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　　One of the most interesting of all studies is the study of words and word origins （来源） . Each language is 1 of several earlier languages, and the words of a language can sometimes be traced （追溯） back through two or three different languages to their 2 . Again , a word from one language may 3 into other languages and 4 a new meaning. The word “etiquette” , which is of Freuch origin and originally meant a label , 5 a sign , passed into Spanish and 6 its original meaning. So in Spanish the word “etiquette” today is used to 7 the small paper which a store 8 to a suit, a dress or a bottle. The word “etiquette” in French, 9 , gradually developed a different meaning. It 10 became the custom to write directions on small cards, or “etiquette” , as to how visitors should dress themselves and 11 during an imporiant ceremony. 12 the word “etiquette” began to mean a system of correct manners for people to follow. 13 this meaning, the word passed into English.

　　Consider the word “breakfast”. To fast is to go for some period of time without 14 . Thus in the morning, after many hours 15 the night without food, one 16 his fast.

　　Consider the everyday English 17 “Goodbye” . Many , many years ago people would say to each 18 on parting:“God be with you. ” As this was 19 over and over millions of times , it gradually became 20 to “Goodbye” .

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　　You've been away from us for three years; you told us a lie which I came to know not long ago.

　　On this special day for teachers across the country, I can 1 keep myself from telling your white lie to these who would lend me an ear.

　　Do you still remember the happy 2 about six years ago? We fixed our eyes upon you at your 3 . You , a beautiful young lady , 4 us that you would live in our village.

　　Soon after, we began to find you were part of your students and their simple honest parents. The villagers found their children 5 more time with their books 6 after doing their homework and housework. Yet they still 7 that one day you might leave. You 8 a smile all the time , which reduced to some degree （程度） their 9 of your leaving. You went all out in the 10 of your students , helping them not only in their studies but also in their tuition （学费） . You often emphasized to us the 11 of one's life , so that must have been what you were 12 in those five years!

　　One cold morning when class began , you entered the room 13 you had been crying 14 . In your class , we 15 but looked away from four eyes. You 16 for some time as if you were 17 to find the right world… you said you would go away and would never be back to teach because your boyfriend wanted you more….

　　On the following morning, we 18 you the very best and the villages gave you their 19 .The train took you away and your broken 20 .

　　The other day I happened to hear my parents chatting that you had lung cancer and left the world soon after you waved goodbye.

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　　Our country has many opportunities for adults who want to make their lives better. There are public schools you can attend. In the schools you can take things like English , mathematics and history. You can find classes in almost 1 subject you want to study. You may want to 2 3 to type , sew , paint or fix TV sets. You may want to get a high school diploma （文凭）. You may 4 want to go to college. All it takes is time and effort.

　　In many cities , there are adult classes in the 5 schools. You can attend many of these without 6 to pay money. In some schools you may have to pay a small fee. There are 7 many kinds of private schools for adults , where you may have to pay more money.

　　Many job opportunities are 8 to those who wish to work. It helps if you know 9 than one language. There are good 10 for interpreters and typists who know English.

　　There are many good jobs in governments. In most cases, you 11 be a citizen of this country , and you must 12 a civil service examination. These examinations are 13 to everyone , regardless of race , religion or color.

　　For many civil service jobs 14 a high school diploma. The person who does not have a high school diploma can get 15 . There are several ways. You can study high school 16 at home and then take special tests. 17 you pass the tests , then you get a diploma. 18 you can go to night school. There are classes the 19 you to take special tests to get a diploma.

　　Be as well trained as you can. Get as much training as you can. 20 knocks at every door. Be sure that when it knocks at your door you are ready.

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　　If you were to begin a new job tomorrow , you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or failure in your work would 1 , to a great extent, on your 2 to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. Of the utmost importance is your 3 . If a person begins a job and believes that he isn't going to like it or knows for 4 that he is going to suffer from it, he is exhibiting a （n） 5 which can only 6 back his success. On the other 7 , a person who is secure in his belief that he is 8 as capable of doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful 9 at it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.

　　Having the required skills for a （n） 10 job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A book-keeper who can't add or a carpenter （木匠） who can't cut a 11 line with a saw is hopeless cases.

