Some people have sailed the world in quite small boats. It is not an easy thing 1 . Sometimes the weather 2 bad. That can be the 3 of everyone in it. Accidents can happen 4 .

　　One family once had an accident 5 some big fish. The fish swam 6 their boat and 7 holes in it. Sea water 8 , of course, and the boat soon 9 . However, these people had 10 small boat: a life-boat and they all got into that. They lived and 11 many days. They ate and slept, and they always hoped… At last a ship 12 them. 13 can people live in a very small life boat? Perhaps for weeks or months? They must be strong 14 every way. They must have hope-they must want to live. But you cannot eat and drink 15 .

　　You cannot drink sea water. If you drink a lot of 16 , you will quickly die. Sailors can drink rain water. They must 17 rain water in their boat. They must also catch fish and birds 18 . Lifeboats do not often carry a cooker, so the sailors cannot cook their food. Raw fish and bird meat is not very nice, but there is 19 choice in a lifeboat! The sailors must eat raw food, or they will die.

　　 20 people think about in a lifeboat? They think about land, a warm bed, dry clothes, fresh water and food, food, food.

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　　Body language is one 1 of non-verbal (无语言的) communication, communication without using words. Different country has different 2 . What is acceptable in one country may be completely unacceptable in 3 . For example, In China holding up one's thumb (拇指) means “good”; holding up the small finger has the 4 meaning, “ 5 ”. To show the badness in other countries, people may use different gestures, holding thumbs downwards, etc. Interestingly, when you wave goodbye 6 someone who is going 7 from you, he may come 8 to you, because that gesture means “Come 9 !” in his country.

　　The eyes are said to be “the windows of the soul”. But eye contact (接触) may 10 different meanings. In the United States and other western countries, speakers and listeners look in 11 eyes to show attention and interest and respect. In China, Indonesia and rural (乡村) places in Mexico, lowering one's eyes is a sign 12 respect, and too much eye contact shows 13 manners.

　　It's good manners 14 an Arab to stand close 15 his friend when they are talking. But English people 16 like to be too close to one another 17 there is a reason. It could be very interesting to watch an Arab and an Englishman 18 together. The Arab who is friendly will move 19 to the Englishman. While the Englishman moves back in order to keep a certain distance 20 . When they finish their talk, they don't remain in the same place where they were standing.

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　　When you discuss about eating out with your friend, first of all, you must make it clear who will pay for the meal. If somebody suggests 1 lunch with his friend, he might simply say something like this, “I'm 2 it'll have to be some place 3 , as I have little money.” The 4 person may say, “ 5 . I'll meet you at McDonald's.”This means he has agreed 6 the two will go Dutch, that is, each person pays 7 himself. He may say, “Oh, 8 . I want to take you 9 lunch at Johnson's.” This means the person is to pay the bill for both of them. 10 the other person is pleased with the invitation, there is 11 reason why he shouldn't 12 it by simply 13 “Thank you.”

　　American customs are much the same 14 those in 15 parts of the world. American women 16 expect men to pay for all the meals. But today, some of them 17 . However, if a woman is asked to attend a dinner or a dance outside, the invitation 18 means “Come 19 my guest.” So, 20 you see, it is a polite thing to make the situation clear at the very beginning.

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　　Oxen (公牛) are worshiped (崇拜) as God by Indian people. No one is 1 to hurt even a hair of an ox. If you travel in India, you can easily find oxen 2 slowly in. the streets, but 3 dares to 4 them up.

　　If you drive in India, you have to keep your 5 wide open. You must be very 6 wherever you see oxen. Try every means (方法) to avoid 7 them. Otherwise, you will 8 get into trouble.

　　People often see drivers are stopped if an ox is on the road. They know“ 9 first”. If you want to 10 an Indian temple, examine 11 carefully in advance (事先). You can't use anything 12 from oxen, neither a coat nor a bag nor shoes. If you 13 them by mistake, the 14 may think that you 15 their feelings.

