. The first bid was $50．She was shocked. It was so high! Quickly other people bid and soon the bidding reached to $85．It was now or never. Taking a deep breath, Sally shouted out “$100!” For a moment, there was silence. Hope filled her. She glanced again at the quilt, thinking how pleased her grandma would have been with her at this moment.

　　Just then, from the back, another person shouted “$ 125!” In an instant, Sally's eyes filled with tears. She had lost her chance. She couldn't understand why so many people would be interested in that old, torn, dirty quilt. The quilt was finally sold for $500 to a complete stranger. For the rest of the auction, with an empty feeling inside her, Sally just bid for a few small things that reminded her of her childhood.

　　After the sale, she went to the counter to pay for these few things that were now hers. The woman at the cash register handed her a rather large box. When Sally opened it, there was the quilt. “There must be a mistake. Someone else got this,” she said. At this moment she noticed a handwritten note attached to the quilt with a safety pin, which read:

　　Dear Madam,

　　Before the auction, I noticed you admiring the quilt. Clearly, this object was very precious to you. Your sadness at losing the bid was so apparent that it broke my heart. Though you don't know me, please accept this quilt as my gift. I don't expect repayment from you. I only ask that you do a similar favor in the futrue for a stranger who happens to cross your path.

Yours

A Sentimental Stranger

1．Why did Sally feel sad when she came to the old house?

[　　]

A．Because her grandma had died.

B．Because her family were in heavy debts.

C．Because she knew she could pay for the quilt.

D．Because her family had to sell her grandma's belongings.

2．Sally wanted to own the quilt very much because ________.

[　　]

A．it was probably the oldest object in her family

B．she had used it for about a hundred yeas

C．it was very expensive when they bought it

D．she thought it was a most beautiful quilt

3．Which of the following best describes Sally's feeling during the bidding for the quilt?

[　　]

A．As soon as she heard the bid, she was sure that she could get the quilt.

B．From the start of the bidding she was sure her bid would be the highest.

C．She was too nervous to know what other people said.

D．Straight after she bid, she thought her bid had been successful.

4．The underlined word “this” in the fifth paragraph of the passage refers to ________.

[　　]

5．The handwritten note in the box asked Sally ________.

[　　]

A．to repay the money some day

B．to do something kind for another-person

C．to pay for the quilt with the stranger's money

D．to sell the quilt in another auction

阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it is painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.

　　During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you're “hot”. That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak(高峰). For some people the peak comes during the time before afternoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语) as: “Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.

　　You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later that you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.

　　Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble of some search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do daily work in the afternoon and save taske requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.

1．If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ________.

[　　]

A．he is a lazy person

B．he refuses to follow his own energy cycle

C．he is not sure when his energy is low

D．he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening

2．Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?

[　　]

A．No idea of energy cycles.

B．Familiar monologues.

C．A change in a family member's energy cycle.

D．Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family member.

3．If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should ________.

[　　]

A．change his energy cycle

B．overcome his laziness

C．get up earlier than usual

D．go to bed earlier

4．You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ________.

[　　]

A．help to keep your energy for the day's work

B．help you to control your temper early in the day

C．enable you to fix your mind upon your everyday work

D．keep your energy cycle under control all day

5．Which of the following statements is NOT true?

[　　]

A．Getting off to work with the least effort helps save one's energy.

B．Dr Kleitman explains why people reach their peak at different hours of day.

C．Habit helps a person get used to his own energy cycle.

D．Children have energy cycles, too.