　　This book has been 12 to help you take advantage of the strength and overcome the weakness that you 13 to the job of learning. But in order to measure your development, you must first 14 where you stand now. As we get further along in the book , we'll be 15 in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening learning 16 . However, to 17 with, you should pause to examine your 18 strengths and weaknesses in three 19 that are critical to your success or failure in school: your attitude , your reading and 20 skills , and your study habits.

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　　Caroline Hebard always carries a beeper （寻呼机） . A backpack and a bag are ready. On a moment's notice , she puts on her orange overcoat , ties an orange vest （背心） on Aly , her German dog, leaves her husband and children and sets out 1 anywhere in the world.

　　It was late at night in March, and the temperature had dropped to around ten degrees 2 Aly and Hebard took part in the 3 for seven children lost on the Appalachians path. Hebard saw footprints in a muddy 4 that had frozen. She 5 Aly how to use a tracking way, nose to the ground , rather than a nose-up smelling way Miles later the path 6 a road , and a searcher said , “Now all we have to figure out is 7 they went north or south on the road.”

　　“ 8 ” , said Hebard , watching Aly. “They continued on the path. ” Sure enough , two miles 9 on, the children were discovered, cold and frightened but 10 .

　　Hebard and ten 11 members of the U. S. Disaster Response Team also use their 12 to discover the positions of survivors （幸存者） under tons of broken stones of the earthquake. Once Hebard's team found an 11-year-old girl, 13 five days among the bodies, surprisingly unhurt 14 for slight injuries.

　　The work is largely done by free 15 . Each team member even supplies his own 16 including a radio, beeper, sleeping bag and boots.

　　Why does Hebard do 17 work? “It's hearbroken,” she said. “But it's 18 full of drama （戏剧性） , excitement. There's great friendliness and 19 among the team members. ”

　　That's why , whatever the catastrophe （异常灾祸） , she and Aly are always 20 to set out.

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　　American's latest strategy （对策）for single persons who don't want to be single any longer has many names: speed-dating, express-date, 10-minute-dating or simply mini-date.

　　The principle （原则） is the same: Why spend an 1 evening with a stranger 2 You realize after only the first few minutes that you can't 3 the person?

　　The solution （解决办法）: The man and woman sit down 4 each other. A bell is sounded , and in the next 7 to 10 minutes each one tries to find out as much as possible about the 5 persons. When the bell 6 off a second time , the men stand up and move 7 to the next female.

　　At such a meeting in San Francisco 8 , some 200 men and women between the ages of 30 and 60 had a 9 expression on their faces, in two long 10 apposite each other. The signal was given, and then almost everybody started 11 away.

　　Richard Cosse, 12 of “American Singles”, says this is the fastest, most effective and at the moment “ 13 ” way to search for a partner. Minute-dates have become a 14 everywhere from computer fans in Silicon Valley to gays in San Francisco to the suburbs of Chicago. Gosse says the quick method to get to know each other is helpful above all for 15 singles who are not brave enough to speak to a stranger in a bar.

　　His 16 : Don't talk about money, your weight or about your former partner, but 17 about your dreams , desires and hobbies.

　　Most speed-dating meeting cost about $ 25 per evening, 18 a person to get to know 15 to 20 people 19 the opposite sex. Speed-dating is so much in demand in America that most meetings are 20 out weeks and months in advance.

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　　Mr. Whitson taught sixth-grade science. In his first class , he gave us a 1 about an animal called “cattywampus” , which died out during the Ice .Age. He passed 2 a skull （头盖骨） as he talked. We felt proud for feeling it, took 3 and later had a quiz.

　　When my paper returned, I was shocked at the big red cross through 4 of my answers. Why? I had written down exactly what he said.

　　Very simple, Mr. Whitson 5 . He had made up the story about the cattywampus. Needless to say , we were extremely 6 .

　　We could have 7 him out, he said. 8 , he told us 9 remains of the animal had ever been found at the very moment he was showing us the skull , 10 , a cat's. So , why didn't we 11 his description about its color and other facts, especially the ridiculous （荒唐的） 12 he gave it. The zeros would be recorded in his 13 book. He hoped we would learn something from this 14 . Teachers and textbooks were not always correct and we shouldn't let our 15 sleep , but speak up what we thought right.

　　We 16 our skepticism （怀疑主义） into other 17 , but it caused problems for the teachers who weren't used to being challenged （挑战） . I've kept in mind what Mr Whitson gave me the 18 to look people in the eye and tell them they are wrong.

