At one time,computers were expected largely to removc the need for paper copies of documents（文件）because theycould be stored electronically．But for all the texts that are written,stored and sent electronically,a lot of them are still ending up on paper．

　　It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers,although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when email is introduced,the printers start working overtime．“I feel in my bones this revolution is causing more trees to be cut down,”says Ted Smith of the Earth Village Organisation．

　　Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself,which seems printing as one of its most promising new markets．Several Internet companies have been set up to help small businesses print quality documents from a computer．Earlier this week Hewlett-Packa-

rd Co announced a plan to develop new technologies that will enable people to print even more so they can get a hard copy of a business document,a medical record or just a one-line e-mail,even if they are nowhere near a computer．As the company sees it,the more use of the Internet the greater demand for printers．

　　Does all this mean environmental concerns（环境问题）have been forgotten?Some activists suggest people have been led to believe that a lot of dangers to the environment have gone away．“I guess people believe that the problem is taken care of,because of recycling（回收利用）,”said Kelly Quirke,director of the Rainforest Action Network in San Francisco．Yet Quirke is hopeful that hightech may also prove helpful．He says printers that print on both sides are growing in popularity．The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood,such as agricultural waste．

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　　While Thais and Cambodians share the same branch of Buddhism（佛教）,many linguistic and cultural traits（特点）,the neighbors have had many slight quarrels over the countries,many of which were lined to the Angkor Wat temple．

　　For 500 years,from the early ninth century,Angkor Wat,was the capital of Khmer(Cambodian)empire that stretched over much of modern Indo-China．The Thais captured it in 1431 and Cambodia became a battleground sandwiched between Siam,as Thailand was called,and Vietnam．

　　France officially declared Cambodia a colony in 1867 but allowed Thailands control of two provinces,including Siem Reap,the home Angkor War．Forty years later France regained the two provinces for Cambodia in a treaty with Bangkok．

　　After Cambodia declared its independence in 1953,a bitter dispute（争论）broke out between the neighbors over possession of another temple,Preah Vihear,located on a border escarpment（悬崖）．The International Court Of Justice at last sided with Cambodia in 1962．

　　During the rule of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia in 1975～1979,and after its overthrow,there was little formal contact between the countries．

　　Relations were not normalized until after the UK-sponsored election in 1993 restored democracy to Cambodia．But several borders still remain disputed．

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　　All plant cells are capable of taking up water．Even dead ones do to a certain degree．Absorption of water by dead cell walls makes wood become larger．In common land plants,the living cells of roots take up most of the water．Land plants without roots do exist,however．Those greenish-yellow lichens（苔藓）you see on rocks in the high mountains have no roots．Half a billion years ago,when water plants started to enter the land,the first land plants did not have roots．

　　Even among the flowering plants,one finds roofless forms．These flowering plants are“the higher plants”because they evolved（进化）recently and are thus considered higher on the evolutionary scale（进化树）．In the Peruvian desert,there grows one of these rootless higher plants,a bromeliad．It is a relative of the pineapple．Even if this plant had nots,they would be of no use,because where the plant grows,it never rains．The plant gets its water only from the dew （露水）it collects at night,when its leaves cool off．Such rootless plants,of course,can be moved with ease,hut they will only grow when they are placed out in the open．If they are placed too near a house,the radiation from the heat of the house prevents the leaves from cooling and so prevents dew from forming,and the plant dies．In the southern United States and in Puerto Rico,one sees bromeliads growing high above the streets on the insulation（绝缘物）of electric wires．These plants get their water from rain,and the only soil they ever come in contact with is the dust that may blow on their leaves．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

How Long Can People Live?

　　She took up skating at age 85,made her first movie appearance at age 114,and held a concert in the neighborhood on her 121 st birthday．

　　When it comes to long life,Jeanne Calment is the world's recordholder．She lived to the ripe old age of 122,so is 122 the upper limit to the human life span（寿命）?If scientists come up with some sort of pill or diet that would slow aging,could we possibly make it to 150— or beyond?

　　Researchers don't entirely agree on the answers．“Calment lived to 122,so it wouldn't surprise me if someone alive today reaches 130 or 135,”says Jerry Shay at the University of Texas．

　　Steve Austad at the University of Texas agrees．“People can live much longer than we think,”he says．“Experts used to say that humans couldn't live past 110．When Calment blew past that age,they raised the number to 120．So why can't we go higher?”

　　The trouble with guessing how old people can live to be is that it's all just guessing．“Anyone can make up a number,”says Rich Miller at the University of Michigan．“Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gets his name in Time magazine．”

　　Won't new anti-aging techniques keep us alive for centuries?Any cure,says Miller,for aging would probably keep most of us kicking until about 120．Researchers are working on treatments that lengthen the life span of mice by 50 percent at most．So,if the average human life span is about 80 years,says Miller,“Adding another 50 percent would get you to 120．”

　　So what can we conclude from this little disagreement among the researchers?That life span is flexible（有弹性的）,but there is a limit,says George Martin of the University of Washington．“We can get flies to live 50 percent longer,”he says．“But a fly's never going to live 150 years．”Of course,if you became a new species（物种）,one that ages at a slower speed,that would be a different story,he adds．

　　Does Martin really believe that humans could evolve（进化）their way to longer life?“It's pretty cool to think about,”he says with a smile．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid．At the movies,we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise,all we will feel is air．But does a baby have this understanding?