　　 16 to an Indian, you should pay attention to what you say. Never say 17 that are not 18 to oxen. Once in New Delhi an 19 professor asked a foreign officer, “What is your 20 food?”

　　“Beefsteak (牛排).” replied the officer. As soon as he heard this, the professor became angry.

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　　There are two types of twins: identical (同性的) and non-identical twins. Identical twins are formed 1 a single egg in the mother's body which 2 to form two separate babies. Identical twins look the same, and are often 3 by their parents in clothes of the same colors. It is often 4 to tell identical twins from each other, even when they are standing 5 . Non-identical twins come into being when the mother 6 two separate eggs at the same time, both of 7 grow to form babies. 8 case the twins look like ordinary brothers and sisters and are easy to tell one from 9 .

　　In the 1970s and 1980s a scientist did some 10 into twins in the USA．He invited many 11 of identical twins to the university and asked them to 12 a week of tests. He was particularly 13 adopted (被收养的) twins who had been separated at birth. He 14 give the twins different kinds of tests to 15 their speed of thinking, their speech, their memory (记忆), 16 they saw and heard different things, and so on. 17 he found separate twins preferred clothes of the same color. They even used shaving (修面的) soaps of 18 kind.

　　There is a third type of twins. 19 , it is a very unusual one. Twins which are joined together at birth are known in western countries 20 Siamese twins.

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　　Paper was not made in southern Europe until the year 1100.Though Scandinavia now 1 a great deal of the world s paper, it did not begin to make it until 1500. 2 was a German named Schaeffer who found out that one could make the best paper from 3 . After that, forest countries, such as Canada, Sweden, Norway, Finland and the United States, became the most important in 4 . Today in Finland, 5 , no industry is bigger than the forest industry. And the 6 industry is the most important part of it.

　　Modern paper-making machines are very big, 7 they make paper very fast. The 8 machines can make a piece of paper 750 metres long and six metres wide in one minute.

　　When we think of paper, we think of newspapers, books, letters, 9 , and writing paper. But there are many other 10 . Each year, more and more things are made of paper. We 11 paper cups, plates, and dishes for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables, and 12 beds can be made of paper. The newest thing made of paper in the world may be a paper 13 . It is not a small house for children to 14 , but a real, big house for people to live in. It is not expensive. You can 15 a paper house yourself in a few hours, and you can use it for about 5 years.

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　　Once upon a time there was a lazy and foolish man. He was too lazy to work 1 a farmer. He went 2 the village every day and did all kinds of little jobs for people. He was happy to earn enough to 3 from day to day.

　　He was very 4 at climbing coconut trees. One day he was walking through a coconut plantation (椰子园). The owner of the plantation 5 him. “Good afternoon, my friend.” the owner said, “Do you want to earn some money by 6 for coconuts?”

　　“ 7 will you give me?” replied the lazy man.

　　“I'll give you two nuts from 8 tree you climb.” the owner said, “And there are twenty-five trees.”

　　The lazy man 9 . He started to climb one of the trees. When he reached the top, he said to himself, “There are twenty-five trees. That means there will be fifty nuts for me. If I sell the nuts, I'll get 10 money to buy twice as 11 cheap nuts. Then I will boil the nuts and 12 the oil. After that I will sell the oil and make a lot of money.”

　　“ 13 the money I will buy many chickens. The chickens will grow up and 14 many eggs. The eggs will hatch into chickens. I will take care of the chiekens. 15 those chickens will grow up and lay 16 eggs. They too will hatch into other chickens.”

　　“I will then sell all the chickens and make a big profit (利润). With the money, I'll buy some 17 presents and a ship. I'll go to another country. There I'll ask a princess to 18 me…”

　　As he was talking to himself, the lazy man moved from side to side. He was 19 . He forgot that he was 20 a tree. He let go of the trunk and fell to the ground. He died at once.