　　Not everyone sees the 19 in this. I once told a teacher about it and she was astonished , saying “He shouldn't have tricked you like that”. I looked at her 20 in the eye and told her she was wrong.

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　　Ask someone to name a famous international hotel, and they will probably 1 the Hilton. However, they may not know much about the man whose name is so 2 linked to comfortable rooms and good 3 . Conrad Hilton's drive took him to the 4 top of the hotel business. Yet , he was also a man who had great 5 in humanity.

　　Conrad N. Hilton was born in New Mexico on Christmas Day, 1887. His father came from Norway and his mother was a German-American. Conrad learned 6 business skills by working in his father's store. He was also strongly 7 by his Roman Catholic mother. She took him to 8 where she learned the 9 of helping other people.

　　Hilton entered the hotel business in 1919 10 he bought the 40-room Mobley Hotel in Cisco, Texas. The Dallas Hilton, which opened its doors in 1925, was the first hotel he built 11 the Hilton name.

　　Hilton 12 his biggest business difficulties during the Great Depression of the 1930s. By learning to operate carefully, Hilton's hotels were able to continue, 13 his company grew. These days, almost every large city in the world has a Hilton Hotel.

　　Conrad Hilton died in 1979. He is remembered for his charity work 14 his 15 business. A charity group he set up still gives help to people in 16 all over the world. It 17 all kinds of fields , from medicine to farming. Hilton would 18 be pleased about the good work that is being done in his name, just as he once said, “It is better to give than to receive, and to be hospitable （好客的，热情的） is sure 19 rewarded in a 20 or another. ”

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　　Susan Cleveland is the young president of a candy company in the city of Chicago. Her father began the company in the 1960s. He died three years ago. Now, the company belongs to Susan.

　　Susan, 1 , did not have any jobs before becoming head of the company. She just finished the college.

　　The employees （雇员） became 2 concerned during Susan's first months 3 the job. Mr Cleveland had been a 4 leader. But Susan permitted 5 employees to make their own 6 . One employee said , “Old Mr Cleveland 7 told us what to do. He kept people on a short leash. 8 the company did well. ” What does a “short leash” mean? A leash is a kind of rope. We use a leash 9 our pet dogs. The leash keeps the dog from 10 away 11 getting into trouble.

　　Keeping a person on a short leash means keeping him or her 12 close control. The person can't make many decisions for himself or herself. Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on short leash. 13 she encourages them to get 14 ways to do business. For example, her secretary proposed （建议） an idea. She said the company should 15 a sum of money as a prize to the best student in the high school 16 the factory. The winner could use the prize money to study at a university. Ms Cleveland 17 the idea. After the prize was announced, 18 who lived in the area of the factory began to buy 19 of the company's candy. Local newspapers wrote about the competition. Business 20 .

　　Ms Cleveland made her secretary the company's first Director of Public Relations. The former secretary was very pleased.

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　　Every summer, a great many students travel to other countries looking for work and adventure. Most of the 1 are in seasonal work , mainly connected with tourism and 2 . The pay is usually poor, but most people work abroad for the 3 of travel. You can pick grapes in France , entertain （逗乐） kids on American summer camps , and , of course , there are 4 jobs in hotels and restaurants.

　　But it is not easy now to find work, “ 5 you speak the language of the country well, there will be very few openings , ” says Anthea Ellis , an adviser on 6 for students. “If you work with a family in Italy, you'll have to speak 7 . British students only have a language 8 for jobs in the USA and Australia. ”

　　 9 enjoys the experience. Sarah James was employed to help forty American children in Europe. The two teachers with the children had never been 10 . One child lost his passport; anther became seriously ill and was 11 home ; the whole group was thrown out of one hotel because of the 12 they made, and Sarah herself was robbed on her only 13 evening of the entire trip. “I did visit a lot of new places , ” she says , “but it wasn't worth it. The pay was 14 and it really was a 24-hour-a-day job. The kids never slept!”

　　“The trouble is , students expect to have 15 time of it,” Anthea Ellis points out: “ 16 , they see it as a holiday. In practice , 17 , you have to work hard. At the same time , all vacation work is casual （临时） work. You'll have a job when the hotel, the restaurant, or the campsite is busy. 18 , you'll work if it's convenient for the company that employs you. But you have 19 employment rights. As soon as the holiday season 20 , they'll get rid of you. ”

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