　　To see whether babies know objects are solid,T．Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion（视觉影像）of a hanging ball．His plan was to first give babies a real ball,one they could reach out and touch,and then to show them the illusion．If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air,they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements．All the 16-to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there．

　　Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence．We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door,the box will still be there when we corne back．But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to nevernever land?

　　Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old．In his experiments,Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen．When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen,they looked to the right,expecting it to reappear,If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen,all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train．This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence．But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case．The researcher substituted（替换）a ball for the train when it went behind the screen．The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train．But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch（更换）．Thus,the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence”,while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　It seems that some people go out of their way to get into trouble．That's more or less what happened the night that Nashville Police Officer Floyd Hyde was on duty．

　　“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville．As I got onto Highway 40,blue lights and sirens（警笛）going,I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway．The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me．He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder．”

　　But Hyde couldn't go after him．Taking care of injured people is always more important than worrying about speeders,so the officer had to stay on his way to the accident．But he did try to keep the Firebird in sight as he drove,hoping another nearby unit would be able to step in and stop the speeding car．As it turned out,keeping the Firebird in sight was not that difficult．Every turn the Pontiac made was the very turn the officer needed to get to the accident scene．

　　Hyde followed the Pontiac all the way to his destination（目的地）．At that point he found another unit had already arrived at the accident scene．His help wasn't needed．Now he was free to try to stop the driver of the Firebird,who by this time had developed something new to panic about．

　　“Just about that time,”Hyde says,“I saw fire coming out from under that car,with blue smoke and oil going everywhere．He'd blown his engine．Now he had to stop．”

　　“After I arrested him,I asked him why he was running．He told me he didn't have a driver's license（执照）．”

　　That accident cost the driver of the Firebird plenty— a thousand dollars for the new engine— not to mention the charges for driving without a license,attempting to run away,and dangerous driving．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　It was a warm April day when a big fat envelope came in the mail from the only college I had ever imagined attending．I tore open the packet．My eyes were fixed on the word“congratulations”．I don't remember ever smiling so wide．

　　Then I looked at my financial（财政的）package．

　　The cost of Dream School's tuition（学费）,room and board was around $ 40,000 an impossible sum!How could I afford to attend?What good reasons did I have to go therewhen three other fine colleges were offering me free tuition?My other choices were good,solid schools even if they weren't as famous as my first choice．

　　In my mind,auending my dream university would be the only way to realize my dream of becoming a world-class writer．My parents understood how I felt．They told me that even though it would be a financial problem,I could go wherever I would be happiest．But as I was always careful with money,I wasn't sure what to do．

　　One of the schools that offered me a full ride had an informational dinner one night in the spring．Considering my parents' financial difficulties,I decided to drive the 45 minutes and attend．At first,all I had planned to do was smile politely,eat free food,listen quietly．But I surprised myself．

　　At dinner the president of the university talked about the wonderful activities on campus（校园）including guest lectures and social gatherings．He also made it perfectly clear that free food would be offered at all future events．He continued with explanations of professors,class sizes,activities,and sporting events on campus．As he spoke,I began to realize that this school,though not as good as my first choice,might be the best one for me．It seemed small yet with many great programs．It seemed challenging yet caring．

　　As the president ended his speech,we clapped politely and pushed back our chairs．As I walked out that door,a feeling of comfort washed over me．Looking at the campus that night,I realized that I would be spending the next four years right there．

　　In all honesty,my university is not as well-known as my“dream”university．However,it turned out to be the right choice of schools for me．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Mountain lions live in mountainous areas of the western United States．Lately,however,people have reported seeing them in quiet neighborhoods all across the country!Usually considered shy and seldom seen,these lions are becoming more noticeable．In addition,the lions appear to be moving east．They were even reported in the suburbs（郊区）of Boston,Philadelphia,and Chicago．

　　It seems certain that these “kings of the mountains”are moving．Why?Scientists are not sure．Some think that as the mountain lion population increases in the west,younger wild cats are leaving the area．These cats are searching for newhomes and new places for food．

　　“The young males are looking for new homes,”says Lynn Sadler,who is the director of the Mountain Lion Foundation in Sacramento,Calif．“People tend to create too many barriers（障碍）,such as buildings,fences,roads,and noise．As the mountain lions seek new places and food and water sources（水源）,these barriers get in their way．”

　　The sightings have made people increasingly watchful．Sometimes the“mountain lions”that people report seeing turn out to be large dogs or even house cats．But at least a few of the meetings have been real．The building of new roads,the growing of suburbs and the growing popularity of outdoor activities are all increasing the chances that people in various parts of the country may meet up with a mountain lion．

　　Becausc many people are concerned about the reappearance of the American lion,an expert outliocd some ways they can avoid attracting the wild cats:Never leave pets or pet food outside;properly care for farm animals;and plan public land use to enable the lions to move safely from one place to another．

　　“To be fair,”says the expert,“mountain lions are trying to regain their homes．They were here first．Now we need to find ways we can live together．”

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给各题的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

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阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions．It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating．and which are to be avoided;when to attack and when to run away．The animal is,in fact,playing a very dangerous game with its environment,a game in which it must make decisions— a matter of life or death．

　　Animals' ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call“genetic（遗传性的）learning”,which is different from the individual（个体的）learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime．Genetic learning is learning by a species animals of the same kind— as a whole,and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way．However,the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past．The more important individual experience is likely to be,the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game．Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one generation to the next,it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning．

　　In the great majority of animals,their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound（复合体）of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with．That is why animals can survive．

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