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　　You have probably heard of homing pigeons (鸽子), which usually appeared in war. From 3,000 B．C．to the present, homing pigeons have 1 as postmen. They have been especially useful for carrying messages in time of war. The telegraph is not 2 to carry about. Sometimes only the little pigeon can take a message where it ought to go.

　　In 1870, when the Prussians surrounded the city of Paris, the city was cut off from all the 3 means of communication. The people 4 many different ways of 5 news. One way was to let go small balloons carrying mail. 6 of course, they only drifted 7 the wind carried them. Often they landed inside the enemy's lines. Even balloons large enough to carry a pilot could hardly be well controlled.

　　It was pigeons that in the end solved the 8 . Homing pigeons were brought into 9 . Soon they were carrying letters far and wide. The enemy bought 10 to catch pigeons, but the little postmen could fly faster than their 11 . Strangely enough, pigeons played an important 12 in war.

　　During World War I every army unit had a group of pigeons 13 . Many of them were 14 . Among them was an American pigeon with a French name Cher Ami, which meant “friend”. A group of U.S. soldiers were surrounded by the enemy. They had no food and no bullets. They nearly died of 15 There was 16 hope for them. Cher Ami made his way 17 the bullets and succeeded. At once planes set out to drop food and ammunition (军火) to them. With their strength 18 , the soldiers fought back to their own army and got saved.

　　 19 can pigeons carry the message? There were various methods. Usually the message is put into a little glass tube. The tube is tied to the leg or hidden under 20 or hung around the neck.

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　　Henry's job was to examine cars which crossed the frontier (边境) to make sure that they were not smuggling (走私) anything into the country. Every evening 1 at weekends, he 2 see a factory worker coming up the hill towards the frontier, pushing a bicycle with a big load of straw (稻草) on it. When the bicycle 3 the frontier. Henry used to stop the man and 4 him take the straw off and 5 it. Then he would examine the straw carefully to see 6 he could find anything, after which he would look in all the man's pockets before he let him tie straw again. The man would then put it on his bicycle and go off 7 the hill with it. Although Henry was always 8 to find gold or jewellery or other valuable things 9 in the straw, he never found anything even though he examined it very 10 . He was sure that the man was 11 something, but he was not 12 to imagine what it could be.

　　Then one evening, after he had looked through the straw and emptied the factory worker's pockets 13 usual, he 14 to him, “Listen, I know that you're smuggling things 15 this frontier. Won't you tell me what it is that you are bringing 16 so successfully? I'm an old man, and today is my last day on the 17 . Tomorrow I'm going to 18 . I promise that I shall not tell 19 if you tell me what you've been smuggling.” The factory worker didn't say anything for 20 . Then he smiled, turned to Henry and said quickly, “Bicycles!”

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　　Jenkins was a jeweller, who had made a large diamond (钻石) ring worth ￡57,000 for the Silkstone Jewellery Shop. When it was ready, he made a copy of it which looked 1 like the first one but was worth only ￡2,000. He took this to the shop, which 2 it without a question.

　　Jenkins gave the much more 3 ring to his wife for her fortieth birthday. Then, the husband and wife 4 to Paris for a weekend. As to the 5 ring, the shop sold it for ￡60,000.

　　Six months later the buyer 6 it back to Silkstone's office. “It' s a faulty (有瑕疵的) diamond.” he said, “It isn't worth the high 7 I paid.” Then he told them the 8 . His wife's car had caught fire in an 9 . She had escaped (幸免), 10 the ring had fallen off and been damaged (损坏) in the great 11 of the fire.

　　The shop had to 12 . They knew that no fire on earth can 13 damage a perfect diamond. Someone had taken the 14 diamond and put a faulty one in its place. The question was: who 15 it?

　　A picture of the ring appeared in the 16 . A reader thought he 17 the ring. The next day, another picture appeared in the papers which 18 a famous dancer walking out to a plane for Paris. Behind the dancer there was a woman 19 a large diamond ring.“Do you know the 20 with the lovely diamond ring?” the papers asked their readers. Several months later, Jenkins was sentenced to seven years in prison.

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